No abstract available.
Vaginosis, Bacterial*

Aims: This study aims to investigate the phylogroups, antibiotics susceptibility and biofilm formation among CVEC isolated from female with bacterial vaginosis. Methodology and results: High vaginal swab from girl with age (18-60 years) were collected and cultured on MacConkey agar, EMB agar and UTI chromogenic medium to recover CVEC and only the confirmed Escherichia coli will pass through rest of the assays like phylogrouping (by PCR), antibiotics susceptibility test and biofilm formation. The results revealed that only 32 (20.38%) of CVEC were recovered and among them only 3 (9.375%) of CVEC belong to intestinal subgroup A1 and the rest 29 (90.625%) assigned to extraintestinal phylogenetic group B2. CVEC isolates belong to B1 and D groups not reported. Antibiotics resistance results shown that, 32 (100%) for cefazolin, cephalothin, cefoxitin and metronidazole, 31 (96.9%) for erythromycin, 24 (75%) for fosfomycin, 20 (62.5%) for cefotaxime, 16 (50%) for ceftazidime, 14 (43.75%) for cefepeim, (28.1%) for aztreonam, 7 (21.9%) for streptomycin, 6 (18.75%) for meropenem, 5 (15.6%) for both imipenem and gentamicin, 2 (6.25%) for both ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, amikacin 1 (3.1%) and no resistance stated for nitrofurantion (0.00%). TCP methods results display that 12 (37.5%) of CVEC were biofilm former while 20 (62.5%) were non biofilm former. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study concluded that, most of the CVEC belong to highly virulent phylogroup B2 and have the ability to resist multiple antibiotics and the ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, amikacin and nitrofurantion still the best choice for treatment and CVEC have the ability to form biofilm which make the infection ruthless and hard to cure.
Vaginosis, Bacterial

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Vaginosis, Bacterial*

The study carries on 1209 female patients from 16 to 55 years old at dermatology of dermatological hospital. These patients were tested to diagnose infected Bacteria vaginosis (BV), in particular, they were candled directly under optical microscope with enlargement 1000X to discover BV. The results were the rate infectious BV is the highest at the age group 26 – 35 (2.58%), and the age group 35 – 45 (2.4%), the possitive rate of the age group 26 – 45 is 4.98%. The total of infected patients is 27/1209 patients (2.23%). The rate infected BV of this research is much less than some studies of European countries as Poland, Swede, Belgium, England...
Vaginitis ; Vulvitis ; Vaginosis, Bacterial

No Abstract Available.
Gardnerella vaginalis* ; Gardnerella* ; Vaginosis, Bacterial*

No Abstract Available.
Gardnerella vaginalis* ; Gardnerella* ; Vaginosis, Bacterial*

OBJECTIVE: This study was to evaluate the incidence of genital Mycoplasmas Infection in Korean premenopausal women with gynecologic symptoms METHODS: Between January 2006 and December 2006, vaginal specimens from 90 premenopausal patients with gynecologic symptoms were obtained for analysis of genital Mycoplasmas infection using multiplex PCR. RESULTS: The incidence of M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalicum infection was 44.4%, 18.9% and 2.2% respectively. From patients with non-foul odored vaginal discharge, M. hominis, and, U. urealyticum were detected in 37.8% and 17.8% respectively. From patients with bacterial vaginosis who had foul odored vaginal discharge, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalicum were detected in 71.4%, 14.3% and 4.8% respectively. From patients with PID or FHC syndrome, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalicum were detected in 43.8%, 37.5% and 6.3% respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of Mycoplasmas infection from vaginal specimens of Korean premenopausal women with gynecologic symptoms was about 66%. Especially, 56% of patients with non-foul odored vaginal discharge, 90% with bacterial vaginosis, and 88% with PID or FHC syndrome showed Mycoplasmas infection, so we suggest the consideration of Mycoplasmas infection as cause of gynecologic symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mycoplasma ; Odors ; Vaginal Discharge ; Vaginosis, Bacterial

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a disease caused by vaginal microbiota dysbiosis. The conventional antibiotic treatment can aggravate microbial dysbiosis, alter the acid environment of the vagina and lead to drug resistance, thus shows low cure rate and high recurrence rate. This poses significant physiological and psychological burden to the BV patients. Vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT) is a novel live biotherapeutic approach. It directly engrafts the whole vaginal microbiota from healthy women to the vaginal tract of patients to rapidly reconstruct the vaginal microbiota environment and restore the vaginal health. This article summarizes the development, present challenges, and future directions of using VMT, with the aim to explore new strategies for treatment of BV and promote the clinical use of VMT.
Dysbiosis/therapy* ; Female ; Humans ; Microbiota ; Vagina ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/therapy*

Two Gram-positive rod strains isolated from the healthy vagina of a woman were tested for the possibility as probiotics. One strain was identified as Steroidobacter denitrificans (YH1) and the other as Lactobacillus crispatus (YH2) by 16S rRNA partial sequencing. The Casman agar and Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) agar were mixed in same quantity, supplemented with 5% human rbc lysate (CMB agar). The Wilkins-Chalgren agar and MRS agar were mixed in same quantity (WCM agar). Gardnerella vaginalis was cultured in Casman broth, supplemented with 5% human rbc lysate and 1,000 x-diluted with normal saline. Bacteroides fragilis, Mobiluncus mulieris and Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus were cultured in Wilkins-Chalgren anaerobe broth and 2,000x-diluted. S. denitrificans YH1 and L. crispatus YH2 were cultured in MRS broth anaerobically and 100x-diluted. The diluted suspensions of B. fragilis, M. mulieris and P. asaccharolyticus were inoculated on WCM agar and G. vaginalis on CMB agar by cotton swabs. Ten microl aliquots of YH1 and YH2 were inoculated on the center of WCM agar and CMB agar. The growth inhibition zone diameters of B. fragilis, G. vaginalis, M. mulieris and P. asaccharolyticus by YH1 were 35 mm, 35 mm, 25 mm and 60 mm. The inhibition diameters by YH2 were 25 mm, 30 mm, 20 mm and 40 mm, respectively. These results implicate that S. denitrificans YH1 can be the stronger probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis than L. crispatus, compared inhibition zone diameters by YH1 and YH2.
Agar ; Bacteria* ; Bacteroides fragilis ; Female ; Gardnerella vaginalis ; Humans ; Lactobacillus ; Mobiluncus ; Peptostreptococcus ; Probiotics ; Suspensions ; Vagina* ; Vaginosis, Bacterial*

Among 104 patients who visited a local clinic with increased, bad-smelling vaginal discharge, twenty-nine women (27.9%) were found to have bacterial vaginosis (BV) according to the Amsel's composite clinical criteria (homogeneous thin gray discharge, positive amine test, vaginal pH over 4.5, positivity of clue cell by Gram stain). The specificity, sensitivity and positive and negative predictive values of the Amsel's composite clinical criteria were estimated in relation to the G. vaginalis isolation rate. Fifty-two strains of G. vaginalis (50%) were isolated from vaginal swabs taken from 104 patients. The sensitivities of clue cells and G. vaginalis isolation were both 96.6% (28) in the 29 BV patients. The specificities of clue cells and the presence of G. vaginalis were 85.3% and 68.0%, respectively. But the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the combination of clue cells and morphotype of G. vaginalis were 93.1%, 92.0%, 81.8% and 97.2%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of amine test were 89.7%, 98.7%, 96.2% and 94.9% in the 29 BV patients. Among 52 strains of G. vaginalis, 34 strains (87.2%) were isolated from the 39 clue cell positive samples and the remaining 18 (27.7%) from the 65 clue cell negative cases. Twenty-four strains (92.3%) were isolated from 26 amine test positive samples and the remaining 28 (35.9%) from 78 amine test negative cases. According to these results, it seems that the amine test is a useful test for the diagnosis of BV. However, we propose the combination criteria of clue cells and G. vaginalis morphotype in vaginal discharge should give more objective results than the amine test for the diagnosis of BV. The sensitivity and specificity of vaginal pH over 4.5 were 86.2% and 57.3%, and those of homogeneous discharge 93.1% and 65.3%, respectively. These two criteria were not as specific as clue cells and amine test for the diagnosis of BV. These results suggest that BV could be diagnosed more simply and precisely with the finding of clue cells spotted with Gram variable polymorphic bacteria by means of Gram stain of vaginal wall swabs.
Bacteria ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Gardnerella vaginalis* ; Gardnerella* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vaginal Discharge ; Vaginosis, Bacterial*