Interpositionally grafted arteries and veins were expanded with a 20cc tissue expanders in 50 Sprague-Dawley rats. The grafts were done on both hind legs, one side was expanded and the remaining side was used as control. The average gain in length of expanded grafted arteries and veins was over 4 and 6 times that of the controls respectively. The differences in the patency rates between expanded and control grafts were not statistically significant. Histologic examination revealed that there were no changes in the areas of the media and lengths of the inner elastic laminae of the expanded arterial grafts. In both expanded and control vein grafts, marked intimal thickening was noticed, although these changes were not statistically significant. Expansion of grafted vessels can be safely carried out without loss of vessel patency. Tissue expander, grafted vessels
Animal ; Femoral Artery/*anatomy and histology/transplantation ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; *Tissue Expanders ; Vascular Patency ; Veins/*anatomy and histology/transplantation

Interpositionally grafted arteries and veins were expanded with a 20cc tissue expanders in 50 Sprague-Dawley rats. The grafts were done on both hind legs, one side was expanded and the remaining side was used as control. The average gain in length of expanded grafted arteries and veins was over 4 and 6 times that of the controls respectively. The differences in the patency rates between expanded and control grafts were not statistically significant. Histologic examination revealed that there were no changes in the areas of the media and lengths of the inner elastic laminae of the expanded arterial grafts. In both expanded and control vein grafts, marked intimal thickening was noticed, although these changes were not statistically significant. Expansion of grafted vessels can be safely carried out without loss of vessel patency. Tissue expander, grafted vessels
Animal ; Femoral Artery/*anatomy and histology/transplantation ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; *Tissue Expanders ; Vascular Patency ; Veins/*anatomy and histology/transplantation

Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) provides anatomical information about the kidney and other internal organs. Presently, the suitability of 64-channel MDCT to assess the kidney of healthy micropigs was evaluated. Morphological evaluations of the kidney and the major renal vessels of six healthy micropigs were carried out using MDCT, recording kidney volume and the diameter and length of renal arteries and veins. The mean diameters and lengths of the renal artery were 0.44 +/- 0.05 and 4.51 +/- 0.55 cm on the right side and 0.46 +/- 0.06 and 3.36 +/- 0.27 cm on the left side, respectively. The mean diameters and lengths of the renal vein were 1.44 +/- 0.52 and 4.22 +/- 1.29 cm on the right side and 1.38 +/- 0.17 and 5.15 +/- 0.87 cm on the left side, respectively. The mean volume of the right kidney was 79.3 +/- 14.5 mL and of the left kidney was 78.0 +/- 13.9 mL. The data presented in this study suggest that the MDCT offers a noninvasive, rapid, and accurate method for the evaluation of the renal anatomy in living kidney donors. It also provides sufficient information about extra-renal anatomy important for donor surgery and determination of organ suitability.
Animals ; Kidney/*anatomy & histology/blood supply ; Kidney Transplantation/methods/*veterinary ; Male ; Renal Artery/*anatomy & histology ; Renal Veins/*anatomy & histology ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature/*anatomy & histology ; Tissue and Organ Procurement/methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods/*veterinary

This study was to evaluate the value of dual-source CT in the preoperative assessment of living donor kidneys. We collected fifty-five consecutive living kidney donors (male 35, female 20, average age, 39 years old), and performed dual-source CT scan. The plain scan, pre-enhanced arterial phase and venous phase examinations were performed, with the scan level ranged from the 11th thoracic vertebral body to the iliac crest. All the basic images were reconstructed using volume rendering(VR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) techniques to evaluate the anatomical location and variation of renal arteries and veins, and the morphology and function of kidney and urinary tract. All the 55 cases were successful, with completion of CT scan and clear images. 46 cases among the all cases had normal renal arteries and veins, while 6 cases had accessory arteries, 2 cases had pre-hilar renal artery branching, and 1 case had vein variation. For the renal parenchymas, 48 cases were normal, while 2 cases had angiomyolipoma and 5 cases had cortical cyst. There were no variation and disease in upper urinary tract. Compared with the surgical findings, the diagnostic accuracy was 100% with dual-source CT. In conclusion, the dual-source CT can accurately evaluate the vessel of kidney, renal parenchyma and upper urinary tract of living renal donors, can provide reliable imaging information for screening of living donor kidney and can help make operation program in living kidney transplantation.
Adult ; Angiography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; Kidney Transplantation ; methods ; Living Donors ; Male ; Preoperative Period ; Renal Artery ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Renal Veins ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVE: To determine the histocompatibility and histoconstancy of bovine jugular vein conduit (BJVC) treated by dye-mediated photooxidation following decellularization before and after implantation in Wistar rats. METHODS: Each of 20 fresh bovine jugular veins with a retained native valve procured from a slaughterhouse was cut into 4 trial patches with valves, which were randomly divided into 4 groups. The 4 groups were treated respectively by dye-mediated photooxidation(DMP), glutaraldehyde(GA), decellularization(DC), and dye-mediated photooxidation following decellularization (DC+DMP). One of the trial patches in each group was implanted subcutaneously in the same Wistar rat. Two months later, all trial rats were killed and the specimens were retrieved. Tissue protein extraction was used to estimate the cross-linked degree of BJVC treated by dye-mediated photooxidation following decellularization. To observe the morphologic properties of the specimens, HE staining and electron microscopes were used. RESULTS: Compared with others, the patches in the DC+DMP group were flexible, stretched, and relatively intact; lining endothelium was comparatively smooth; collagen fiber structure was slightly loose intact; and many cells were uniformly infiltrated in all layers. CONCLUSION BJVC treated by dye-mediated photooxidation following decellularization is superior to others in histocompatibility, and the rate of degradation can be regulated by the degree of dye-mediated photooxidation.
Animals ; Bioprosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Cattle ; Cell Separation ; Jugular Veins ; anatomy & histology ; transplantation ; ultrastructure ; Materials Testing ; Oxidants, Photochemical ; pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of establishing a model of allograft penile transplantation in adult beagle dogs and explore the conditions for constructing a stable animal model of penis transplant. METHODS: Following the principles of similarity, repeatability, feasibility, applicability, and controllability in the construction of experimental animal models, we compared the major anatomic features of the penis of 20 adult beagle dogs with those of 10 adult men. Using microsurgical techniques, we performed cross-transplantation of the penis in the 20 (10 pairs) beagle dogs and observed the survival rate of the transplanted penises by FK506+MMF+MP immune induction. We compared the relevant indexes with those of the 10 cases of microsurgical replantation of the amputated penis. RESULTS: High similarities but no statistically significant differences were observed in penile anatomic features between the 20 beagle dogs and 10 men. All the 10 cases of cross-transplantation of the penis were successfully completed in the 20 beagle dogs, of which the transplanted glans survived with normal micturition in 12 but developed necrosis in the other 8; the success rate of one-time venous anastomosis was 95.0% (38/40) and that of one-time arterial anastomosis was 87.5% (35/40), with an average vascular anastomosis time of (71.0±9.0) minutes, a mean operation time of (133.0±10.3) minutes, and a mean blood loss of (135.8±41.4) ml. In the 10 cases of penile replantation, the success rate of one-time venous anastomosis was 100% (20/20) and that of one-time arterial anastomosis was 90.0% (18/20), with an average vascular anastomosis time of (65.0±7.9) minutes, a mean operation time of (117.4±10.0) minutes, and a mean blood loss of (85.0±10.8) ml. In the 12 cases of replantation of the amputated penis, the success rate of one-time venous anastomosis was 100% (24/24) and that of one-time arterial anastomosis was 95.8% (23/24), with an average vascular anastomosis time of (79.0±17.6) minutes, a mean operation time of (125.0±20.6) minutes, and a mean blood loss of (140.0±44.3) ml. No statistically significant differences were found in the relevant indexes among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS The anatomic structure of the corpus cavernosum penis of beagle dogs is highly similar to that of men, almost the same in cross-section anatomy. Microsurgical replantation and allograft transplantation of the penis were both successfully performed in beagle dogs, which showed similar operative indexes to those of human penile replantation. The construction of the allograft penile transplantation model in adult beagle dogs is feasible clinically, with the advantages of operability and repeatability.
Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Animals ; Arteries ; surgery ; Dogs ; Feasibility Studies ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Models, Animal ; Necrosis ; etiology ; Operative Time ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; transplantation ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Replantation ; Survival Rate ; Urination ; Veins ; surgery