Anti-Retroviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; methods ; utilization ; China ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Public Health

Objective To study the feasibility of using dried blood spot (DBS) specimens in BED-CEIA assay and to estimate the HIV-1 incidence with DBS in China. Methods 10 313 participants from 27 voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) sites were enrolled in this study. Both plasma and DBS specimens were collected. 349 eligible pairs of HIV-1 positive specimens confirmed by Western Blot were available for BED-CEIA and the results compared. Negative control, low positive control, high positive control and calibrator in DBS were used to evaluate the stability and repeatability of the detection results of DBS specimens. Results Of the total HIV positives, 294 and 53 participants were tested as long-term or recent HIV infections by both DBS and plasma specimens. Two participants showed different results from DBS and plasma specimens, but their final An values were close to the cutoff value of BED-CEIA assay. The concordance rate between the two types of specimens was 99.43% and the R2 linear of the stability and repeatability results of DBS specimens reached 0.9551 and 0.95, respectively. Conclusion Although some individual specimens showed different results, the incidence rates calculated from both types of specimen were equivalent. DBS specimens were suitable for estimating the HIV incidence and could be popularized in China. However, further studies regarding window period and adjustment coefficients of BED-CEIA assay are needed.

We sought to identify the differences between adolescents left behind in their home villages/towns (LBA) and non-left behind adolescents (NLB) on subjective well-being and family functioning due to parental migration in south China. We used a stratified cluster sampling method to recruit middle school students in a city experiencing population-emigration in Jiangxi Province in 2010. Participants included adolescents from families with: (1) one migrant parent, (2) both parents who migrated, or (3) non-left behind adolescents (i.e., no migrant parent). To determine predictors of subjective well-being, we used structural equation models. Adolescents left behind by both parents (LBB) were less likely to express life satisfaction (P = 0.038) in terms of their environments (P = 0.011) compared with NLB. A parent or parents who migrated predicts lower subjective well-being of adolescents (P = 0.051) and also lower academic performance. Being apart from their parents may affect family functioning negatively from an adolescent's viewpoint. Given the hundreds of millions of persons in China, many who are parents, migrating for work, there may be mental health challenges in some of the adolescents left behind.
Adolescent ; Aging ; China ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Psychology, Adolescent ; Rural Population ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transients and Migrants

:To predict the epidemiological trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by mathematical modeling based on the population mobility and the epidemic prevention and control measures. : As of February 8，2020，the information of 151 confirmed cases in Yueqing，Zhejiang province were obtained，including patients' infection process，population mobility between Yueqing and Wuhan，etc. To simulate and predict the development trend of COVID-19 in Yueqing, the study established two-stage mathematical models，integrating the population mobility data with the date of symptom appearance of confirmed cases and the transmission dynamics of imported and local cases. : It was found that in the early stage of the pandemic，the number of daily imported cases from Wuhan (using the date of symptom appearance) was positively associated with the number of population travelling from Wuhan to Yueqing on the same day and 6 and 9 days before that. The study predicted that the final outbreak size in Yueqing would be 170 according to the number of imported cases estimated by consulting the population number travelling from Wuhan to Yueqing and the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model; while the number would be 165 if using the reported daily number of imported cases. These estimates were close to the 170，the actual monitoring number of cases in Yueqing as of April 27，2020. : The two-stage modeling approach used in this study can accurately predict COVID-19 epidemiological trend.
COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2