1.Two Cases of Poisoning with Veratrum Maackii.
Won Young SUNG ; Yong Hwan KIM ; Jang Young LEE ; Gyeong Nam PARK ; Won Suk LEE ; Young Mo YANG
Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine 2012;23(5):738-741
Veratrum alkaloids in Veratrum maackii may cause significant gastrointestinal symptoms, bradycardia, hypotension, and arrythmia. We experienced successful outcomes in two patients who were victims of poisoning due to ingestion of Veratrum maackii, which was mistaken for Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum. One patient developed hypotension and prolongation of QT interval in electronicardiogram (ECG) and was treated with administration of vasopressor and magnesium. The other patient developed bradycardia and was treated with administration of atropine. Both patients were kept under close observation, and received supportive care, and both patients were discharged without any symptoms or complications.
Allium
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Arrhythmias, Cardiac
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Atropine
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Bradycardia
;
Eating
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Humans
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Hypotension
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Magnesium
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Veratrum
;
Veratrum Alkaloids
2.Advances in studies on steroidal alkaloids and their pharmacological activities in genus Veratrum.
Meng-Zhen ZHANG ; Li-Juan GAO ; Xu SHI-FANG ; Wen-Kang HUANG ; Li XIAO-YU ; Ye YI-PING
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2020;45(21):5129-5142
Genus Veratrum plants contain a diversity of steroidal alkaloids, so far at least 184 steroidal alkaloids attributed to cevanine type(A-1~A-69), veratramine type(B-1~B-21), jervanine type(C-1~C-31), solanidine type(D-1~D-10) and verazine type(E-1~E-53), respectively, have been isolated and identified in the genus Veratrum. Their pharmacological activities mainly focused on decreasing blood pressure, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and antitumor effect. This paper classified and summarized the 184 kind of steroidal alkaloids from the Veratrum plants and their major pharmalogical activities in order to provide the scientific basis for the further development and utilization of active alkaloids.
Alkaloids/pharmacology*
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Analgesics
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Platelet Aggregation
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Steroids/pharmacology*
;
Veratrum
3.Steroidal alkaloids of from Veratrum dahuricum.
Lang ZHAO ; Zhiqiang OU ; Kan WANG ; Hongzheng FU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2009;34(23):3039-3042
OBJECTIVETo study the steroidal alkaloids in Veratrum dahuricum.
METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis.
RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as (20R, 22S, 25S)-veratra-5,13-dien-3beta-ol (1), angeloylzygadenine (2), 15-O-(2-methylbutanoyl)-3-O-veatroylprotoverine (3), 20-isoveratramine (4), veratramine (5).
CONCLUSIONCompound 1 was a new compound, compounds 24 were obtained from the plant for the first time.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Isomerism ; Steroids ; chemistry ; Veratrum ; chemistry
4.Indian Hedgehog signaling is involved in the stretch induced proliferation of osteoblast.
Lei HAN ; Xiaoling ZHANG ; Guohua TANG
West China Journal of Stomatology 2012;30(3):234-238
OBJECTIVETo observe the role of the Hedgehog (Hh) genes in the proliferation of osteoblasts upon mechanical tensile strains.
METHODSPrimary osteoblasts harvested from newborn rat calvarial bone were subjected to 3% and 6% elongation of tensile stretches using Flexcell 4000 strain unit. The cultures were also treated with either recombinant N-terminals Sonic Hedgehog (N-Shh) or cyclopamine (cy), a Hh inhibitor or gadolinium (GdCl3), an inhibitor of stretch-activated channels. The proliferation of osteoblasts was quantified by cell counting, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and cell cycle detection via flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 8.0 software package.
RESULTSThe tensile strain, especially under 6% elongation, promoted osteoblast proliferation. Stretching force could also promote the proliferation even when the cells were treated with cy, but this effect was suppressed by GdCl3.
CONCLUSIONThe induced proliferation of osteoblasts by mechanical stretched is mediated at least in part by Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) signaling.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Osteoblasts ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Veratrum Alkaloids
5.Effect of Sonic Hedgehog Signal Pathway Inhibitor Jervine on Myelodysplastic Syndromes MUTZ-1 Cells.
Yu-Ting QIN ; Liu YAO ; Zhen YIN ; Huan WANG ; Shuang CHEN ; Tuerxun NILUPAR ; Yasen HALIDA ; Yang LIU ; Abulizi PATIGULI ; Ming JIANG ; Jian-Ping HAO
Journal of Experimental Hematology 2020;28(4):1298-1302
OBJECTIVE:
To study the effect of SMO inhibitor (Jervine) on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of MDS cell line MUTZ-1, and its mechanism.
METHODS:
The effect of different concentrations Jervine on proliferation of MUTZ-1 cells was detected by CCK-8 method. Apoptosis and cell cycle of MUTZ-1 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the changes of Shh signaling pathway effecting proteins BCL2 and CyclinD1. The expression levels of Smo and Gli1 gene were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).
RESULTS:
Jervine inhibited MUTZ-1 cell proliferation in a concentration dependent manner (24 h, r=-0.977), the apoptosis rate of MUTZ-1 cells increased with the enhancement of concentration of Jervine in MUTZ-1 cells (P<0.001), the cell proportion of G phase increased and the cell number of S phase decreased with enhancement of concentration (P<0.001). The result of RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that the expression of Smo, Gli1 mRNA and BCL2, CyclinD1 proteins decreased (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
SMO inhibitor can effectively inhibit the growth of MDS cell line MUTZ-1 improve the cell apoptosis and induce cell cycle arrest. Its action mechanism may be related with dowm-regulating the expression of BCL2 and CyclinD1.
Apoptosis
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Proliferation
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Hedgehog Proteins
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Humans
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Myelodysplastic Syndromes
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Signal Transduction
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Veratrum Alkaloids
6.Determination of vetatramine in Veratrum nigrum by HPLC-ELSD.
Li-Shu WANG ; Da-Qing ZHAO ; Hua-Ming TAO ; Yong-Hong LIU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2008;33(7):791-792
OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC-ELSD method for determination of vetatramine. in Veratrum nigrum.
METHODThe analy fical column was Shim-pack ODS - C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 4 microm) column, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1% triethylamine) (50:50), at a flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1). The temperature of drift tube was 90 degrees C and the gas flow was at the rate of 2.5 L x min(-1).
RESULTThe calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.36-3.6 microg (r = 0.999 8). The average recovery was 100.9% (RSD 2.3%, n = 6). The contents of veratramine in Veratrum nigrum. from the ten different sources were determined.
CONCLUSIONThe method may be used as a accurate and reproducible way to determine the content of veratramine in V. nigrum.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Linear Models ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Veratrum ; chemistry ; Veratrum Alkaloids ; analysis ; isolation & purification
7.Veratrum patulum intoxication developed in a group of twenty-three patients.
Se Hyung LEE ; Young Don KIM ; Dong Cheon HA ; Koon Hee HAN ; Woo Jin JEONG ; Hui Dong KANG ; Gab Jin CHEON
Korean Journal of Medicine 2010;79(4):417-421
Veratrum patulum is a perennial plant with toxicity, which grows wild in the high mountain areas of Korea. Various types of steroidal alkaloids contained in Veratrum patulum are known to cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, bradycardia and hypotension. Twenty-three patients were admitted to our center with chief complaints of nausea and vomiting after ingesting leaves of Veratrum patulum. The mean age of the group was 44 years old and was comprised of 19 males and 4 females. Some patients showed hypotension and bradycardia with symptoms such as dizziness. Ten patients with severe bradycardia coupled with other symptoms received atropine administration. Nausea and vomiting were improved after the administration of anti-emetics. Blood pressure and the pulse rate were all normalized on the day after admission, and all of the patients were discharged without any symptoms.
Alkaloids
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Antiemetics
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Atropine
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Blood Pressure
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Bradycardia
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Dizziness
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Female
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Heart Rate
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Humans
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Hypotension
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Korea
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Male
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Nausea
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Plants
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Veratrum
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Vomiting
8.Synthesis of A B C-ring subunit of C-nor-D-homo-steroidal alkaloids: towards the total synthesis of cyclopamine.
Xue-Li ZHANG ; Yu-Qi LIAO ; Peng-Jun CAI ; He-Quan YAO ; Ling-Yi KONG ; Hong-Bin SUN
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (English Ed.) 2013;11(3):277-283
A practical approach to the synthesis of the A, B and C-ring subunit of cyclopamine has been developed. This synthetic tactic highlights the utility of mandelate acetal-mediated resolution of the fused ring ketone (±)-4 and IBX-mediated oxidation cascades from 12 to 9. The availability of advanced intermediates from enantiomerically pure (+)-4 and 2 could provide efficient access to biologically active and structurally diverse C-nor-D-homo-steroidal alkaloids such as cyclopamine.
Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic
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methods
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Molecular Structure
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Organic Chemistry Phenomena
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Stereoisomerism
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Steroids
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chemistry
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Veratrum Alkaloids
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chemical synthesis
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chemistry
9.Effects of cyclopamine on the proliferation and apoptosis of LNCaP cells and expression of the PCA3 gene in human prostate cancer.
Zhi-Yong LÜ ; Ling-Dong LÜ ; M A LIANG-HONG
National Journal of Andrology 2014;20(3):213-217
OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of cyclopamine on the proliferation and apoptosis of LNCaP cells and the expression of the PCA3 gene in human prostate cancer in vitro.
METHODSLNCaP cells were treated with cyclopamine at the concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 15 micromol/L for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The inhibitory effects of cyclopamine on the proliferation and apoptosis of the LNCaP cells were detected by MTT and flow cytometry respectively, the morphological changes of the cells observed by Hoechst 33258 staining, and the expression of the PCA3 gene determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR).
RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, cyclopamine significantly inhibited the proliferation of the LNCaP cells at 5, 10 and 15 micromol/L (P <0.01), reaching IC50 at 10 micro mol/L at 48 hours. The apoptosis rates of the LNCaP cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours were 37.21%, 57.38% and 57.98% in the 10 micromol/L group and 21. 16% , 71.31% and 72.90% in the 15 micro.mol/L group, significantly different from those in the control (P <0. 01). The cell apoptosis showed a rising trend with the increase of cyclopamine concentration and acting-time, while the expression of the PCA3 gene was decreasing with the increased concentration of cyclopamine, significantly lower than that of the blank control group (P <0.01) , and extremely low in the 10 micromo/L group
CONCLUSIONCyclopamine intervention at 10 and 15 micromol/L for 48 and 72 hours could significantly inhibit the at all time points. Proliferation and induce the apoptosis of LNCaP cells and reduce the expression level of PCA3.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Veratrum Alkaloids ; pharmacology
10.Effects of cyclopamine on the proliferation and cycle of prostate cancer cell line DU145.
Quan-wu SUN ; Feng-hai ZHOU ; Yang-min WANG ; Qiang CHI
National Journal of Andrology 2010;16(3):227-231
OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of the Hedgehog signal pathway blocker (cyclopamine) on DU145 cells.
METHODSWe interfered DU145 cells with cyclopamine at the concentrations of 1, 10, 50 and 100 micromol/L and detected its inhibitory effect on the cells by MTT colorimetry assay at 24, 48 and 72 hours, as well as its effect on the cell cycle by flow cytometry. We also determined the difference in the mRNA expression of cyclin E between the experimental and control groups by RT-PCR at 48 hours after 50 +/- micromol/L cyclopamine intervention.
RESULTSCyclopamine inhibited the DU145 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with inhibition rates of 7.42, 12.70 and 59.15% in the 10, 50 and 100 micromol/L groups respectively at 24 hours, significantly different from that of the blank control group (P < 0.05). It markedly suppressed the proliferation of the DU145 cells at >10 micromol/L at 24 hours. Flow cytometry showed an obviously increased proportion of stage G1 cells at the concentration of >10 micromol/L after 48-hour intervention, with statistically significant differences from the G1 cell proportions in the control, 10 micromol/L and 50 micromol/ L groups, which were (52.17 +/- 2.21)%, (60.13 +/- 2.75)% and (74.30 +/- 3.52)% respectively (P < 0.01). The apoptotic peak was elevated with the increased concentration of cyclopamine. The cyclin E mRNA expression of the DU145 cells was decreased by 61.90% at 48 hours after 50 micromol/L cyclopamine intervention as compared with the blank control group (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONCyclopamine can inhibit the proliferation of DU145 cells, and the mechanism may be related with its effect of down-regulating the cyclin E mRNA expression of DU145 cells and blocking them in stage G1. Cyclopamine can also induce the apoptosis of DU145 cells.
Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin E ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Veratrum Alkaloids ; pharmacology