1.Azoospermia: vasal agenesis.
Asian Journal of Andrology 2022;24(1):1-4
2.Diagnosis and treatment of epididymal obstructive azoospermia by microsurgery.
Xue-De LI ; Qing-Xin HE ; Sheng-Hai FAN ; Zhi-Yong JIANG ; Zhong-Xing WANG
National Journal of Andrology 2012;18(7):611-614
OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of epididymal obstructive azoospermia (OA) by microsurgery.
METHODSWe performed surgical scrotal exploration for 57 cases of OA whose obstruction was suspected to be in the epididymis. Those confirmed to be epididymal OA cases and with motile sperm in the epididymis underwent longitudinal-2-suture intussusceptive vasoepididymostomy (LIVES). And for those with sperm in the epididymal head only or with bilateral obstruction or absence of the vas deferens in the distal epididymis, the sperm were collected and subjected to cryopreservation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). After surgery, the patients were followed up for observation of the semen parameters and the rate of pregnancy.
RESULTSOf the total number of patients, 53 (92.9%) were diagnosed with epididymal OA by scrotal exploration, 47 (82.5%) underwent microsurgery, and the other 10 (17.5%) received sperm cryopreservation. At 1 to 18 months after surgery, motile sperm were found in the ejaculate in 46.8% of the cases (22/47), natural pregnancy in 10.6% (5/47), and ICSI pregnancy in 18.5% (6/32).
CONCLUSIONWith the development of microsurgery, non-invasive means should be the first choice for the diagnosis of OA. And surgical exploration can be employed to determine the location of obstruction and the option for treatment.
Adult ; Azoospermia ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Epididymis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Vas Deferens ; surgery
3.Pelvic vas deferens abscess: a case report and review of the literature.
Hui-bo LIAN ; Hong-qian GUO ; Xiao-gong LI
National Journal of Andrology 2007;13(8):727-729
OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, misdiagnosis and treatment of pelvic vas deferens abscess.
METHODSThe clinical data of one case of pelvic vas deferens abscess were reported and the relevant literature was reviewed.
RESULTSThe patient underwent incision and drainage of pelvic vas deferens abscess. After the catheter was removed, he could urinate easily. With a follow-up of one year, he was found free of dysuria and recurrence.
CONCLUSIONPelvic vas deferens abscess tends to be misdiagnosed when enwrapped. Surgical procedures are the most effective treatment for this disease.
Abscess ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Aged ; Genital Diseases, Male ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvis ; Treatment Outcome ; Vas Deferens
4.Contractile Response of the Rat Vas Deferens to Electrical Field Stimulation, Phenylephrine and Acetylcholine under Hypoxia.
Hong Jin SUH ; Dong Hwan LEE ; Jai Young YOON ; Young Hyun PARK
Korean Journal of Urology 1998;39(4):316-322
PURPOSE: The proper functioning of all smooth muscle structures depends on the ability of normal blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the muscles. In addition, hypoxia has been shown to inhibit the contractile response to various forms of stimulation. The contractile response of the vas deferens can be divided into two phases: an initial rapid increase in tension(phasic contraction) and prolonged period of sustained tension(tonic contraction). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hypoxia on the ability of the vas deferens to sustain tension . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The isolated strips of rat vas deferens were studied for Isometric tension measurement under normoxia and hypoxia in the organ chamber. Effects of phenylephrine(Phe) and acetylcholine(Ach) on the rat vas deferens tissue were monitored under normoxia and hypoxia. RESULTS: The results of these studies can be summerized as follows; (1) hypoxia induced time dependent decrease in both phasic and tonic contraction in response to electrical field stimulation(4 and 32Hz). The rate of inhibition of the tonic contraction was significantly and immediatly greater than that of the phasic contraction in both the prostatic and epididymal vas deferens, which was much prominent. (2) hypoxia(5min) increased the basal tension of prostatic vas deferens only to Phe(10(-3)M) and Ach(10(-3)M). But In the response of epididymal vas deferens to Phe(10(-3)M) and Ach(10(-3)M), rhythmic contractions disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the contractile response of rat Vas deferens to electrical field stimulation under hypoxia were decreased and basal tension of prostatic vats deferens to Phe(10(-3)M) or Ach(10(-3)M) was increased This effect can interfere the sperm expulsion by changing normal contractability of the vas deferens.
Acetylcholine*
;
Animals
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Anoxia*
;
Muscle, Smooth
;
Muscles
;
Oxygen
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Phenylephrine*
;
Rats*
;
Spermatozoa
;
Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
;
Vas Deferens*
5.Recent research on vasectomy techniques.
Asian Journal of Andrology 2003;5(3):227-230
Vasectomy is a commonly used, highly effective method for the control of fertility in the human male. It is almost always performed as an outpatient procedure, is safer than tubal occlusion and has few side effects. The number of people relying on vasectomy as a method of contraception varies widely from country to country. Though vasectomy is highly effective, failures may occur due to re-canalization of the vas, surgical error, anatomical variants or failure of contraception during the post-operative waiting period. One of the disadvantages of this technique is that sperm are present in the posterior end of the vas following surgery and hence patients have to use alternative methods of contraception for a waiting period of 12 weeks to 15 weeks before relying on a vasectomy for contraception. This review summarizes recent research on vasectomy conducted by Family Health International, USA.
Adult
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Cautery
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Humans
;
Ligation
;
Male
;
Nepal
;
Oligospermia
;
Sperm Count
;
Vas Deferens
;
surgery
;
Vasectomy
;
methods
6.The clinical application and research on vas deferens laser coagulation sterilization.
Zhao-hui SUN ; Shou-guo YI ; De-yao LI ; Bing ZHANG ; Shu-hua WU ; Guang-zhong LI ; Guan-ying WEI ; Yue-qiang WANG ; Chun-hong ZHANG ; Mei-sheng LI ; Jun-lou XIAO ; Tian-cai LU
Chinese Journal of Surgery 2005;43(2):112-114
OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Ar(+) laser on human vas deferens and to compare the effects of using different radiation levels with varying thickness of tissue and varying levels of injury.
METHODSAfter initial tests on animals, four human scrotums were opened and treated directly with Ar(+) laser radiation. Then 58 human individual scrotums were treated with radiation by the method of trans-skin puncture. The rate of sperm reduction and elimination was tested.
RESULTSIn 60 cases, the sperms were found to be eliminated completely after six months of radiation treatment. In 2 cases the sperms were found not to be eliminated completely due to the insufficient radiation.
CONCLUSIONAr(+) laser is one of the best forms of radiation for coagulation of vas deferens. It can be used to coagulate vas deferens without any complications or sequelae.
Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Coagulation ; Male ; Sterilization, Reproductive ; methods ; Vas Deferens ; surgery
7.Vasectomy reversal in China during the recent decade: insights from a multicenter retrospective investigation.
Li-Juan REN ; Rui-Zhi XUE ; Zi-Qiang WU ; Er-Lei ZHI ; Wei LI ; Liang HUANG ; Xu-Yu XIANG ; Dao-Yuan LI ; Xue-Ming LIN
Asian Journal of Andrology 2023;25(3):416-420
To date, there is little information about the demography of vasectomy reversal (VR) patients or the factors currently influencing VR effectiveness in China, especially after the universal two-child policy was released in 2015. In this research, demographic data and perioperative medical records of VR patients were extracted from seven major hospitals in different provinces or municipalities of China. Meanwhile, a telephone survey of the patients was conducted to collect follow-up information. Eventually, 448 VR cases from the past 13 years were included. The results were analyzed by stratified comparison to investigate factors that can influence postoperative vas deferens patency and pregnancy rate. Appropriately statistical methods were used, and all of the protocols were approved by the Ethics Committees of the institutes in this research. The results showed that the annual operation volume of VR quadrupled after the two-child policy was implemented. Nonmicrosurgery and a long duration of vasectomy were significantly associated with a lower patency rate. A follow-up survey showed that the general postoperative pregnancy rate was 27.2%. For female partners over the age of 35 years, the postoperative pregnancy rate showed a more severe decline, but only 35.5% of them had been given a fertility examination before their husbands' VR surgery. Our work revealed that more patients in China have been demanding VR in recent years. High-quality microsurgery and a short duration of vasectomy are crucial for restoring patency by VR. Clinical andrologists should perform a preoperative fertility evaluation of the patients' female partners.
Male
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Pregnancy
;
Humans
;
Female
;
Adult
;
Vasovasostomy
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Vas Deferens/surgery*
;
Vasectomy
;
China/epidemiology*
9.High ligation of the hernia sac in open nonmesh inguinal herniorrhaphy is an important cause of iatrogenic vas deferens injury.
Jun ZHAO ; Xiao-Qiang ZHAI ; He-Cheng LI ; Tie CHONG
Asian Journal of Andrology 2023;25(6):708-712
Vasectomy damage is a common complication of open nonmesh hernia repair. This study was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics and possible causes of vas deferens injuries in patients exhibiting unilateral or bilateral vasal obstruction caused by open nonmesh inguinal herniorrhaphy. The site of the obstructed vas deferens was intraoperatively confirmed. Data, surgical methods, and patient outcomes were examined. The Anderson-Darling test was applied to test for Gaussian distribution of data. Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney U test and unpaired t-test were used for statistical analyses. The mean age at operation was 7.23 (standard deviation [s.d.]: 2.09) years and the mean obstructive interval was 17.72 (s.d.: 2.73) years. Crossed (n = 1) and inguinal ( n = 42) vasovasostomies were performed. The overall patency rate was 85.3% (29/34). Among the 43 enrolled patients (mean age: 24.95 [s.d.: 2.20] years), 73 sides of their inguinal regions were explored. The disconnected end of the vas deferens was found in the internal ring on 54 sides (74.0%), was found in the inguinal canal on 16 sides (21.9%), and was found in the pelvic cavity on 3 sides (4.1%). Location of the vas deferens injury did not significantly differ according to age at the time of hernia surgery ( ≥ 12 years or <12 years) or obstructive interval (≥15 years or <15 years). These results underscore that high ligation of the hernial sac warrants extra caution by surgeons during open nonmesh inguinal herniorrhaphy.
Male
;
Humans
;
Young Adult
;
Adult
;
Child
;
Vas Deferens/surgery*
;
Herniorrhaphy/methods*
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Hernia, Inguinal/surgery*
;
Iatrogenic Disease
;
Laparoscopy
10.Clinical features and microsurgical reconstruction of congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens with obstructive azoospermia: a tertiary care center experience.
Yi-Hong ZHOU ; Jian-Jun DONG ; Er-Lei ZHI ; Chen-Cheng YAO ; Yu-Hua HUANG ; Ru-Hui TIAN ; Hui-Xing CHEN ; Ying-Bo DAI ; Yu-Xin TANG ; Na-Chuan LIU ; Hui-Rong CHEN ; Fu-Jun ZHAO ; Zheng LI ; Peng LI
Asian Journal of Andrology 2023;25(1):73-77
Patients with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD) manifest diverse symptoms from normospermia to azoospermia. Treatment for CUAVD patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) is complicated, and there is a lack of relevant reports. In this study, we describe the clinical features and evaluate the treatments and outcomes of CUAVD patients with OA. From December 2015 to December 2020, 33 patients were diagnosed as CUAVD with OA in Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai, China). Patient information, ultrasound findings, semen analysis, hormone profiles, and treatment information were collected, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated. Of 33 patients, 29 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Vasoepididymostomy (VE) or cross VE was performed in 12 patients, the patency rate was 41.7% (5/12), and natural pregnancy was achieved in one of the patients. The other 17 patients underwent testicular sperm extraction as the distal vas deferens (contralateral side) was obstructed. These findings showed that VE or cross VE remains an alternative treatment for CUAVD patients with OA, even with a relatively low rate of patency and natural pregnancy.
Pregnancy
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Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Vas Deferens/abnormalities*
;
Azoospermia/surgery*
;
Epididymis/surgery*
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Tertiary Care Centers
;
China
;
Semen