Zacharias and Haus Janssen were the first manufacturers of the simple microscope, 1590. After that, Anton Von Leuwenhock was a German who created an inperfected glass with magnification of 270 times. Then, Carl Zeiss introduced the principle of the tri-dimentional telescope. By the 1960s, microscopes have been used rather widely in neurosurgery. Beginning from March, 1997, Dep of neurosurgery of Cho Ray hospital has applied the microscope in cerebral vascular diseases and brain tumors
Neurosurgery ; Cerebral Revascularization ; surgery

33 cases of posterior inter-osseous island flaps with reverse flow were done at the Reconstructive Microsurgery Department, Center for Trauma and Orthopedics of Ho Chi Minh City from January 1997 to September 1998. These flap transfers were used to cover small skin and soft tissue defects of wrist, hand thumb and MP Joint areas. The total surface of the island flap is from 32-60 cm2, the pedicle length is from 08-12cm. The survival rate was 94%, the graft skin was supplied, with very little fibrous and contractile scar. There was no sensibility except 03 were gradually recovered up to S1-S2. The conveniences of this procedure were acceptable: easy to perform, unnecessary to scarify a main artery and the survival rate of the flap is high. This island flap is always suitable to relapse the Chinese island flap in some indications.
Skin ; Soft Tissue Injuries

In West Germany the Giessen-test (G.T) is one widespread personality test, specially in the stress – related disorders. Giessen-test itself consists of 40 items which is grouped into 6 main scales. 183 healthy students are studied by this test. In comparison the result of G.T in medical students of Ha Noi and in Bulgarian young people, there are significant differences in 4 scales of this test (scale 2; 3; 5; 6). However, the difference in 2 scales (scale 1; scale 4) is uncertain. The difference between male and female students is found insignificantly in our research according to G.T scales. In order to have the result of exact standardization, we must research this test on the population larger with different ages and professions.
Students, Medical ; standards ; laboratories

In all 83 cases of under 16 years old parents with DHF treated in Khanh Hoa provincial hospital in the year 2000, prognostic factors were investigated. The role of gender in mortality was not clear. The role of nutritional factors was not determined. The age of 5-10 years old is the most vulnerable. The high morbidity of infants under 1 year old of age with severe DHF was high, possibly because of the decrease of neutralizing antibody of passive immune transferred from mother to child. In addition the increase of capillary permeability can play a role
Dengue ; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ; Diseases ; Prognosis

Superferon lyophylized with a content of 3.106 IU/bottle was prepared in semi-industrial scale. Nine consecutive lots have been produced meeting WHO and national standard. Antivirus activity, cytotoxic effect as well as fever induced effect on rabbit, residual moisture were verified
Preventive Medicine ; Freeze Drying

Almost of brachial plexus injuries occurred in traffic accidents while driving high speed motorcycles. Their treatments were usually difficult with poor outcomes. Thanks to microsurgical techniques, these injuries could be treated early to restore the movement capability of patients. Clinical signs included paralysis of upper collar; behind clavicle and lower collar areas, and the signs of spinal cord injuries. Paraclinical tests included standard X ray; MRI; spinal radiography; electromusculography; muscle test; respiratory function tests. Regime: in the first examination: clinical examination, EMG test, muscle test, respiratory function tests, X ray studies of cervical spine, heart and lungs, other necessary films; myelography; MRI
Brachial Plexus ; Wounds and Injuries ; Therapeutics

In the Hospital for Trauma and Orthopedics of Ho Chi Minh city from 1995 to 2004, there were 15 cases (12 male and 3 female) with second toe transfer to replace 8 lost thumbs, 5 lost total long fingers and 2 cases of double toe transfer. Results: All 15 cases had good health and good recovery. The follow-up in 9 patients showed 5 patients in grade 1 recovery and 4 patients in grade 2 recovery according to Pho's evaluation criteria, that means they were useful
Surgery, Plastic ; Surgery

From January 2000 to March 2004, 57 patients (53 males, 4 females, aged between 15 and 60 years old) with upper root injuries or complete brachial plexus injuries were surgical treated by neurotization from spinal accessory nerve to the musculo-cutaneous nerve for restoration of elbow flexion in the Trauma and Orthopedics Hospital of HoChiMinh city. Following-up lasted 12-24 months. The results: good result in restoration of elbow flexion MRC3 or more in 72% and the earliest MRC3 gained time was 8 months, the time became to zoom in 2 muscle tips was 6 months. The early neurotization surgery and young people were important factors for good results. Although a less re-examination patients, recovery results were good. It solved somewhat psychological complex for patients
Brachial Plexus ; Nerve Transfer ; Brachial Plexus

Intracranial aneurysms focus very often in the polygonal of Willis. They appear at the site of carotid-posterior communicating artery with high rate. Headache usually appears in these lesions. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is an early complication. Cerebral angiography plays a very important part in the diagnosis of these lesions but enhanced CT-Scanner can reveal them easily. We used sugita clip in the treatment of this aneurysm and had a good result. This spring clip that remains international standards is applied in spreading around the world.
Aneurysm ; Carotid Arteries

Most of arteriovenous malformations have the congenital origin and are formed from the mesoderm. They usually are seen under the 40 age and can be ruptured during any time. Sometimes they are also related to stress. Cerebral angiography keeps to play an important role in the diagnosis of AVM Digital Subtraction Angiography is a new advance in AVM diagnosis, it reveals AVM exactly and clearly. So, it helps the neurosurgeons to assess the treatment procedure appropriately. The characteristics of the surgical indications:* AVM in the surface of the cortex or under the cortex.* Size under 6 cm in diameter. * Noneloquent areas.* Without other diseases. Prevention of seizure with phenytoine is nesessary for pre and post operation. Nowadays, gamma knife is applied in spreading around the world with small and deep AVM or eloquent areas.
Abnormalities ; Cerebral Arterial Diseases ; surgery