To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills combined with conventional antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Ovid and Web of Science databases were searched by computer to retrieve the randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills combined with conventional antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy from the establishment of databases to July 2020. After two researchers performed data retrieval, data extraction, and risk assessment of bias, they used RevMan 5.3 software for Meta-analysis. A total of 10 RCTs were included, with a total of 979 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that in terms of interventricular septal thickness(MD=-0.70, 95%CI[-1.15,-0.24], P=0.003), left ventricular posterior wall thickness(MD=-0.81, 95%CI[-1.41,-0.21], P=0.008), left ventricular mass index(MD=-8.75, 95%CI[-17.40,-0.10], P=0.05), systolic blood pressure(MD=-8.97, 95%CI[-13.46,-4.48], P<0.000 1), diastolic blood pressure(MD=-5.87, 95%CI[-8.39,-3.34], P<0.000 01) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(MD=-1.73, 95%CI[-2.38,-1.08], P<0.000 01), Compound Danshen Dripping Pills combined with conventional antihypertensive drugs was superior to conventional antihypertensive drugs. In terms of left ventricular ejection fraction(MD=0.41, 95%CI[-0.74, 1.55], P=0.49), there was no statistical difference in treatment between the two groups. Because of the small amount of literatures included in the safety aspect, it is impossible to give an accurate conclusion. The GRADE score showed that the level of evidence was low and extremely low. The results show that the Compound Danshen Dripping Pills combined with conventional antihypertensive drugs may effectively improve the clinical efficacy for hypertensive ventricular hypertrophy, and the safety needs to be further explored. Due to the low quality of the included literatures, more high-quality RCTs are needed for verification.
Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects* ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/drug therapy* ; Stroke Volume ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventricular Function, Left

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on cardiac function and the receptor mechanism in anesthetized rats. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), the left ventricle systolic pressure (LVP) and the maximal/minimum rate of LVP (+/-LV dp/dt(max)) were measured. The results obtained are as follows. (1) Low dose of CCK-8 (0. 4 microgram/kg i.v.) caused tachycardia and slight increase in MAP, LVP and LV dp/dt(max) (P<0.01), while medium dose (4.0 microgram/kg i.v.) and high dose of CCK-8 (40 microgram/kg i.v.) elicited a bradycardia and marked increase in MAP, LVP and LV dp/dtmax (P<0.01). (2) Proglumide (1.0 mg/kg i.v.), a CCK-receptor (CCK-R) antagonist, significantly inhibited the pressor effects of CCK-8, whilst it reversed the bradycardic responses (P<0.01). (3) Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), CCK-A receptor (CCK-AR) and CCK-B receptor (CCK-BR) mRNA were expressed in myocardium of rats. The above results indicate that CCK-8 may enhance cardiac function in a dose-dependent manner and elicit a change in HR, which is likely induced by the activation of CCK-R on myocardium.
Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin ; drug effects ; Sincalide ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects ; Ventricular Pressure ; drug effects

AIMTo investigate the effect of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on cardiac function and its mechanism.

METHODSThe Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted in a stereotaxic apparatus and a guide cannula placed in the left hypophysiotropic area, through which TRH were microinjected in presence or absence of L-NAME and atropine. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), heart rate (HR) and the maximum velocity of ascending or descending in intraventricular pressure (+/- dp/dt(max)) were recorded.

RESULTS(1) TRH microinjected into the hypophysiotropic area induced a significant increase of LVSP, HR, dp/dt and-dp/dt(max) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (2) L-NAME significant increased LVSP and pretreatment with L-NAME inhibited the positive effects induced by TRH. (3) Atropine increased LVSP and dp/dt(max) (P < 0.05), but it significantly descended heart rate (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with atropine weakened the tachycardiac response induced by TRH.

CONCLUSION(1) Hypothalamic TRH can produce positive inotropic and chronotropic response to myocardium. (2) Hypothalamic endogenous NO can descend LVSP, but has no effects on HR, dp/dt(max), and-dp/dt(max). The effect of TRH is through nitric oxide-dependent pathway. (3) Hypothalamic endogenous cholinergic transmitter can produce negative chronotropic and positive inotropic response to myocardium. Hypothalamic TRH mediates cardiac function maybe partly through cholinergic M receptor.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Heart Ventricles ; drug effects ; Hypothalamus ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Diastole ; drug effects ; Female ; Male ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Propanolamines ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of hypertonic saline solution on the left ventricular functions of isolated hearts from burned rats.

METHODSThirty-six Wistar rats were used and divided into 4 groups: (1) normal hearts perfused with isotonic Krebs-Henseleit solution; (2) normal hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution which contained 215 mmol/L Na+; (3) hearts of rats suffered from 25% TBSA third degree burn and perfused with isotonic Krebs-Henseleit solution; (4) hearts of the burned rats perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution which contained 215 mmol/L Na+. The systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle were observed.

RESULTSDuring perfusion, there were very short periods of decrease in heart systolic and diastolic functions at first, but they recovered very soon and even became stronger than normal both in the normal and burned rats. The systolic and diastolic functions of the hearts increased very significantly when the perfusion solution was changed to isotonic solution from the hypertonic solutions. The effect of the hypertonic saline solution on the ventricular systolic and diastolic improvements was stronger in the hearts of the burned rats than that in the normal hearts.

CONCLUSIONSHypertonic saline solution can directly affect myocardium and significantly improve the ventricular systolic and diastolic functions, especially in the hearts of the burned rats.

Animals ; Burns ; physiopathology ; Female ; Heart ; drug effects ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; pharmacology ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects

BACKGROUNDAngiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and β-blockers (βB) have beneficial effects on left ventricular (LV) remodeling, alleviate symptoms and reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However the correlation between the d osages of ACE inhibitors, βB, and recovery of LV structure remains controversial. Clinical factors associated with recovery of normal ventricular structure in CHF patients receiving medical therapy are poorly defined. Here we aimed to identify variables associated with recovery of normal or near-normal structure in patients with CHF.

METHODSWe recruited 231 consecutive CHF outpatients, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40% and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) > 55/50 mm (male/female), who were receiving optimal pharmacotherapy between January 2001 and June 2009, and followed them until December 31, 2009. They were divided into three groups according to LVEDD and whether they were still alive at final follow-up: group A, LVEDD ≤ 60/55 mm (male/female); group B, LVEDD > 60/55 mm (male/female); and group C, those who died before final follow-up. Apart from group C, univariate analysis was performed followed by Logistic multivariate analysis to determine the predictors of recovery of LV structure.

RESULTSA total of 217 patients completed follow-up, and median follow-up time was 35 months (range 6 - 108). Twenty-five patients died during that period; the all-cause mortality rate was 11.5%. Group A showed clinical characteristics as follows: the shortest duration of disease and shortest QRS width, the lowest N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at baseline, the highest dose of βB usage, the highest systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the lowest New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, serum creatinine, uric acid, total bilirubin and NT-proBNP after treatment. Logistic multivariate analysis was performed according to recovery or no recovery of LV structure. Data showed that LVEF at follow-up (P = 0.013), mitral regurgitation at baseline (P = 0.020), LVEDD at baseline (P = 0.031), and βB dosage (P = 0.041) were independently associated with recovery of LV diameter.

CONCLUSIONOur study suggests that four clinical variables may predict recovery of LV structure to normal or near-normal values with optimal drug therapy alone, and may be used to discriminate between patients who should receive optimal pharmacotherapy and those who require more aggressive therapeutic interventions.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Aged ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Heart Ventricles ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

BACKGROUNDMyocardial perfusion associates with clinical syndromes and prognosis. Adenosine could improve myocardial perfusion of acute myocardial infarction within 6 hours, but few data are available on late perfusion of myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed at quantitatively evaluating the value of intracoronary adenosine improving myocardial perfusion in late reperfused MI with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE).

METHODSTwenty-six patients with anterior wall infarcts were divided randomly into 2 groups: adenosine group (n = 12) and normal saline group (n = 14). Their history of myocardial infarction was about 3 - 12 weeks. Adenosine or normal saline was given when the guiding wire crossed the lesion through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), then the balloon was dilated and stent (Cypher/Cypher select) was implanted at the lesion. Contrast pulse sequencing MCE with Sonovue contrast via the coronary route was done before PCI and 30 minutes after PCI. Video densitometry and contrast filled-blank area were calculated with the CUSQ off-line software. Heart function and cardiac events were followed up within 30 days.

RESULTSPerfusion in the segments of the criminal occlusive coronary artery in the adenosine group was better than that in the saline group (5.71 +/- 0.29 vs 4.95 +/- 1.22, P < 0.05). Ischemic myocardial segment was deminished significantly after PCI, but the meliorated area was bigger in the adenosine group than in the saline group ((1.56 +/- 0.60) cm(2) vs (1.02 +/- 0.56) cm(2), P < 0.05). The video densitometry in critical segments was also improved significantly in the adenosine group (5.53 +/- 0.36 vs 5.26 +/- 0.35, P < 0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was improved in all patients after PCI, but EF was not significant between the two groups ((67 +/- 6)% vs (62 +/- 7)%, P > 0.05). There was no in-hospital or 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in the adenosine group but 3 MACE in the saline group in 30 days after PCI.

CONCLUSIONSAdenosine could improve myocardial microvascular perfusion in the late reopening of an occluded infarct related artery (3 to 12 weeks after AMI) and clinical outcome in the follow-up period, and myocardial microvascular perfusion is a powerful predictor of clinical events.

Adenosine ; administration & dosage ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Circulation ; drug effects ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Ventricular Function, Left

BACKGROUNDThe definitive treatment for myocardial ischemia is reperfusion. However, reperfusion injury has the potential to cause additional reversible and irreversible damage to the myocardium. One likely candidate for a cardioprotection is adenosine. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of intravenous adenosine on clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSPatients with STEMI within 12 hours from the onset of symptoms were randomized by 1:1:1 ratio to receive either adenosine 50 µg×kg(-1)×min(-1) (low-dose group, n = 31), or 70 µg×kg(-1)×min(-1) (high-dose group, n = 32), or saline 1 ml/min (control group, n = 27) for three hours. Drugs were given to the patients immediately after the guide wire crossed the culprit lesion. Recurrence of no-reflow, TIMI flow grade (TFG) and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG), and collateral circulation were recorded. The postoperative and preoperative ST segment elevation sum of 18-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and their ratio (STsum-post/STsum-pre) were recorded, as well as the peak time and peak value of CK-MB enzyme. Serial cardiac echo and myocardial perfusion imaging were performed at 24 hours and 6 months post-stenting. The primary endpoint was left ventricular function, and infarct size. The secondary end-point was the occurrence of cardiac and non-cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and heart failure.

RESULTSA total of 90 STEMI patients were studied. No-reflow immediately after stent procedure was seen in 11 (35.5%) patients in the control group, significantly different from 6.3% in the low-dose group or 3.7% in the high-dose group (both P = 0.001). STsum-post/STsum-pre in the low-dose and high-dose groups was significantly different from the control group (low-dose group vs. control group, P = 0.003 and high-dose group vs. control group, P = 0.001), without a dose-dependent pattern (P = 0.238). The peak value of CK-MB enzyme was significantly reduced in the high-dose group compared to the control group (P = 0.024). Compared to the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in control group, LVEF in the low-dose group increased by 5.8% at 24 hours (P = 0.012) and by 10.9% at 6 months (P = 0.007), LVEF in the high-dose group increased by 9.5% at 24 hours (P = 0.001) and by 10.0% at 6 months (P = 0.001), respectively. Significant reduction of infarct size by 24.2% was detected in the high-dose group vs. low-dose or control groups (P = 0.008). There was no significant difference regarding secondary endpoints at 6 months among the treated groups. Cardiac function by NYHA classification in both the low-dose and the high-dose groups was improved significantly (P = 0.013, P = 0.016).

CONCLUSIONIntravenous adenosine administration might significantly reduce the recurrence of no-reflow, with resultant improved left ventricular systolic function. High-dose adenosine was further associated with significant reduction of infarct size.

Adenosine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects

This study aims to systematically review the efficacy and safety of different traditional Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional treatment for patients with post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure. The relevant randomized controlled trial(RCT) was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library with the time interval from inception to May 13, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Network Meta-analysis was then performed in RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.1. A total of 68 RCTs involving 11 traditional Chinese medicine injections and 5 995 patients were included. The results were explained based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).(1) In terms of reducing major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE), the therapies followed the trend of Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment(83.8%) > Yiqi Fumai Injection+conventional treatment(57.1%) > Xuebijing Injection+conventional treatment(56.6%) > Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment(53.1%) > Shenfu Injection+conventional treatment(45.3%) > conventional treatment(4.0%).(2) In terms of increasing left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), the therapies followed the trend of Yiqi Fumai Injection+conventional treatment(84.0%) > Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment(69.6%) > Shenfu Injection+conventional treatment(62.7%) > Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment(61.6%) > Shuxuening Injection+conventional treatment(54.8%) > Shenqi Fuzheng Injection+conventional treatment(46.7%) > Shengmai Injection+conventional treatment(45.9%) > Breviscapine Injection+conventional treatment(39.9%) > Danhong Injection+conventional treatment(38.8%) > Huangqi Injection+conventional treatment(38.7%) > conventional treatment(7.3%).(3) In terms of reducing B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), the therapies followed the trend of Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment(98.6%) > Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment(57.7%) > Shenfu Injection+conventional treatment(52.5%) > Shengmai Injection+conventional treatment(30.1%) > conventional treatment(11.0%).(4) In terms of reducing cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnⅠ), the therapies followed the trend of Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment(92.3%) > Yiqi Fumai Injection+conventional treatment(61.5%) > Shenfu Injection+conventional treatment(51.2%) > Shengmai Injection+conventional treatment(48.1%) > Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment(26.6%) > conventional treatment(20.3%).(5) In terms of reducing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), the therapies followed the trend of Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment(79.9%) > Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment(68.1%) > Shenfu Injection+conventional treatment(63.1%) > Xuebijing Injection+conventional treatment(56.7%) > Shengmai Injection+conventional treatment(51.1%) > Shenqi Fuzheng Injection+conventional treatment(42.8%) > Huangqi Injection+conventional treatment(34.7%) > conventional treatment(3.5%).(6) A total of 22 RCTs reported the occurrence of adverse reactions, mainly involving the damage of the circulatory system, digestive system, and coagulation function. The current evidence suggested that Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment may have the best therapeutic effect in reducing MACE and BNP; Yiqi Fumai Injection+conventional treatment may be the best in increasing LVEF; Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment may be the best in reducing cTnI and hs-CRP. The safety needs further quantitative research and analysis. However, more high-quality RCT is required to validate the above conclusions due to limitations in the quality and quantity of the included studies.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Stroke Volume ; Network Meta-Analysis ; C-Reactive Protein ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy* ; Heart Failure/drug therapy*

BackgroundCardiotoxicity is one of the most serious chronic complications of anthracyclines therapy. Assessment of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) fails to detect subtle cardiac dysfunction of left ventricular (LV). This study aimed to detect and evaluate new parameters of subclinical anthracyclines' cardiotoxicity in children with solid tumor.

MethodsA detailed echocardiographic examination was performed in 36 children with hepatoblastoma or rhabdomyosarcoma after receiving anthracyclines' chemotherapy and 36 healthy controls from January 2015 to December 2016. The LVEF, ratio of early diastolic peak velocity of transmitral flow (E) and septal diastolic e' mitral annular peak velocity (e'), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) were evaluated using M-mode, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE), respectively. Echocardiographic parameters were compared between patient group and healthy controls. All patients were divided into two subgroups based on their anthracyclines' cumulative dosage (<300 mg/m subgroup and ≥300 mg/m subgroup).

ResultsAll patients had no presentation of heart failure and LVEF within normal range (65.7 ± 5.1%). Compared with healthy controls, the mean E/e' increased significantly (7.9 ± 0.7 vs. 10.2 ± 3.5, t = 3.72, P < 0.01), mean TAPSE decreased significantly (17.2 ± 1.3 mm vs. 14.2 ± 3.0 mm, t = -4.03, P < 0.01), and mean LV GLS decreased significantly (-22.2% ± 1.9% vs. -17.9% ± 2.9%, t = -5.58, P < 0.01) in patient group. Compared with subgroup with anthracyclines' cumulative dosage < 300 mg/m, mean LV GLS decreased significantly (-18.7 ± 2.7% vs. -16.5 ± 2.1%, t = 2.15, P = 0.04), the mean E/e' increased significantly (9.1 ± 1.5 vs. 11.5 ± 4.9, t = -2.17, P = 0.04), and mean TAPSE decreased significantly (14.2 ± 2.1 mm vs. 12.5 ± 2.2 mm, t = -2.82, P = 0.02) in subgroup with anthracyclines' cumulative dosage ≥300 mg/m.

ConclusionsLV GLS is helpful in the early detection of subclinical LV dysfunction using 2D-STE. E/e' and TAPSE are other sensitive parameters in detecting subclinical cardiac dysfunction of both ventricles by TDI. These parameters show significant change with different anthracyclines' cumulative dosage, so cumulative dosage should be controlled in clinical treatment.

Anthracyclines ; therapeutic use ; Cardiotoxicity ; diagnosis ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects