Using ocularluminal methylmethacrylate corrosion casting, we obsesved three-dimentional anterior uveal microcirculation of the rabbit eyes with scanning electron microscope. The two terminal branches of each long posterior ciliary artery turn opposite direction within the iris to run concentric to the pupil; the superior and inferior branches forming the major iridic circle (MIC). Radial branches run both proximally and distally from the MIC, the former distributing to the ciliary process, choroid and ciliary body and the latter distributing to the iris. Venous drainage of the anterior uvea is taken care of by the large iridociliary veins and by marginal capillaries of the process. Each of these drains to the large vessel layer of the choroid and subsquently to the vortex vein.
Capillaries ; Choroid ; Ciliary Arteries ; Ciliary Body ; Corrosion Casting ; Drainage ; Iris ; Methylmethacrylate ; Microcirculation ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning* ; Pupil ; Uvea ; Veins

Using ocularluminal methylmethacrylate corrosion casting, we obsesved three-dimentional anterior uveal microcirculation of the rabbit eyes with scanning electron microscope. The two terminal branches of each long posterior ciliary artery turn opposite direction within the iris to run concentric to the pupil; the superior and inferior branches forming the major iridic circle (MIC). Radial branches run both proximally and distally from the MIC, the former distributing to the ciliary process, choroid and ciliary body and the latter distributing to the iris. Venous drainage of the anterior uvea is taken care of by the large iridociliary veins and by marginal capillaries of the process. Each of these drains to the large vessel layer of the choroid and subsquently to the vortex vein.
Capillaries ; Choroid ; Ciliary Arteries ; Ciliary Body ; Corrosion Casting ; Drainage ; Iris ; Methylmethacrylate ; Microcirculation ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning* ; Pupil ; Uvea ; Veins

Malignant melanoma originated from the uvea is rare in the Orientals and children. A 1 and 1/3 year-old male infant gave a history of the white pupil and visual loss in the right eye for unknown period. The patient was visited another hospital and Water's view revealed suspicious calcification in the right orbit, so he was referred to our hospital. Ocular examination revealed opaque media due to numerous vitreous floaters and organized fibrinous materials. Re-examination of Water's view also revealed suspicious calcification in the right orbit, but confirmed a small calcific density by the C-T scanning examination. We performed enucleation of the right eye with clinical diagnosis of the retinoblastoma because of the patient's age, clilnical findings, radiologiacal findings and diffuse increased intrnocular soft tissue density in the C-T scanning examination. The histopathological diagnosis was malignant melanoma, mixed type, which was originated from the choroid with invasion of the ciliary body. The case reported here is unsuspected malignant melanoma which will exceptionally occur in the infant. A brief review of relating literatures is described.
Child ; Choroid ; Ciliary Body ; Diagnosis ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male ; Melanoma* ; Orbit ; Pupil ; Retinoblastoma ; Uvea

This experiment was performed in an attempt to reproduce endophthalmitis phacoanaphylactica in guinea-pigs sensitized to lens protein. Twenty-four albino guinea-pigs were immunized with soluble proteins of beef lenses with complete Freund's adjuvant. The immunizations were repeated 4 times at intervals of 5 days. Three days after the last injection, the lens capsule was ruptured and stirred with Ziegler's knife. The eyes were removed at various intervals and histological sections were studied. Ten animals, not sensitized, were used as controls. Biomicroscopy revealed mild to severe inflammations of the anterior uvea and the cornea in treated animals, whereas no definite reactions in control animals. Histological studies showed reactions in the cornea, iris and ciliary body but no sign of inflammation in the choroid or the retina. These reactions consisted mainly of the infiltrations with polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells, and occasional epitheloid cells and macrophages. These findings were similar to the histology found in human endophthalmitis phacoanaphylactica.
Animals ; Choroid ; Ciliary Body ; Cornea ; Endophthalmitis ; Eosinophils ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Humans ; Immunization ; Inflammation ; Iris ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Neutrophils ; Plasma Cells ; Retina ; Uvea ; Uveitis*

Despite of much advances in the design of the IOL and the method of the sterilization and the techniques in ophthalmic surgery, disastrous complications following cataract extraction have been reported occasionally. Such complications may occur with or without IOL implantation, and may be induced by artificial lens itself or by indirect effect of the lens such as mechanical trauma. A pseudophakic eyeball which was implanted iris-supported IOL 6 years ago was enucleated due to intractable ocular pain, and the eyeball exhibited a localized inflammation in the anterior uvea especially in iris. From those findings we could suspect a mechanical trauma of the IOL, that might cause noninfectious inflammation. The complication of the cataract extraction is reviewed with histopathologic findings.
Cataract Extraction ; Inflammation ; Iris ; Sterilization ; Uvea

This experiment was performed in an attempt to reproduce lens-induced uveitis in the guinea pigs after the passive transfer of the lymphocytes and the serum from animals sensitized to the souble lens protein. Hyperimmune serum and the regional lymph nodes were collected from ten guinea pigs previously immunized with the soluble protein of the beef lenses in complete Freund's adjuvant in four sequences at intervals of one week. The lymph nodes were excised and filtered through a fine mesh and sedimented by centrifugation. Cell concentrations were measured and adjusted so that the final transfer population contained approximately 2 ~ 3 X 10(5) cells in 0.1ml saline. The fresh lymphocytes and the serum were transferred to normal healthy guinea pigs by subconjunctival injection in five sequences at intervals of one week. Then the lenses were perforated by Ziegler's knife, and the eyes were examined clinically and enucleated for histological study at various intervals. The characteristic pictures of the reactions found in the series were summerized as follows; 1) Lymphocytes transferred group(18 eyes). Seven of the 18 eyes(38 9%) developed clinical signs of uveitis on the 5th day and reached peak on the 10th day following needling, and then subsided slowly. The inflammation was characterized by the presence of limbal hyperemia, congestion of the iris, cells and flare in the anterior chamber, and small clusters of fibrin around the lens. Twelve of the 18 eyes (66.7%) showed histological evidence of uveitis. The reactions showed that the polymorphonuclear leucocytes were predominant initially, and in later lymphoidal stage, many small and large lymphocytes predominate with the infiltration of the plasma cells. eosinophils, occasionally the epitheloid cells and fibroblasts in the iris stroma, ciliary body. anterior choroid and around the lens. 2) Serum transferred group(8 eyes). 0.1ml of hyperimmune serum were in jected in 8 eyes in the same manner. Two of the 8 eyes showed clinical signs of uveitis but histologically one revealed mild mononuclear cell infiltration in the anterior part of the uvea and around the lens. 3) Control group (8 eyes) The lymphocytes and the serum taken from the animals immunized only with complete Freund's adjuvant in saline were prepared in the same manner and transferred to 8 eyes. All of the 8 eyes revealed no definite reaction in clinical and histolological studies except the transient traumatic inflammatory reaction. Thus it can be considered that the experimental lens-induced uveitis in the guinea pigs can be transferred to normal healthy animals via hyperimmune lymphocytes and the histologic findings a re similar to endophthalmitis phacoanaphy lactica in human.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Centrifugation ; Choroid ; Ciliary Body ; Endophthalmitis ; Eosinophils ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrin ; Fibroblasts ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Inflammation ; Iris ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Plasma Cells ; Uvea ; Uveitis*

Endotoxin-induced uveitis model was produced in Lewis rats by footpad injection of Salmonella endotoxin(lipopolysaccharide, LPS). The clinical course and histological examination were observed at intervals of two hours. Immunohistochemical staining of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and lymphoyte function associated antigen-1(LFA-1) were also peformed. Initial intraocular inflammatory signs were observed at 8-10 hours after injection. Clinical and histological abnormalities peaked at 24-48 hours and were resolving after 72 hours. Histological changes were limited to anterior uvea. ICAM-1 expression was first noted on cells of iris and ciliary body and LFA-1 was expressed on infiltring inflammatory cells 8 hours after the injection and increased by 24 hours and disappeared after 72 hours. LPS induced uveitis in the rat provides a simple, reproducible model for anterior uveitis. ICAM-1 and LFA-1 expression in uveal tract are increased during early phase of uveitis and may enhance the adherence of inflammatory cells with the subsequent initiation of inflammation.
Animals ; Ciliary Body ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Iris ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 ; Rats ; Salmonella ; Uvea ; Uveitis* ; Uveitis, Anterior

Malignant melanoma is a rare tumor of the eye occuring anywhere on the uvea. Due to its fatal prognosis when it metastasizes to the liver, early diagnosis and treatment are needed.Glaucoma is frequently noted when the tumor is located on the ciliary body. A 73-year-old man who had com-plained of foreign body sensation for 4 months showed increased intraocular pressure, moderate anterior chamber reaction, and rubeosis iridis accompanied by a white exudative mass. The result of localized tumor excision and anterior chamber aspiration proved to be a malignant tumor. Therefore, enucleation was done and pathological examination showed ciliary malignant melanoma with seeding on the iris and anterior chamber angle structures.
Aged ; Anterior Chamber ; Ciliary Body ; Early Diagnosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Glaucoma, Neovascular* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Liver ; Melanoma* ; Prognosis ; Sensation ; Uvea

After the immunization of pigmented guinea pigs with bovine rod outer segments in complete Freund's adjuvant, the regional lymph nodes were excised, teased and sedimented by centrifugation. These fresh lymphocytes were injected intravitreally (a single injection of 10 X 10 cells in 50 micro l) in 18 eyes. The involvement of the ciliary body and the choroid with polymorphonuclear leucoytes and later with round cells was noted in 16 eyes. Destructions of the visual cells of the retina were demonstrated in 8 eyes. When the fresh lymphocytes were injected subconjunctivally (50 X 10 cells in 30 micro l) four times. four of the 8 eyes showed slight infiltrations of the ciliary body and the choroid with round cells. No retinal lesion was found. Following repeated freezing and thawing of the lymphocytes. transfer experiments wereperformed with the nonviable cells and their extracts respectively. In 8 eyes injected intravitreally with nonviable cells. 2 eyes showed the infiltration of the uvea with round cells, whereas. of 6 eyes injected subconjunctivally, only one eye showed such changes. The extracts of lymphocytes were injected intravitreally in 8 eyes of which 5 eyes demon-strated moderate degree of infiltration of the uvea. Of 2 eyes injected subconjunctivally, 2 eyes. showed slight histological changes. As control experiments, lymphocytes taken from animals immunized. only with the adjuvant were treated as before and transferred to normal animals. Only one eye of 3 eyes received single intravitreal injection of fresh cells showed slight degree of infiltration of the uvea. Thus it can be concluded that the experimental autoimmune uveitis in guinea pigs could be transferred to normal animals by the transfer of non-viable lymphocytes and especially by their extracts.
Animals ; Centrifugation ; Choroid ; Ciliary Body ; Freezing ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunization ; Intravitreal Injections ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Rod Cell Outer Segment ; Uvea ; Uveitis*

Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of the atypical plasma cells which usually involves antibody synthesis in the immune system. Systemic manifestations include anemia, renal failure, osteoporosis, immune deficiency symptom. Ophthalmolgically this disease involves cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, iris, ciliary body, retinal vessels, extraocular muscles and optic nerve. The authors experienced a case of multiple myeloma with hyperviscosity syndrome who presented with central retinal vein occlusion in both eye.
Anemia ; Ciliary Body ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Immune System ; Iris ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Muscles ; Optic Nerve ; Osteoporosis ; Plasma Cells ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinal Vessels ; Uvea