PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Td booster immunization in early preadolescents of Korea. METHODS: Healthy preadolescents, who had been vaccinated with 4 or 5 doses of DTaP vaccines until 6 years old age, were enrolled in this study from August 2006 to April 2007 . Diphtheria and tetanus anti-toxoid antibodies in sera were measured by ELISA just before vaccination and 4 weeks after vaccination to evaluate immunogenicity. Local and systemic adverse reactions observed for 4 weeks after vaccination to access reactogenicity. RESULTS: 183 preadolescents were enrolled and mean age was 11.40+/-0.51 years old. All subjects achieved seroprotective diphtheria and tetanus anti-toxoid antibodies (titers > or =0.1 IU/mL) after Td booster vaccination. Among 183 vaccinees, 73.8% showed local adverse reactions and 37.2% systemic adverse reactions. Pain at injection site (66.1%) was the most common local reaction, and the most commonly shown systemic reaction was myalgia (17.5%). The adverse reactions were spontaneously relieved within three days after vaccination. CONCLUSION: Td vaccine in this study was high immunogenic and showed an acceptable tolerance in Korean preadolescents. Td booster vaccination at 11 -12 years old is the most effective method to increase compliance of the vaccination and to decrease the incidence of diphtheria and tetanus.
Aged ; Antibodies ; Compliance ; Diphtheria ; Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization, Secondary ; Incidence ; Korea ; Tetanus ; Vaccination

Although tetanus and diphtheria have become rare in developed countries, pertussis is still endemic in some developed countries. These are vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination for adults is important to prevent the outbreak of disease. Strategies for tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccines vary from country to country. Each country needs to monitor consistently epidemiology of the diseases and changes vaccination policies accordingly. Recent studies showed that tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccine for adults is effective and safe to prevent pertussis disease in infants. However, vaccine coverage still remains low than expected and seroprevalence of protective antibodies levels for tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis decline with aging. The importance of tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccine administration should be emphasized for the protection of young adult and elderly people also, not limited to children.
Adult* ; Aged ; Aging ; Antibodies ; Child ; Developed Countries ; Diphtheria ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Pertussis Vaccine ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Tetanus ; Vaccination* ; Vaccines ; Whooping Cough* ; Young Adult

Objective: To analyze the dropout of adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine (DTaP) routine immunization in China in 2019. Methods: DTaP vaccination data in all counties in China were collected through National Immunization Program Information Management System in 2019. Cumulative dropout rate and vaccination rate of DTaP in different provinces were calculated. According to the P₂₅, P₅₀ and P₇₅ values of DTaP dropout rate for all counties by province, counties in each province were divided into four groups (Q₁-Q₄). The DTaP average dropout rate of four groups and absolute difference (difference in DTaP average dropout rate between Q₄ and Q₁) were calculated. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between absolute difference and provincial DTaP dropout rate, DTaP₁ and DTaP₃ vaccination rate. Results: DTaP₁ vaccination rate ranged from 92.98% to 99.94% by province, with a median of 99.55%. Provincial DTaP dropout rate ranged from 0.36% to 28.66%, with a median of 3.54%. The provincial DTaP dropout rate was more than 10% in Gansu and Guizhou, about 28.66% and 17.19%. Absolute difference ranged from 4.02% to 39.22%, with a median of 10.16%. Provinces with the largest absolute difference were Gansu, Qinghai, Liaoning and Guizhou, about 39.22%, 34.48%, 23.31% and 21.33%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the absolute difference was positively correlated with provincial DTaP dropout rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.492 (P=0.004). It was negatively correlated with DTaP₁ and DTaP₃ vaccination rate. Correlation coefficients were -0.542 (P=0.001) and -0.562 (P=0.001), respectively. Conclusions: There are significant county-level differences in DTap dropout rate in most provinces, with relatively high difference in western provinces.
Humans ; Infant ; Whooping Cough/prevention & control* ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Vaccination ; China ; Immunization, Secondary ; Immunization Schedule ; Antibodies, Bacterial

INTRODUCTIONChildren in Singapore receive vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) at 0, 1 and 5 or 6 months of age, and vaccination against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio at 3, 4 and 5 months of age. Parents often choose to vaccinate with the combined acellular-pertussis-inactivated polio-Hib vaccine (DTPa-IPV/Hib). We investigated whether a combined hexavalent vaccine, DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib, could replace the separate administration of DTPa-IPV/Hib and HBV for the final vaccination at 5 months of age (Trial DTPa-HBV-IPV-075).

MATERIALS AND METHODSIn an open study, 150 children were randomised to complete their vaccination schedule with DTPa-IPV/Hib + HBV or DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib.

RESULTSOne month after the final vaccination, there was no difference between groups in seroprotection rates or antibody concentrations against HBV. Seroprotection rates against diphtheria, tetanus, Hib and polio, as well as vaccine response rates to pertussis antigens were also similar between groups. Local and general symptoms occurred at a similar rate after the third dose of either vaccine.

CONCLUSIONThe immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the hexavalent vaccine DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib (Infanrix hexa, GSK) group is comparable to that of separately administered DTPa-IPV/Hib and HBV vaccines. Combined hexavalent vaccine, DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib, could replace the separate administration of DTPa-IPV/Hib and HBV for vaccination at 5 months of age, thereby reducing the number of injections required.

Diphtheria ; immunology ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Female ; Haemophilus Vaccines ; Haemophilus influenzae ; immunology ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated ; Singapore ; Tetanus ; immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Combined ; administration & dosage ; Vaccines, Inactivated

To assess the childhood immunization level of uran and rural areas, 250 mothers of 6-23 months old children residing in Namsan 1 Dong, Taegu, and 264 mothers of the same age children residing in five areas of Kyungsan Gun where community health practitioners are assigned were interviewed in March, 1984. Immunization rate for BCG was 98.0% in urban area and 95.8% in rural area. Among children who had BCG vaccination 91.4% of them were immunized within 1 month after birth in urban area and 88.1% in rural area. The percentage of children who received three doses of DPT vaccine was 83.2% in urban, and 87.5% in rural area and that for the polio vaccine was 80.8% in urban and 87.9% in rural area. Only a few children have never been immunized with either BCG or DPT or polio vaccine. Overall immunization rate for measles was 64.4% in urban area while it was 55.3% in rural area and that for mumps and rubella was 50.4% in urban area as compared with 36.0% in rural area. However, among children of 15 months old and above the percentage of measles vaccination was 85.3% in urban area and 73.7% in rural area. Mumps and rubella vaccination rate was 77.6% in urban area and 62.4% in rural area. These differences in measles, mumps and rubella vaccination rates between urban and rural areas were statistically significant (p<0.05). Such findings as improved immunization level, no significant differences in BCG, DPT and polio vaccination rate between urban and rural areas, and fewer mothers in rural area have not vaccinated their children than mothers in urban area because of their ignorance may be attributed to the general improvement of living standard and implementation of the maternal and child health services of the government. Nevertheless many of the mothers in rural as well as urban area have not immunized their children on time and measles, mumps and rubella vaccination rates are substantially lower than other childhood immunizations. Future immunization activity should be geared to reinforcing these areas.
Child ; Child Health Services ; Daegu ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant ; Measles ; Mothers ; Mumps ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Parturition ; Poliomyelitis ; Rubella ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Vaccination

HPV vaccination is the most effective way for preventing the cervical cancer. To respond the WHO calling for cervical cancer elimination, some Chinese provincial governments are launching the Free HPV Vaccination Programs for teenagers. Basing on the current stage of domestic utilization and the global immunization strategies of HPV vaccination, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the key aspects in the process of HPV vaccination, including subjects and priority vaccination population, vaccination dose and time interval, the principal of vaccination replacement, and the vaccination suggestion on special populations, etc. The article above contents and gives the advice on the immunization strategy of HPV vaccination in China.
AIDS Vaccines ; Adolescent ; BCG Vaccine ; China ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Influenza Vaccines ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control* ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines ; SAIDS Vaccines ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination

Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Haemophilus influenzae type b ; immunology ; Influenza Vaccines ; Vaccination ; methods ; Vaccines, Combined

Absorbed DTP vaccines in the same Lot (produced by IVAC, Nha Trang) were kept at 4°C, -5 +/-10oC, -20°C on 2, 3 and 6 hours. After being thawed completely, the vaccine containers were vigorously shaken and the contents were examined for physical changes. The results showed that the containers kept at 4oC had no physical changes; the containers kept at -5 +/-10oC, 20°C for 6 hours had significant changes such as agglomeration, floccules or granular matter, and sedimented rapidly. It is suggested that structure of aluminum adjuvant in DTP vaccine is changed. The containers kept at -5 +/-10oC, -20°C for 6 hours can be considered as the positive control and the shaking test can be used to determine the previous freezing of adsorbed DTP vaccines.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Freezing

No abstract available.
Child* ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine* ; Humans ; Infant*

17 final bulks of pertussis suspension, combined with AlPO4 were evaluated for specific toxicity by MWG test, LPF test and MICRO LAL test. Results showed that: there was relationship between potency and specific toxicity of the vaccine. LPF test was found more reliable than MICRO LAL test when compared to MWG test.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Whooping Cough ; toxicity