Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a condition that may lead to many illnesses. The worldwide prevalence of hyperlipidemia is still relatively high. Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein found in mammals and fishes’ epithelial mucosa cells, also known for its protective roles. Objective: This study aims to d Objective: This study aims to discover the histopathologic changes in rat’s liver after the intervention of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW lactoferrin. Method: This study involved 30 Sprague-Dawley rats divided into six groups: normal, negative control, statin-treated, dose 1, dose 2, and dose 3. The normal group was given standard feed, while the other groups were hyperlipidemic induced by a high cholesterol diet. The intervention for the statin-treated group was 1.5 mg/kgBW statin, while dose 1, 2, and 3 were respectively given 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW of lactoferrin. After six weeks, all rats were dissected, and the livers’ histopathologic slides were scored with Manja Roenigk scoring. Result: Lactoferrin improved the fatty liver condition. The statistical test results showed that 200 mg/kgBW of lactoferrin caused a significant change in the rats’ liver structures (p < 0.05). Conclusion 200 mg/kgBW of lactoferrin significantly improved the histopathologic structure of fatty liver
Histology

Objective: To demonstrate SLEEP-GOAL as a more holistic and comprehensive success criterion for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) treatment. Methods: A prospective 7-country clinical trial of 302 OSA patients, who met the selection criteria, and underwent nose, palate and/or tongue surgery. Pre- and post-operative data were recorded and analysed based on both the Sher criteria (apnoea hypopnea index, AHI reduction 50% and <20) and the SLEEP-GOAL. Results: There were 229 males and 73 females, mean age of 42.4±17.3 years, mean BMI 27.9±4.2. The mean VAS score improved from 7.7±1.4 to 2.5±1.7 (p<0.05), mean Epworth score (ESS) improved from 12.2±4.6 to 4.9±2.8 (p<0.05), mean body mass index (BMI) decreased from 27.9±4.2 to 26.1±3.7 (p>0.05), gross weight decreased from 81.9±14.3kg to 76.6±13.3kg. The mean AHI decreased 33.4±18.9 to 14.6±11.0 (p<0.05), mean lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) improved 79.4±9.2% to 86.9±5.9% (p<0.05), and mean duration of oxygen <90% decreased from 32.6±8.9 minutes to 7.3±2.1 minutes (p<0.05). The overall success rate (302 patients) based on the Sher criteria was 66.2%. Crosstabulation of respective major/minor criteria fulfilment, based on fulfilment of two major and two minor or better, the success rate (based on SLEEP-GOAL) was 69.8%. Based solely on the Sher criteria, 63 patients who had significant blood pressure reduction, 29 patients who had BMI reduction and 66 patients who had clinically significant decrease in duration of oxygen <90% would have been misclassified as “failures”. Conclusion: AHI as a single parameter is unreliable. Assessing true success outcomes of OSA treatment, requires comprehensive and holistic parameters, reflecting true end-organ injury/function; the SLEEP-GOAL meets these requirements