Humans ; Vascular Stiffness ; Coal Mining ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Coal ; Miners

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in China type 2 diabetic patients and to demonstrate the relationships between putative risk factors and PAD.

METHODSIn total 1,397 type 2 diabetic patients aged 50 years and older were enrolled and determined ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in 15 Class III Grade A hospitals in 7 major cities of China.

RESULTSMean patient age was 63.7 +/- 8.2 years and mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 9.39 +/- 7.4 years. Two hundreds and seventy-two (19.47%) patients were diagnosed as PAD by ABI < 0.9, 122 (18.37%) in male and 150 (20.46%) in female. PAD patients had a significantly longer duration of diabetes mellitus, higher hemoglobin A1c, and a significantly lower mean body mass index than non-PAD ones. Aging, smoking, and systolic blood pressure were found to be positively related with the prevalence of PAD. In terms of lipid profiles, no variable was found to relate with PAD. Notably, baPWV showed as the same significant guiding index for PAD, almost matched with ABI.

CONCLUSIONSPAD is a common complication in China type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, PAD screening and treatment should be emphasized for diabetic patients with high risk factors.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

INTRODUCTION: An echocardiographic calcium score (ECS) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. Its utility in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is unknown. METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed 125 patients on PD. The ECS (range 0-8) was compared between subjects with CVD and those without. RESULTS: Among the subjects, 54 had CVD and 71 did not. Subjects with CVD were older (69 years vs. 56 years, P < 0.001) and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (81.5% vs. 45.1%, P < 0.001). They had lower diastolic blood pressure (72 mmHg vs. 81 mmHg, P < 0.001), lower phosphate (1.6 mmol/L vs. 1.9 mmol/L, P = 0.002), albumin (30 g/L vs. 32 g/L, P = 0.001), parathyroid hormone (34.4 pmol/L vs. 55.8 pmol/L, P = 0.002), total cholesterol (4.5 vs. 4.9, P = 0.047), LDL cholesterol (2.4 mmol/L vs. 2.8 mmol/L, P = 0.019) and HDL cholesterol (0.8 mmol/L vs. 1.1 mmol/L, P = 0.002). The ECS was found to be higher in subjects with CVD than in those without (2 vs. 1, P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, only DM and age were independently associated with CVD. CONCLUSION The ECS was significantly higher in PD patients with CVD than in those without, reflecting a higher vascular calcification burden in the former. It is a potentially useful tool to quantify vascular calcification in PD patients.
Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Calcium ; Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects* ; Vascular Calcification/epidemiology* ; Echocardiography

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and etiologies of celiac axis stenosis in asymptomatic individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study involved 400 consecutive patients (male: 319, female: 81) referred to us for celiac arteriography between April and July 1999. When celiac axis branches were opacified by collateral circu-lation during superior mesenteric arteriography, the presence of celiac axis stenosis was suspected; lateral projection celiac rteriography was performed and the pressure gradient was measured. The indicators used to determine whether or not celiac axis stenosis was significant were luminal narrowing of more than 50% and a resultant pressure gradient of at least 10 mmHg. Its etiology was deter-mined on the basis of angiographic appearances and CT findings. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (7.3%) had celiac axis stenosis. The etiology of the condition was extrinsic compression due to the median arcuate ligament in 16 patients (55%) and atherosclerosis in three (10%), while in ten (35%) it was not determined. The incidence of celiac axis stenosis did not vary significantly according to sex, age and the presence of calcified aortic plaque representing atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: The incidence of hemodynamically significant celiac axis stenosis in this asymptomatic Korean population was 7.3% and the most important etiology was extrinsic compression by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm. Atherosclerosis was only a minor cause of the condition.
Angiography ; *Celiac Artery ; Constriction, Pathologic/epidemiology/etiology/radiography ; Female ; Human ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Age ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/*radiography ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Long-term results of orthotopic heart transplantation vary among different institutions. The purpose of the present study was to assess the factors, which might affect long-term survival and complications. Between November 1992 and July 2003, 112 heart transplantations (M/F=89: 23) were performed. The standard technique was used in the first 57 patients and the bicaval technique in the latter 55 patients. Indications for transplantation in decreasing order of frequency were dilated cardiomyopathy (75%), ischemic cardiomyopathy (7%), and others (18%). The mean follow up duration was 51.8 +/- 31.3 months with 98 patients remaining alive. Preoperatively, all patients were either in NYHA functional class III or IV. Postoperatively, all patients showed improvement to functional class II or I, except 3 patients that remained in NYHA class III. The mean number of rejection cases within the first year was 0.6 +/- 0.8, with humoral rejection noted in 3 cases. The graft vascular disease (GVD) -free survival at 3 and 5 years was 96% and 83%, respectively. The 7-year survival after heart transplantation was 84%. There were 16 deaths, of which infection (n=4) was the most common followed by rejection (n=3), and malignancy (n=2). The present long-term results, were relatively superior to those seen in western countries. The relatively low GVD-free survival rate is thought to have contributed. The complications encountered after transplantation were mostly immunosuppressive drug related, suggesting further potentials for improvement in long-term survival.
Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Rejection/epidemiology ; *Heart Transplantation/mortality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney/blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Vascular Diseases/epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and correlative risk factors among natural population in China.

METHODSAnkle brachial index (ABI) was measured by trained doctors and related data were collected in residents from Beijing, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangdong, Neimenggu, and Xinjiang selected through cluster multistage and random sampling method. PAD was defined as an ABI < or = 0.9 in either leg.

RESULTSThe prevalence of PAD among 21 152 eligible participants was 3.08%, the standardized prevalence was 3.04%. The prevalence in males and females was 2.52% and 3.66% and the standardized prevalence was 1.84% and 4.31% respectively, the prevalence rate was significantly lower in males than that in females (P < 0.01). The prevalence in both males and females increased significantly in proportion to aging (P < 0.01). The prevalence in Han Chinese was significantly higher than that in non-Han Chinese (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that older age, female gender, Han Chinese, waist circumference, smoking, lipid disorder, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and a history of ischemic stroke were associated with the increased prevalence of PAD. Incidence of known PAD was 1.38% in this cohort.

CONCLUSIONSOlder age, female gender, Han Chinese, waist circumference, smoking, lipid disorder, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and a history of ischemic stroke were associated with the increased prevalence of PAD in natural Chinese population.

Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Brachial Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of childhood excessive adiposity on long-term risk of adult carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness.

METHODSAt baseline, in 1987, by using stratified cluster sampling design, 3 198 healthy children aged 6-18 were recruited from six primary schools and six middle schools from three districts (Chaoyang, Xicheng, and Haidian) in Beijing, with blood pressure, weight, height and left scapular skinfold thickness (LSSF) measured. From April 2010 to July 2012, 1 225 subjects were followed from childhood to adulthood. Questionnaire, biochemistry parameters, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were measured at follow-up. Based on weight statuses in childhood and adulthood, subjects were classified into four groups (persistent non-overweight from childhood to adulthood, overweight in childhood but non-overweight in adulthood, non-overweight in childhood but overweight in adulthood, persistent overweight from childhood to adulthood). Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between weight statuses changing from childhood to adulthood and adult high cfPWV and high cIMT.

RESULTSThe prevalence of overweight (including obesity) at adulthood was 52.2% (639). Males had higher prevalence of smoking (62.5%(422/675) vs 29.4%(160/550), χ(2)=133.21, P<0.001), drinking (52.1%(353/675) vs 26.1%(140/550), χ(2)=87.13, P<0.001), overweight (including obesity) (69.3% (468/675) vs 31.1% (171/550), χ(2)=182.18, P< 0.001) than females. With adjusting for gender, age, and length of follow-up, the risk of high cfPWV and high cIMT increased by 26% and 58% for 1 units increase in BMI, and by 30% and 36% for 1 units increase in LSSF. Compared to subjects with persistent non-overweight from childhood to adulthood, subjects with overweight in childhood but non-overweight in adulthood had similar risks of high cfPWV (OR=1.59, 95%CI: 0.77-3.30)and high cIMT (OR=1.47, 95%CI:0.65-3.31). The risks of high cfPWV and high cIMT increased among subjects with non-overweight in childhood but overweight in adulthood (OR=1.92, 95%CI:1.37-2.68; OR=3.69, 95% CI:2.61- 5.23) and among subjects with persistent overweight from childhood to adulthood (OR=2.53, 95%CI:1.70-3.76; OR=5.37, 95%CI:3.62-7.97).

CONCLUSIONSWe concluded that a overweight children changed to a healthy weight adult, the risks of adult subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness would not be increased.

Adiposity ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Atherosclerosis ; epidemiology ; Beijing ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; epidemiology ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Pediatric Obesity ; epidemiology ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Stiffness

OBJECTIVE: To explore the cause, the clinical manifestation and the management of peripheral vascular complications after cardiac catheterization. METHODS: Clinical data of patients with peripheral vascular complications were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 4,531 patients, 122 (2.7%) had peripheral vascular complications, including local hematoma (86 cases, 1.90%), pseudoaneurysm (15 cases, 0.33%), arteriovenous fistula (8 cases, 0.18%), femoral venous thrombosis (5 cases, 0.11%), excessive hemorrhage (5 cases, 0.11%), femoral arterial thrombosis (2 cases, 0.04%), and femoral nerve malfunction (1 case, 0.02%). All complications were relieved after conservative therapy except that one case needed surgery. CONCLUSION Peripheral vascular complications are associated with anticoagulation, diabetes, and hypertension. Prognosis of overwhelming complications is good, as long as patients are treated timely and appropriately.
Adult ; Aneurysm, False ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Cardiac Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Catheter Ablation ; adverse effects ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hematoma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amputation ; economics ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Comorbidity ; Conservative Treatment ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; economics ; Diabetic Foot ; economics ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Female ; Foot Deformities, Acquired ; economics ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Foot Injuries ; economics ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Health Care Costs ; Hospitalization ; economics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Joint Diseases ; economics ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Length of Stay ; economics ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Ischemia ; epidemiology ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Wound Infection ; economics ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between marital status and prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) among Beijing residents.

METHODSFrom May to August 2007, 10 054 residents were interviewed to collect demographic and biochemistry information. Generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the relationship between marital status and prevalence of PAD in terms of OR and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTSAfter adjusting the traditional risk factors including age, area, lipid, serum glucose, blood pressure, central obesity, smoking, drinking and physical activities for PAD, relationship between marital status and prevalence of PAD was found both at the female and male groups of those with 45 years or older. Compared with married men, OR and 95% confidence interval of PAD for unmarried men were 1.56 (0.39 - 6.35) and 1.61 (0.77 - 3.35) for those with 45 years younger and older respectively, while compared with married women, OR and 95% confidence interval of PAD for unmarried women were 0.75 (0.22 - 2.57) and 1.78 (1.23 - 2.58) for those with 45 years younger and older respectively. Significant differences (all P < 0.01) were found between married and unmarried women of 45 years or older in terms of age, waist circumstances, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and smoking.

CONCLUSIONSPeripheral arterial disease was related to marital status for women of 45 years or older among Beijing residents. Estrogen level and the distribution of other PAD risk factors might contribute to the observed finding.

Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; epidemiology ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Male ; Marital Status ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; epidemiology ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; epidemiology