PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR findings of dural arteriovenous fistula(DAVF) in the cavernous sinus and to determine the most useful imaging method for the diagnosis of DAVF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the MR findings of 12 patients in whom DAVF was diagnosed in the cavernous sinus on the basis of angiographic findings. Axial T1- and T2-weighted, and axial and coronal Gd-enhanced T1-weighted images with 3-6mm slice thickness had been obtained, and the findings of DAVF on three pulse sequences were examined and compared. On the basis of the detection of DAVF on three pulse sequences, the MR findings were graded as excellent, fair or poor, and the location of DAVF in the cavernous sinus was analysed. We also classified DAVFs as group A or B on the basis of MR findings (group A: lesions in the cavernous sinus were as large as or larger than the cavernous internal carotid artery; group B: these were smaller than the cavernous internal carotid artery) and compared with cognard type on angiogram. RESULTS: Multiple tortuous signal voids were found in all DAVFs. The signal voids were located mainly in the middle and posterior one third of the cavernous sinus, as seen on axial images, and the middle and inferior one third, as seen on coronal images. Axial and coronal enhanced T1-weighted images showed an excellent grade in 11 of 12 cases and a fair grade in 1 of 12. Axial T2-weighted images showed an excellent grade in 6 of 12 cases and a fair grade in 4 of 12. T1-weighted images showed an excellent grade in 4 of 12 cases and a fair grade in 6 of 12. Six cases were group A, and 5 of the 6 were Cognard type IIa or IIb; The other 6 cases were group B, 5 of the 6 were Cognard type I. CONCLUSION: MR findings of multiple tortuous signal voids in the cavernous sinus, especially in the posterior or inferior portion, suggest DAVF, and enhanced T1-weighted imaging could be the most useful sequence for its diagnosis.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cavernous Sinus* ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations* ; Diagnosis ; Humans

Transvenous coil embolization has been successfully applied for the treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSDAVF). Unfortunately, the technique cannot be applied in cases of poor or absent inferior petrosal sinus or facial venous access route to the fistula. Recently, we experienced a successful embolization using direct superior ophthalmic vein approach in cases of CSDAVF which were no opacification of inferior petrosal sinus or facial vein.
Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula ; Cavernous Sinus ; Caves ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations ; Endovascular Procedures ; Fistula ; Veins

An extracranial carotid artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition that is caused by various types of arteritis, trauma and infectious causes. Generally, a pseudoaneurysm may be difficult to treat surgically when dissecting the paraaeurysmal fibrotic dense inflammatory tissues. The surgical management of a peudoaneurysm of the carotid artery involves a risk of nerve and arterial injury. This paper reports the repair of a carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after the proximal and distal control of the internal carotid artery using a Pruitt-Inahara shunt (P-I shunt) and the distal control of the external carotid artery using a small sized occlusion balloon catheter.
Adult ; Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula/*surgery ; Human ; Male ; Vascular Surgical Procedures

In this report, we present a rare case of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula that was occluded during the interventional procedure by incidentally formed blood clot. Sudden occlusion of the fistula and the resolution process of the precarious blood clot can be clearly seen on the serial angiogram.
Vascular Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Male ; Incidental Findings ; Humans ; Craniocerebral Trauma/*complications ; Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula/etiology/*radiography/*surgery ; Carotid Artery Thrombosis/*etiology/*radiography ; Adult

Transradial access is a widely accepted method for percutaneous coronary diagnostic and interventional procedures, and it has dramatically reduced access site vascular complications compared to transfemoral access. Arteriovenous fistula formation at the access site is an especially rare complication in transradial access. We report an extremely rare case of delayed radial arteriovenous fistula that developed one year after transradial coronary angiography, which was successfully treated by surgical repair.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Coronary Angiography ; Vascular Diseases

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is known to possibly complicate lumbar disc surgery. Delayed development of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula also has been reported as a rare complication after lumbar surgery. We report a case of postsurgically developed spinal dural/epidural arteriovenous fistula treated with n-butyl cyanoacrylate.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations ; Cyanoacrylates ; Spine

Spinal AVMs consist of various congenital and acquired vascular diseases which may result in spinal neurological deficit. The anigoarchitecture of these diseases are often difficult to analyze while the risk of treatment is high due to the eloquence of the spinal cord. Recently, the understanding of the anatomy of the spinal vessels, the characteristics of the spinal vascular diseases, and the efficacy of endovascular management has grown. The purpose of this review is to introduce the latest understanding of these diseases and its management strategies.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Vascular Diseases ; Spine* ; Vascular Diseases* ; Vascular Malformations

Carotid artery-internal jugular vein arteriovenous fistula is very rare, but it should be suspected in case of vascular injury by neck trauma because the diagnosis may be missed due to anatomical complexity of neck. We report a 57-year old male who had the carotid artery-jugular vein arteriovenous fistula caused by gunshot injury in the neck 44 years ago.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Diagnosis ; Fistula ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Vascular System Injuries ; Veins

Pseudo-Kaposis sarcoma is a self-limited process associated with vascular malformations, without the neoplastic character of real Kaposis sarcoma. In most cases, it has been associated with an underlying congenital arterial venous fistula and chronic venous insufficiency, We present a case of Pseudo-Kaposis's sarcoma developing after plagment of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in a patient wiith chronic renal failure and review cases reported in articles.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Dialysis* ; Sarcoma* ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; Vascular Malformations ; Venous Insufficiency

We present a rare case of dural arteriovenous fistula of the anterior condylar vein presenting with conjunctival injection and proptosis, and pulsatile tinnitus on the right side. A two-session transvenous and transarterial embolization, using fibered pushable coils and n-butyl cyanoacrylate, respectively, resulted in complete obliteration of the fistula without complication. The angioarchitecture, pathophysiology, and management of the fistula will be discussed.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations* ; Cyanoacrylates ; Exophthalmos ; Fistula ; Tinnitus ; Veins*