Determination of male and female is important in anthropology, archeology and forensic science. This study was designed to compare genotype sex of improved amelogenin PCR amplication method with morphological sex of ancient human bones. Sixty human skulls which lived from the Bronze Age to twenties centuries and excavated in Uzbekistan were used in this study. Morphological sex was determined by Uzbekistan scientist, and genotype sex was determined by improved amelogenin PCR amplication developed in this study. Among 20 morphological males, 13 samples (65%) were genotypical male. Among 40 morphological females, 20 samples (50%) were genotypical male. In conclusion, morphological method might be inadequate for sex determination of ancient bones. The improved amelogenin PCR method will be useful in sex determination of ancient bones.
Amelogenin* ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; Female ; Forensic Sciences ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Skull ; Uzbekistan*

Historically, Ewha University Medical Center roots from Boguyeogwan, which was founded by missionaries in 1887 as the first women's hospital. Inheriting the spirit of missions, Ewha Medical Care (EMC) is an official missionary activity of Ewha Womans University that provide regular mission trips to offer medical services in underdeveloped countries. The first EMC trip was to Nepal in 1989 at the request of Nepalese Sakura Rajbhandary, a graduate of Ewha Womans University Medical School. Mission trips continued to Nepal from 1989 to 2001, and since 2003 mission fields were changed to Cambodia, Vietnam, and Uzbekistan. Since 2014, EMC has sent 3 mission teams to each countries, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Uzbekistan, every year. The final mission of EMC in the future is to establish a missionary hospital in the third world where medical service is in need as Boguyeogwan was established by missionaries to protect and save poor Korean women in the past.
Academic Medical Centers ; Cambodia ; Female ; Humans ; Missionaries ; Nepal ; Religious Missions ; Schools, Medical ; Uzbekistan ; Vietnam

Uzbekistan is endemic of cystic echinococcosis (CE). In order to estimate endemicity of CE, we collected data from emergency surgery due to CE in 2002-2010 and also investigated the prevalence of hydatid cysts in the liver and lungs of sheep at an abattoir in Uzbekistan from July 2009 to June 2010. In 14 emergency hospitals, 8,014 patients received surgical removal or drainage of CE during 2002-2010, and 2,966 patients were found in 2010. A total of 22,959 sheep were grossly examined of their liver and lungs, and 479 (2.1%) and 340 (1.5%) of them were positive for the cyst in the liver and lungs, respectively. Echinococcus granulosus is actively transmitted both to humans and sheep, and CE is a zoonotic disease of public health priority in Uzbekistan.
Animals ; Echinococcosis/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Humans ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Uzbekistan/epidemiology

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection that is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is widely distributed in a temperate and subtropical countries, and it is especially prevalent in sheep and cattle raising countries. The most common infection site is the liver, and the second most common site is the lung. We report here on our experience with Echinococcal hydatid cysts that were found in the bladder of a 38 year old worker from Uzbekistan. The cysts were surgically removed and the patient was managed postoperatively with albendazole.
Adult ; Albendazole ; Animals ; Cattle ; Echinococcosis* ; Echinococcus ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Sheep ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Uzbekistan

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection that is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is widely distributed in a temperate and subtropical countries, and it is especially prevalent in sheep and cattle raising countries. The most common infection site is the liver, and the second most common site is the lung. We report here on our experience with Echinococcal hydatid cysts that were found in the bladder of a 38 year old worker from Uzbekistan. The cysts were surgically removed and the patient was managed postoperatively with albendazole.
Adult ; Albendazole ; Animals ; Cattle ; Echinococcosis* ; Echinococcus ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Sheep ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Uzbekistan

BACKGROUND: Primary health care (PHC) plays a major role to ensure the basic right and equal distribution of the essential health care services. This study presents comparative analyses of PHC in Korea and Uzbekistan, discusses the existing scenario and the challenges, and provides recommendations. METHODS: This study reviewed secondary data from Korea's National Statistical Information Service and the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistic, regulatory legislation, research reports, and policy papers by research and international institutions. We focus on comparing input and outcome health data, PHC structure, and health expenditure. RESULTS: Overall health status of the population in Korea is better than in Uzbekistan; both countries achieved more than 95% immunization coverage. The reforms implemented in both countries provide initial health care service delivery. However, there are several challenges such as the distribution of the staff between urban and rural areas and interest of the graduates on specialization rather than working in PHC system. CONCLUSION: PHC plays an important role in the provision of medical services to the population, addressing both health and social problems; it is the best tool for achieving universal coverage for basic health needs of the population. The community health practitioners in Korea and nurses in Uzbekistan plays main role in universal coverage through providing essential health care services. Continuous reform of the PHC system should be directed to strengthen the capacity of the PHC staff in health promotion knowledge and activities as well as to encourage population to improve their own health.
Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Health Expenditures ; Health Promotion ; Immunization ; Information Services ; Korea ; Primary Health Care* ; Public Health ; Republic of Korea* ; Research Report ; Social Problems ; Universal Coverage ; Uzbekistan*

BACKGROUND: Primary health care (PHC) plays a major role to ensure the basic right and equal distribution of the essential health care services. This study presents comparative analyses of PHC in Korea and Uzbekistan, discusses the existing scenario and the challenges, and provides recommendations. METHODS: This study reviewed secondary data from Korea's National Statistical Information Service and the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistic, regulatory legislation, research reports, and policy papers by research and international institutions. We focus on comparing input and outcome health data, PHC structure, and health expenditure. RESULTS: Overall health status of the population in Korea is better than in Uzbekistan; both countries achieved more than 95% immunization coverage. The reforms implemented in both countries provide initial health care service delivery. However, there are several challenges such as the distribution of the staff between urban and rural areas and interest of the graduates on specialization rather than working in PHC system. CONCLUSION: PHC plays an important role in the provision of medical services to the population, addressing both health and social problems; it is the best tool for achieving universal coverage for basic health needs of the population. The community health practitioners in Korea and nurses in Uzbekistan plays main role in universal coverage through providing essential health care services. Continuous reform of the PHC system should be directed to strengthen the capacity of the PHC staff in health promotion knowledge and activities as well as to encourage population to improve their own health.
Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Health Expenditures ; Health Promotion ; Immunization ; Information Services ; Korea ; Primary Health Care* ; Public Health ; Republic of Korea* ; Research Report ; Social Problems ; Universal Coverage ; Uzbekistan*

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by the larval form of Echinocococcus. In human, the most commonly affected organs are liver and lung. Most cysts remain clinically silent and are diagnosed incidentally or when complications occur. In Korea, hydatid disease is rare and surgically treated cases have been reported in the Korean literature. However, it is expected to confront this disease sooner or later, because of recent increase in traveling to the endemic area and industrial workers originating from those areas. With this trend, we experienced a case of hydatid cyst of the liver in a male patient from Uzbekistan. This patient was presented with anaphylactic shock combined with hydatid cyst. We successfully treated using ultrasound-guided transhepatic percutaneous drainage [termed puncture, aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration (PAIR)] of the hydatid cyst and concomitant albendazole instead of surgery. In this clinical case report, we describe all the course of the patient and recommend the PAIR as a first choice method for treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst.
Adult ; Albendazole/therapeutic use ; Anaphylaxis/*complications ; Animals ; Anticestodal Agents/therapeutic use ; Drainage ; Echinococcosis, Hepatic/complications/drug therapy/radiography/*therapy ; Echinococcus/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Uzbekistan

Primary renal echinococcosis, a rare disease involving the kidney, accounts for 2-3% of human echinococcosis. A 64-year-old female patient from Uzbekistan presented with complaints of left flank pain. A CT scan revealed a cystic mass in the upper to midpole of the left kidney. We regarded this lesion as a renal malignancy and hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed to remove the renal mass. The mass consisted of a large unilocular cyst and multiple smaller cysts without any grossly visible renal tissue. The final pathologic diagnosis was a renal hydatid cyst. For patients from endemic areas, hydatid cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis. Here, we present a case of renal hydatid cyst in a female patient who relocated from Uzbekistan to Korea.
Echinococcosis/*diagnosis/parasitology/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/*diagnosis/parasitology/*pathology ; Korea ; Laparoscopy ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Radiography, Abdominal ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uzbekistan

A 33-year-old female from Uzbekistan visited our hospital with symptoms of right blurred vision, ocular pain which were exacerbated by ocular movement, and exophthalmosis for 2 months. Preoperative facial CT scan showed 3.2x2.4cm-sized cystic mass at the right retrobulbar area. The mass was located at temporal aspect of retrobulbar area and displaced optic nerve medially. Right eyeball was anteriorly displaced at the degree of 7mm than left one and intra-ocular pressure was raised as 32 mmHg compared with left one which estimated at 15 mmHg. Removal of cytic mass was performed using lateral orbitotomy. After incision was made through Stellard- Wright incision, dissection was done to lateral outer orbital periosteum then the periosteum each side of lateral orbit were dissected for lateral orbitotomy. Removal of lateral orbital wall, which was enough to removal cystic mass, by lateral orbitotomy, was done then lateral rectus muscle was divided without cutting. Cystic mass could be resected after lateral rectus muscle was divided and resected lateral orbital bone piece was re-located and fixed by absorbable miniplate. A satisfactory result could be obtained by this procedure. Postoperative intra-ocular pressure was lowerd as 15mm Hg and exophthalmosis was corrected at the degree of 1mm on Hertel's exophthalmometery and visual acuity improved at the degree of 1.0 on optomety compared with preoperative one which estimated 0.04. Preoperative symptoms such as ocular pain, foreign body sensation, headache were disappeared without any complication just like retrobulbar hemorrhage, infection etc.
Adult ; Cysticercosis* ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Headache ; Humans ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Periosteum ; Retrobulbar Hemorrhage ; Sensation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uzbekistan ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity