No abstract available.
Phenylephrine* ; Receptors, Cholinergic* ; Vas Deferens*

The three major scrotal anomalies are bifid scrotum, penoscrotal transposition, and ectopic or accessory scrotum. Bifid scrotum occurs if the genital swellings fail to fuse at the scrotal septum. Penoscrotal transposition results from abnormal genital tubercle development. This is associated with delay in the midline fusion of the urethral folds. Ectopic and accessory scrotum result from cleavage or abnormal migration of the genital swellings. Ectopic scrotum is extremely rare. His right scrotum was normal in position and size, and contained a normal palpable testis. The penis was showed externally normal appearance. At operation it was possible to excise the scrotal wall, preserving the vas deferens and the testicular vessels. Accessory scrotum has not been recorded in Korea. We experienced a case of unilateral ectopic scrotum and a case of accessory scrotum.
Korea ; Male ; Penis ; Scrotum* ; Testis ; Vas Deferens

Congenital anomaly of the vas deferens is often easily diagnosed by careful examination of the scrotum as well as by present popularity of vasectomy. By the fact that both systems originate from a common urogenital ridge of mesoderm, anomaly of the kidney has long been recognized to coexist with anomaly of the vas deferens. So, inability to palpate the vas deferens in routine examination or absence of vas deferens in vasectomy should alert the physician to study the patient for associated renal anomaly. We report one case of vas anomaly associated with ipsilateral renal hypoplasia with the brief review of literatures.
Humans ; Kidney ; Mesoderm ; Scrotum ; Vas Deferens ; Vasectomy

Azoospermia/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Vas Deferens ; Vasectomy

Traumatic dislocation of the testis occurs when a normally distended testis assumes, as a result of trauma, a non-scrotal position by passing along fascial plane and through normal anatomic aperture. Less than 50 cases of true traumatic dislocation have been reported. The etiology, classification and treatment of testicular luxation are reviewed briefly. If efforts at closed reduction are unsuccessful, management requires surgical exploration and orchiopexy. The prognosis for recovered or fertility potential after this repair of dislocation of the testis is good. We report the case that one testis has traumatic dislocation with a ruptured vas deferens and the other has a primary spermatogenic defect.
Classification ; Dislocations* ; Fertility ; Orchiopexy ; Prognosis ; Testis* ; Vas Deferens

Duplication of the vas deferens is a very rare congenital anomaly in which two vasa deferentia coexist within the spermatic cord. Duplication of the vas deferens can be found during herniorrhaphy, vasectomy, and varicocelectomy performed on the spermatic cord or around the spermatic cord. However, it is estimated that the incidence of duplication of the vas deferens is under-reported and under-recognized. Unless anomalies of the vas deferens such as duplication of the vas deferens are recognized by surgeons, it will be difficult to reduce vas deferens injuries and achieve a satisfactory surgical outcome. In addition, care should be taken in cases of duplication of the vas deferens because it can be complicated by non-testicular genitourinary anomalies. We report a case of duplication of the vas deferens discovered during routine varicocelectomy.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Herniorrhaphy ; Incidence ; Spermatic Cord ; Varicocele ; Vas Deferens* ; Vasectomy

We presented one case of 43 years old man with ectopic ureter entering the seminal vesicle associated with ectopic renal dysplasia. He had complained of perineal and lower abdominal discomfort, hemospermia. The definite diagnosis was made by seminal vesiculogram through vas deferens. We report the case with brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Hemospermia ; Humans ; Seminal Vesicles* ; Ureter* ; Vas Deferens

OBJECTIVEStudying on the routes of vas deferens to provide anatomy basis for surgical operation, especially, reconstruction of long segment loss of vas deferens.

METHODSThe routes of vas deferens were observed and anatomic distances along epididymal, infrainguinal, inguinal, retroperitoneal and ampullar segments of vas deferens, the distances from external ring to extremity of vas deferens were measured respectively in 18 formalin fixed adult cadavers.

RESULTSThe vas deferens have a large curve from external ring to extremity in its route, draw it out from the external ring. Eliminating this curve will allow to shorten this segment of vas deferens for vasovasostomy by 6.1 - 12.9 (9.31 +/- 1.30) cm. The length of each segment of vas deferens, respectively, is epididymal: 3.2 - 5.6 (4.53 +/- 0.79) cm, infrainguinal: 4.5 - 9.5 (7.31 +/- 1.78) cm, inguinal: 4.4 - 7.5 (5.52 +/- 0.74) cm, retroperitoneal: 12.5 - 19.5 (16.75 +/- 1.87) cm and ampullar: 2.9 - 3.8 (3.63 +/- 0.23) cm. There was no significant differences in segment length and the distances from external ring to extremity of vas deferens between the right and left.

CONCLUSIONReconstruction of long segment loss of vas deferens can be performed by mobilization retroperitoneal vas deferens and draw it out from external ring. There were no significant differences in lengths of vas deferens and the distances from external ring to vassal extremity between the left and right in adults. The surgical operations of vas deferens are closely related each segment of vasa.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of octreotide on the contractility of rat vas deferens. The -smooth muscle strips isolated from the prostatic portion were myographied in isolated organ bath. Electric -field stimulation (monophasic square wave, duration : 1. mSec, voltage : 50 V, frequency : 5 Hz or 30 Hz, train : 10 Sec) produced reproducible contraction. The contraction was composed of two component, first phasic component (FPC) and second tonicc component (STC).. These contractions were abolished by -tetrodotoxin (1 microM). Octreotide inhibited the field stimulation induced contractions both FPC and STC concentration- dependently. The FPC was decreased by a desentization of purinergic receptor by pretreatment of mATP, and the STC was decreased by pr,,creatment of reserpine (3 mg/kg, EP) 24 hours before experiments. Octreotide reduced the field stimulation induced contraction in the presence of mATP and of reserpinized muscle strips. The inhibitory effect of octreotide was more potent at 5 Hz than at 30 Hz. Octreotide did not affect basal ton and exogenous norepinephrine- or ATP-induced contraction. These results suggest that octreotide inhibit the contractility of the isolated rat vas deferens by inhibition of the release of neurotransmitters, both ATP and norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve terminal.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Baths ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine ; Octreotide* ; Rats* ; Reserpine ; Vas Deferens*

Immunohistochemical study have been made to examine the autonomic innervation of the human vas dererens following vasectomy one to 7 years previously. Samples from sites on the proximal (testicular) and distal (urethral) sides of the original vasectomy have been compared with control specimens as to the arrangement and distribution of autonomic nerves containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), catecholamine, substance-P and enkephalin. In contrast with tissues from the urethral portion and from controls, the testicular specimens revealed a marked reduction in the catecholeminergic innervation of the muscular layer. In addition VIPergic nerves distributed at the subepithelial layer were nearly absent from the testicular side of the vas deferens. The degrees of denervation were independent of the obstructive interval between vasectomy and vasectomy reversal. Substance-P and enkephalin containing nerves were rarely found from both sides of the vas deferens. Therefore, these findings suggest that the consequences of denervation of vas deferens may play an important role in those patients in whom infertility persists despite evidence of satisfactory mechanical continuity achieved by vasectomy reversal.
Autonomic Pathways ; Denervation ; Enkephalins ; Humans* ; Infertility ; Vas Deferens* ; Vasectomy* ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; Vasovasostomy