No abstract available.
Vasodilation*

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that induction of general anesthesia using sevoflurane improves the accuracy of non-invasive hemoglobin (SpHb) measurement of Masimo Radical-7(R) Pulse CO-Oximetry by inducing peripheral vasodilation and increasing the perfusion index (PI). The aim of this study is to investigate the change in the SpHb and the PI measured by Rad7 during induction of general anesthesia using sevoflurane. METHODS: The laboratory hemoglobin (Hb(lab)) was measured before surgery by venous blood sampling. The SpHb and the PI was measured twice; before and after the induction of general anesthesia using sevoflurane. The changes of SpHb, Hb(bias) (Hb(bias) = SpHb - Hb(lab)), and PI before and after the induction of general anesthesia were analyzed using a paired t-test. Also, a Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the Hb(bias) and the PI. RESULTS: The SpHb and the PI were increased after the induction of general anesthesia using sevoflurane. There was a statistically significant change in the Hb(bias) from -2.8 to -0.7 after the induction of general anesthesia. However, the limit of agreement (2 SD) of the Hb(bias) did not change after the induction of general anesthesia. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the Hb(bias) and the PI was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: During induction of general anesthesia using sevoflurane, the accuracy of SpHb measurement was improved and precision was not changed. The correlation between Hb(bias) and PI was not significant.
Anesthesia, General* ; Perfusion* ; Vasodilation

No abstract available.
Antioxidants* ; Propofol* ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Thiopental* ; Vasodilation*

BACKGROUND: Thoracoscopic T2 sympathicotomy is an effective method for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Not only are the symptoms of hyperhidrosis abolished but also the temperature of the ipsilateral palm is elevated due to the sympatholytic vasodilation after the completion of the sympathicotomy on the first side. However little is known about the temperature changes in the contralateral palm. This study was performed to evaluate the changes in both palmar temperatures during the thoracoscopic T2 sympathicotomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thoracoscopic T2 sympathicotomy was performed in 15 patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Surface temperatures of both palms were monitored continuously and were recorded simultaneously during the 7 different stages of the operation. RESULT: When T2 sympathicotomy was performed on the first(left) side, an ipsilateral increase with a contralateral decrease of temperature was observed. The difference in the temperature of both palms was greatest just before the sympathicotomy on the contralateral(right) side(Lt. 34.6+/-0.9degree C vs. Rt. 31.6+/-1.3degree C, p<0.0001). After the sympathicotomy on the second(right) side, temperature of the right palm was elevated. The difference in the temperature of both palms was abolished at the end of the operation(Lt.34.7+/-0.9degree C vs. Rt.34.4+/-1.0degree C, P=0.415). CONCLUSION: When T2 sympathicotomy was performed on the first side, an ipsilateral palmar temperature increased due to the sympatholytic vasodilation. However contralateral palmar temperature decreased due to a vasoconstriction. Although the mechanism of vasoconstriction is still unknown, it is postulated that there may be a cross- inhibitory effect by the post-ganglionic neurons innervating blood vessels of the palm.
Blood Vessels ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis* ; Neurons ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation

Purpose of this study is to evaluate the temperature lowering effects of the local cold air application on the skin surface and the muscle of different depth, and to observe whether the rebound rise of the temperature occurs after the cold air application. Subjects were prepared in a relaxed prone position. Cold air of CRAis(Kyung-won Century, Korea) was applied to the gluteal area of 20 healthy subjects for 5 minutes. The skin and intramuscular temperatures were measured by a thermogram(Infrared system, Sweden) and digital thermometers(Barnant company, USA). The temperatures were measured before and 30 seconds after the cold air application, and then every 5 minutes for the next 110 minutes. The few variables were considered that might affect the temperature changes. The thermometer-probes were inserted into the outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle below 5 cm from the iliac crest with the depth of 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm respectively. ANOVA was used for the analysis of the data. The resting temperature of the skin surface was 32.6+/-1.2oC, and the lowest temperature was 12.9+/-3.3oC after 5 minutes of cold air application. The resting intramuscular temperatures with 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm depth were 36.5+/-0.2oC, 36.9+/-0.2oC, and 37.1+/-0.2oC respectively (p<0.05). The lowest temperature in 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm depth was 35.1+/-0.7oC, 36.2+/-0.4oC, and 36.9+/-0.3oC respectively(p<0.05). The mean duration to reach the lowest temperature was 20, 25, and 45 minutes respectively. The temperatures in the skin and the muscle with the depth of 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm after 2 hours on cold air application were 32.2+/-1.1oC, 36.2+/-0.5oC, 36.6+/-0.3oC, and 36.9+/-0.3oC(p<0.05) respectively. The temperatures in the skin and the muscle were significantly lower after 2 hours than before the cold air application(p<0.05). The change of skin surface temperature was more rapid than that of the muscle and the deeper the muscle was the lesser the temperature change. In conclusion, the effect of cold air application for 5 minutes lasts up to 2 hours and the rebound rise of the temperature due to reactive vasodilatation seems not to occur in the gluteal muscle.
Cryotherapy ; Prone Position ; Skin Temperature ; Skin* ; Vasodilation

PURPOSE: This report presents a procedure for performing power Doppler ultrasound-guided sialography using the phenomenon of increased blood flow and illustrates its application to practical patient cases.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The salivary gland was scanned using ultrasound equipment (GE LOGIQ5 Expert® device; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) to identify pathological findings related to the patient's chief complaint. To identify the orifice of the main duct, it should be cannulated using a lacrimal dilator. After inserting the catheter into the cannulated main duct, the position of the catheter within the duct was confirmed by ultrasound. A contrast agent was injected until the patient felt fullness, and ultrasound (B-mode) was used to confirm whether the contrast agent filled the main canal and secondary and tertiary ducts. Then, power Doppler ultrasound was performed to determine whether the salivary gland had increased blood flow.RESULTS: In 2 cases in this report, a power Doppler ultrasound scan showed a significant increase in blood flow after contrast medium injection, which was not observed on a preoperative scan.CONCLUSION: Power Doppler ultrasound was found to be a simple, safe, and effective tool for real-time sialography monitoring.
Catheters ; Humans ; Salivary Glands ; Sialography ; Ultrasonography ; Vasodilation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The achievement of maximal vasodilatation is mandatory for obtaining valid measurements of the coronary flow reserve (CFR) and the fractional flow reserve (FFR). Recent studies have indicated that an incremental dose or a high dose of adenosine is necessary to achieve maximal hyperemia. We performed this study to examine the response of the physiologic parameters to different doses and to different methods of administration of adenosine in Koreans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: CFR: The CFR was measured in 25 consecutive patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries by using a Doppler wire. Three different doses (9, 18 and 36 microgram in the left coronary artery (LCA), and 6, 12 and 24 microgram in the right coronary artery (RCA)) of adenosine were used. FFR: In a phase I study, 102 consecutive patients with 188 intermediate lesions (160 LCA and 28 RCA lesions) underwent FFR measurements with using a pressure wire. Three different bolus doses (20, 40 and 80 microgram) were administered in an incremental fashion. In a phase II study, the hyperemic efficacy of 3 different doses of intracoronary (IC) infusion (180, 240 and 300 microgram/min) and of 3 methods of administration (IC infusion, intravenous infusion and IC bolus) were compared. RESULTS: CFR: The higher 2nd dose of adenosine had a tendency to achieve a higher CFR than the lower 1st dose. But when we increased the adenosine to more than 20 microgram (LCA 36 and RCA 24 microgram), there was a tendency towards obtaining a lower CFR than that obtained after the 2nd dose of adenosine (LCA: 2.78+/-0.71 vs. 2.66+/-0.60, p=0.055, RCA: 3.19+/-0.88 vs. 3.04+/-0.80, p=0.86). FFR: Phase I: The dose of adenosine that achieved maximal hyperemia was 51+/-16 microgram in the LCA and 35+/-20 microgram in the RCA. In 73 (46%) of the LCA lesions and 12 (42%) of the RCA lesions, a further reduction of the FFR occurred when a higher dose of adenosine was used (LCA>40 ug, RCA>20 microgram). Phase II: The FFR obtained after an IC bolus injection (0.83+/-0.06) was significantly higher than obtained with an IV infusion (0.79+/-0.07) and an IC (0.78+/-0.09) infusion (p<0.01). However, no difference in the FFR was observed for the IC and IV infusions. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that more than 20 microgram adenosine does not have an additive effect on measuring the CFR. Adenosine 40 microgram for the LAD and 20 microgram for the RCA seems to be optimal as a intracoronary bolus injection for measuring the FFR in most cases. However, for the patients with borderline FFR, a higher bolus adenosine dose or an adenosine continuous infusion may be necessary.
Adenosine* ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Vasodilation

OBJECTIVE: We present an evaluation of the clinical outcome and an investigation of the optimal use of papaverine angioplasty for the treatment of symptomatic vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed 24 cases of symptomatic vasospasm treated by papaverine angioplasty from July 1994 to February 1998. Detailed clinical features and detailed techniques of papaverine angioplasty including sex, age, symptoms, time interval from symptom onset to angioplasty, papaverine dose, concentration and duration of infusion were investigated. RESULTS: After papaverine angioplasty, immediate angiographic vasodilatation was achieved in 23 cases (96%). Fifty eight percent showed clinical improvement within 24 hours but symptomatic vasospasm recurred in 21% of them. Retreatment with papaverine for the recurred cases showed a less response than the initial treatment. Statistical analyses showed that time interval from symptom onset to angioplasty was the factor related to the effects of papaverine angioplasty. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that optimal timing of papaverine angioplasty is very important for clinical improvement.
Angioplasty* ; Papaverine* ; Retreatment ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vasodilation ; Vasospasm, Intracranial*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Flow-mediated brachial artery vasoactivity has been proposed as a noninvasive means for assessing endothelial function. The present study is designed to assess the influence of aging on endothelial function and when vasoactivity developed initially, peaked. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We measured brachial artery diameter for 60 seconds continuously using 7.5 MHz ultrasound following 5 minutes of lower arm occlusion in 22 normal volun-teers (young group: 10 volunteers, 26.5+/-1.9 years; old group: 12 volunteers, 55.9+/-3.3 years). After sublingual administration of 0.6 mg nitroglycerine, 240 seconds continuously. And then we measure vasoactivity every 3 seconds. RESULTS: Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was started earlier in young group (24.3+/-2.8 sec; old group 28.8+/-3.6 sec, p=0.017). After release of occlusion, peak vasoacitivity time was at 35.5+/-4.7 seconds and peak vasoactivity was 8.4+/-1.7% in young group (old group 6.9+/-1.5%, p=0.099). Endothelial independent vasodilation (EID) was started at 80.7+/-13.3 seconds after sublingual nitroglycerine in young group (vs 80.0+/-19.0 sec), peaked at 177.5+/-16.9 seconds (vs 171.3+/-13.8 sec). Peak vasoactivity was higher in young group (19.1+/-3.1%; old group 15.9+/-2.5%, p=0.033). CONCLUSION: We conclude that 1) Aging has influence on endothelial function about initiating time of vasoactivity as well as peak vaso- activity. 2) FMD can be measured around 50 seconds after release of brachial artery occlusion and EID at 180 seconds after application of sublingual nitroglycerine. 3) The initiating time of vasoactivity (under 30 seconds) can be used for evaluation of endothelial function.
Administration, Sublingual ; Aging* ; Arm ; Brachial Artery ; Nitroglycerin ; Ultrasonography* ; Vasodilation ; Volunteers

In this study, we prepared alcohol extracts of the larva, pupa, queen, and cocoon (clony) of B. ignitus, B. terrestris, and B. h. sapporoensis, and tested the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts by using a rat model of adjuvant-induced edema. The extracts derived from the queen of B. ignitus, the queen of B. terrestris, and the cocoon of B. ignitus decreased hind paw edema after 1 day of i.p. administration. These extracts also induced vasorelaxation and NO production in calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells. These results suggest that bumblebee alcohol extracts has anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant properties.
Animals ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Larva ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pupa ; Rats ; Vasodilation