A case with shunt dependent hydrocephalus, which had normal ventricular size despite marked increased in ventricular pressure after shunt malfunction was observed. This case of normal volume hydrocephalus had distal shunt occlusion. Prolonged shunt dependency and obstruction of shunting tube were factors in this condition. Acute developed symptom of increased intracranial pressure with normal size ventricle with elevated pressure is a threatening clinical entity requiring prompt shunt revision procedure.
Hydrocephalus* ; Intracranial Pressure ; Ventricular Pressure

23 patients (10 males, 13 females) with mitral stenosis aged from 23-50 years of old (mean 37.5 years) were enrolled in the study. Valvular opening area ranged from 0.7cm2 to 1.2cm2. 5 patients have mitral stenosis alone. 18 patients have mitral stenosis with insufficiency grade I, II. 14 patients have sinus rhythm and 98 patients have atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary artery pressure ranged 25mmHg to 45mmHg when measuring directly. There was closed positive correlation between pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular pressure with r= 0.509 for pre-operation and 0.548 for post-operation. After valve detachment, both pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular pressure decreased rapidly and dramatically in comparison with prior detachment with p = 0.01.
Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Ventricular Pressure

There have been few reports documenting the outcome of arterial swich operations(ASO) in selected patients with transposition of great arteries(TGA) and with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction(LVOTO). In the case of TGA with LVOTO, if the atrial septal defect(ASD) is large and the ventricular septal defect(VSD) is restricive, this deprives the left ventricle(LV) of approporiate preload and could lead to underdevelopment of the ventircular mass and lead poor LV performance after the arterial switch operation, dspite a high pressure in the LV preoperatively. Because an increase in the systolic ventricular pressure is not necessarily paralleled by an increase in ventricular mass, which is also essential for optimal ventricular performance after the operation. We report here a case of rapid LV training after ASO in TGA with unprepared LV (because of large ASD and restrictive VSD) despite a high pressure in the LV(due to LVOTO) preoperatively.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Transposition of Great Vessels* ; Ventricular Pressure

Study on some ratios of Doppler echocardiography of 93 patients under 15 years old with a isolated ventricular septal defect, by comparision with control group showed that: 55% patients had pulmonary systolic hypertension, of these 23% severe pulmonary systolic hypertension. There was close correlation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure and: Diameter of defect, and the ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow (Qp/Qs). There was no correlation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure and: Pulmonary artery diameter; Peak gradient between right ventricular and pulmonary artery; Mean gradient between right ventricular and pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Ventricular Function, Left

A study was carried out on the 23 patients (male:10, female: 13) with the mitral stenosid with merely close or combination with the mild mitral open (grade III), ages of 23-50 indicated an operation for seperation of close valve in the Army Central hospital 108 during 1/1998 to 10/1999 in which there were 5 patients with the mitral stenosid, 18 patients with the mitral stenosid in combination with the mitral open grade I, II, 14 patients with the atrial rhythm, 9 patients with atrial fibrillation. The atrial pressure reduced from 15-67 mmHg to 15-45 mmHg. There was a direct proportional between the left atrial and right ventricular pressures
Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Ventricular Pressure ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: Measurement of intracranial pressure(ICP) is important in patients at risk of raised ICP. To evaluate the usefulness of measuring epidural pressure measurements for the estimation of intracranial pressure, we studied the relationship between epidural pressure and ventricular pressure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From Nov. '97 to Jul. '98, 10 patients of extraventricular drainage(Group A) and 12 patients of decompressive craniectomy(Group B) are included in this study. Simultaneous recording of intracranial pressure (ICP) from an air-pouch epidural pressure monitoring system and a ventricular catheter was compared. RESULTS: The epidural pressure group(Group A) showed marked high epidural pressure(32.6+/-13.4mmHg) compared with those of intraventricular pressure, but in decompressive craniectomy group(Group B) shows nearly the same values(2.1+/-6.9mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the available comparison between these two methods of measuring intracranial pressure, in the light of the data we had established and the importance of ICP monitoring in neurosurgical critical care, intradural monitoring technique appears to be our measuring method of choice.
Catheters ; Critical Care ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Ventricular Pressure*

In order to observe the development of arrhythmia during regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Proximal left descending coronary artery(LAD) was ligated for 20 minutes and reperfused suddenly in fifty one cats which were grouped into control(n=16), alpha-receptor block group(n=8), beta-receptor block group (n=9), parasymphathetic system block group (n=10) and autonomic nervous system block group(n=8). In drug infused groups, drug infusion was started 5 minutes prior to occlusion with bolus. Epicardial electrocardiogram, left ventricular pressure and standard ECG(lead I) were simultaneously recorded with the paper speed of 25mm/sec at predetermined time intervals and when arrhythmias occurred, and those were recorded continuousely with the paper speed of 5mm/sec throughout the experiment. The results were as follows : 1) After ligation of LAD, the R wave and ST segment of QRS of epicardial ECG elevated to reach maximum level with first 10 minutes. 2) The incidence of occlusion ventricular tachycardia in autonomic nervous system block group and alpha-receptor block group was significantly lower than control group(P<0.01). 3) The incidence of reperfusion ventricular tachycardial and ventricular fibrillation in autonomic nervous system block group, beta-receptor block group and alpha-receptor block group was significantly lower than control group(P<0.05). 4) The arrhythmia score during LAD occlusion in autonomic nervous system block group and alpha-receptor block group was significantly lower than control group(P<0.05). 5) The arrhythmia score in reperfusion in autonomic nervous system block group, beta-receptor block group and alpha-receptor block group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). It was concluded that the reperfusion arrhythmia could be prevented by alpha-receptor and beta-receptor block. There was the synergism between alpha-receptor blocker and beta-receptor blokcer. But the occlusion arrhythmia was suppressed by only alpha-receptor blocker.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Autonomic Nervous System* ; Cats ; Electrocardiography ; Incidence ; Ligation ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Reperfusion* ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; Ventricular Pressure

Cardiac output depends on the ability of systolic ejection and diastolic filling of the heart. M-mode echocardiography can provide accurate clinical assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. To see whether there are changes of the left ventricular function in asymptomatic hypertensives and if any kind of dysfunction and whether any relationship between the pattern of the ventricular hypertrophy and type of ventricular dysfunction exists, the authors examined the systolic and diastolic function indices of the left ventricle in 50 normotensives and 88 hypertensives composed of 18 patients without left ventricular hypertrophy(group 1), 40 patients with disproportionate septal thickening (group 2) and 30 patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy(group 3). Obtained results were as follows : 1) Blood pressure & left ventricular mass index were increased significantly in each hypertensive group compared to normal control. 2) Ejection fraction & fractional shortening in the hypertensive groups were not different from the normotensive control group. 3) Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time(A2D time) was prolonged in each hypertensive group, especially in group 3. 4) Left atrial emptying index (AEI) was decreased in each hypertensive group. 5) Left ventricular percent ventricular A wave (% VAW) was increased in all hypertensive groups. Above study suggested that the left ventricular diastolic function could be impaired in the hypertensives without associated systolic dysfunction, and the degree of the diastolic dysfunction was not much affected by the type of left ventricular hypertrophy, but the more prolonged A2D time in the concentric hypertrophy group.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Relaxation ; Ventricular Dysfunction ; Ventricular Function, Left

Normally the AC segment of mitral valve echogram consists of a rapid slope, from A peak to C point(complete closure). The initial portion is usually less steep than its final portion ; the latter represents abrupt mitral valve closure secondary to the rapid rise in left ventricular(LV) pressure at the onset of LV systole. The point on the mitral echogram at which closure aburptly accelerates in the B point. In order to see wither or not the echocardiographically recorded mitral valve could reflect alterations in left ventricular pressure, mitral valve echograms and left ventricular pressure were obtained on 30 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The results were as follow : 1) Of 23 patients with LV ejection fraction>55%(71.2%+/-7.9%), 2 had B-bump ; of 7 patients with LV ejection fraction<55%(47.0%+/-4.9%), 5 had B-bump. The difference in frequency of B-bump between the normal LV ejection fraction and the low LV ejection fraction groups was statistically significant(p<0.001). 2) Of 6 patients with LVEDP>5mmHg (17.7mmHg+/-3.6mmHg), 5 had B-bump ; of 24 patients with LVEDP<15mmHg (8.5mmHg+/-2.6mmHg), 2 had B-bump. The difference in frequency of B-bump between the normal LVEDP and the elevated LVEDP groups was statistically significant(p<0.001). 3) Of 22 patients with LV ejection fraction>55%(71.2%+/-7.9%), as well as LVDEP<15mmHg(8.5mmHg+/-2.6mmHg), 1 had B-bump ; Of 5 patients with LV ejection fraction<55%(47.0+/-4.9%), as well as LVEDP>15mmHg(17.8mmHg+/-3.6mmHg), 4 had B-bump. The difference in frequency of B-bump between in normal LV ejection fraction, as well as normal LVEDP and the low LV ejection fraction, as well as elevated LVEDP groups was statistically significant(p<0.001). Thus, the mitral B-bump correlated primarily with LV dysfunction. When properly recorded, the presence of a B-bump is a useful sign of significantl LV dysfunction.
Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Echocardiography* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Systole ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left* ; Ventricular Pressure

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to evaluate the role of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. The hypothesis was that the neonatal tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was related to a transient elevation of right ventricular pressure in the neonatal period, that deviated ventricular septum and pull the anchored septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. The pulled septal leaflet created the incomplete coaptation between the tricuspid valves and the regurgitation. METHODS: We used cross-sectional echocardiography, Doppler and color Doppler echocardiography to measure the normalized ventricular curvature at end-systole, the angle of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve, the type of coaptation of the tricuspid valve, the direction of regurgitation and the peak flow rate of regurgitation in 114 normal newborn babies (87 with TR, 27 without TR). RESULTS: The normalized septal curvature ratio (p=.0113), the angle of the septal leaflet (p=.0023) and the corrected diameter of the tricuspid valve annulus (p=.0008) were related statistically to the presence of TR (not in the angle of the anterior septum). But in the TR group, right ventricular pressure (calculated through peak velocity of TR) had no correlation with the above variables except the grade of TR (p=.002). CONCLUSIONS: One of the pathophysiological aspects of the neonatal TR is mainly related to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve, but the exact pathophysiology of neonatal TR may also be combined with other factors.
Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Tricuspid Valve ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency* ; Ventricular Pressure ; Ventricular Septum