No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases* ; Thrombolytic Therapy*

Cardiovascular disease, including stroke, is one of the major causes of death in diabetes. Numerous studies have long suggested reducing macrovascular complication such as ischemic vascular disease through intensive glycemic control, but none was successful proving the effect of glycemic control. Recently, new possibilities in cardiovascular disease reduction have been proposed through cardiovascular safety trials of newly developed anti-hyperglycemic agents. The purpose of this review is to introduce the traditional and newly developed anti-diabetic medications and review their effects regarding cardiovascular outcomes mainly focusing on stroke.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drug Therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Stroke ; Vascular Diseases

Development of pseudomembranes in the gastrointestinal tract during acute inflammatory or vascular disease has been confined to the small and/or large bowel, with rare occurrences in the esophagus. Primary gut involvement by Aspergillus is a rare and often fatal complication of intensive antileukemic therapy. To our knowledge, there has been only two case reports of pseudomembranous gastritis. We experienced a case of isolated pseudomembranous gastritis due to Aspergillus after chemotherapy for relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia. The diagnosis was made by gastrofiberscopic findings and histologically.
Aspergillosis ; Aspergillus* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Esophagus ; Gastritis* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Vascular Diseases

There are about sixty to seventy diseases which develop dementia until now. These include degenerative disease, vascular disease, infectious disease, hydrocephalus, toxic condition, head trauma, tumor , metabolic disease, and demyelinating disease etc. 20% of dementing illness is reversible to treatment. Treatment strategies of dementia can be classified as disease-specific treatment, pharmacotherapy with neurocognitive activators or psychopharmacologic agents, and nonpharmacologic intervention such as neurocognitive rehabilitation, reminiscence therapy, occupational or physical therapy, and psychosocial approach. But medical approach is necessary to prevent disability stemming from pneumonia, dehydration, malnutrition, decubitus ulcer, and other complication. These treatment strategies must be administered comprehensibly due to characteristics of the dementia patients.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Communicable Diseases ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Dehydration ; Dementia ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Malnutrition ; Metabolic Diseases ; Occupational Therapy ; Pneumonia ; Pressure Ulcer ; Rehabilitation ; Vascular Diseases

Adult ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Takayasu Arteritis ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). METHODS: Eleven patients (11 eyes) with PCV who were diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optic coherence tomography (OCT) were given PDT. The changes of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photography, FFA and ICGA before and after the PDT were compared. Follow-up time varied from 6 to 30 months. RESULTS: One month after the PDT, the BCVA was stable in 3 eyes, increased in 1 line in 3 eyes, increased in 2 lines in 2 eyes, and decreased in 2 lines in 3 eyes. FFA and ICGA showed no leakage in 5 eyes, leakage reduced in 3 eyes, and slight leakage in 3 eyes. At the last follow-up, the BCVA was stable in 5 eyes, increased in 1 line in 2 eyes, increased in 2 lines in 2 eyes, and decreased in 2 lines in 2 eyes. FFA and ICGA showed no leakage in 6 eyes, leakage reduced in 3 eyes, and slight leakage in 2 eyes. No severe systemic or local adverse effect was found during or after the PDT, except that 1 eye had vitreous hemorrhage 2 months after the PDT. CONCLUSION PDT may stop or reduce leakage of the lesion, facilitate the absorption of hemorrhage, edema and exudates, and stabilize or increase the patients' visual acuity. It could be a choice for PCV.
Adult ; Aged ; Choroid ; blood supply ; pathology ; Choroid Diseases ; drug therapy ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Photochemotherapy ; Photosensitizing Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Porphyrins ; therapeutic use ; Verteporfin ; Visual Acuity

Decoction for removing blood stasis in the chest is Wang Qingren's famous formula for promoting blood circulation, the syndromes of which is composed of Sini powder syndrome, Taohong Siwu decoction syndrome, balloonflower syndrome and achyranthes root syndrome. According to many years' research on formula-syndrome and clinical practice of decoction for removing blood stasis in the chest, the syndromes of decoction for removing blood stasis in the chest is analysised from founder decoction, herb-syndrome, original record and constitutional characteristics in order to provide reference for further study.
Adult ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Thorax ; blood supply ; drug effects ; Vascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

BACKGROUNDSarpogrelate is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtype 2A antagonist which blocks 5-HT induced platelet aggregation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. We compared the efficacy of sarpogrelate-based dual antiplatelet therapies for the prevention of restenosis and target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates comparing with that of clopidogrel after percutaneous endovascular interventions (EVIs) of femoropopliteal (FP) arterial lesions.

METHODSThis prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial recruited a total of 120 patients with successful EVI of FP lesions at seven centers across China between January 2011 and June 2012. Patients were randomized to receive either sarpogrelate (100 mg trice daily for 6 months, n = 63) or clopidogrel (75 mg once daily for 6 months, n = 57). All patients also received oral aspirin (100 mg once daily for 12 months). Clinical follow-up was conducted up to 12 months postprocedure.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference between the two groups in basic demographic data. The restenosis rate was higher in the clopidogrel group (22.80%) than in sarpogrelate group (17.50%), but there was no significant difference between these two groups (P = 0.465). The TLR rate, ipsilateral amputation rate, mortality in all-cause and bleeding rate were also similar in the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAspirin plus sarpogrelate is a comparable antithrombotic regimen to aspirin plus clopidogrel after EVI of FP arterial lesions. Dual antiplatelet therapies might play an important role in preventing restenosis after successful EVI of FP lesions.

Aged ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Popliteal Artery ; drug effects ; pathology ; Serotonin Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Succinates ; therapeutic use ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin D3-up-regulated protein (VDUP1), is an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin (Trx), which regulates the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state. TXNIP regulates cellular survival, apoptosis and inflammation induced by glucotoxicity, heat shock and mechanical pressure. The above functions of TXNIP are regulated by carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). In recent years, numerous studies showed that TXNIP is involved in diabetes and diabetic complications. On the one hand, TXNIP functions in diabetes by increasing insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis. TXNIP expression is induced by high glucose, which is implicated in pancreatic beta cell glucotoxicity and endothelial cells dysfunction. TXNIP may contribute to the development and progression of diabetes and its vascular complications. TXNIP may be a new target for diabetes and its vascular complications therapy.
Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; Diabetes Complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; pathology ; Vascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; metabolism

Calcium channels exist extensively in the membrane of cardiac, skeletal, smooth muscle cell and neuron. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) were widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases because they could relax vascular smooth muscle. Experimental researches on calcium channel blockers relaxing corpus cavernosum smooth muscle have been reported recently. Whether the blockers can be used for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction still need to be further investigated.
Animals ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Calcium Channels ; metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Relaxation ; drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; Penile Erection ; drug effects