Breakage of locking bolts is an important cause of interlocking nail failure in femoral fractures. It usually occurs in the form of single breakage in one of the distal bolts of the nail or nail breakage around the distal locking hole. Here we report an unusual case of intramedullary femoral nail failure with segmental breakage of both the distal locking bolts. Such a scenario usually complicates further management. We successfully managed this case with exchange nailing without bone grafting. Here we briefly reviewed the literature regarding such an unusual presentation and discussed in detail the possible etiology of such a presentation and the management options when facing such a complex situation.
Adult ; Bone Nails ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Failure

Intramedullary interlocking nailing is a gold standard for treatment of tibial shaft fractures. Bending of a nail secondary to trauma is a rare complication, which may be encountered in healed or unhealed tibial shaft fractures. Removal of such bent nail is always a challenge. We reported this case to discuss various techniques for removal of bent nails and to share our experience in removing a bent tibial intramedullary nail in a 30-year-old man, who was admitted in our department with re-fracture of the right tibial shaft due to a roadside accident two years after the initial surgical treatment. The intramedullary nail, bent by 30 degrees and visible on anterioposterior as well as on lateral radiographs, was firstly weakened by partially cutting the convex wall, then straightened by applying external force, and finally removed by using the standard nail removal method.
Adult ; Device Removal ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Male ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

BACKGROUND: Femoral neck fractures are rare injuries in children, but the high incidence of long term complications make it an important clinical entity. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of pediatric femur neck fractures that we managed over a 10 year period. METHODS: The study included 36 children (20 boys and 16 girls) who sustained femoral neck fractures and completed a minimum follow-up of one year. The children were treated either conservatively, or by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), or closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF). The outcomes were analyzed using Ratliff criteria and a detailed record of complications was kept for all patients. RESULTS: The mean age of included patients was 10 years (range, 3 to 16 years) and the average follow-up was 3.2 years (range, 1.1 to 8.5 years). Based on Delbet's classification system, there were 0 type I (transepiphyseal), 16 type II, 11 type III, and 9 type IV fractures. There were 8 undisplaced fractures, 4 of which later displaced after being managed initially in a hip spica. A satisfactory outcome was obtained in 27 (75%) children. Avascular necrosis (AVN) was the most common complication. It was seen in 7 of our patients, all of whom had an unsatisfactory outcome. Other complications included three cases each of coxa vara, non-union, and arthritic changes; and one case each of infection, primary screw perforation of head, and premature epiphyseal closure. Complications were lowest in the group treated by ORIF. Only 2 patients managed exclusively by conservative treatment ultimately achieved a satisfactory outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that internal fixation of pediatric femoral neck fractures is preferred whenever feasible because conservative treatment carries a high risk of failure of reduction. Aggressive operative treatments aimed at anatomical reduction should be the goal and there should be no hesitation in choosing ORIF over CRIF. Outcome of patients is influenced primarily by development of AVN which occurs as an independent entity without much relation to the mode of treatment carried out.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures/surgery/*therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Osteonecrosis/epidemiology/etiology ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVEManagement of Rockwood type 3 acromioclavicular disruptions is a matter of debate. Should we adopt conservative or operative measures at first presentation? It is not clear but most of the evidences are in favour of conservative management. We present our experience in managing these patients surgically.

METHODSWe present a prospective series of eight cases of chronic Rockwood type 3 acromioclavicular joint disruptions treated surgically. Anatomical reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligament was done by artificial braided polyester ligament prosthesis.

RESULTSAll the patients were able to perform daily activities from an average of the 14th postoperative day. All patients felt an improvement in pain, with decrease in average visual analogue scale from preoperative 6.5 points (range 3-9 points) to 2.0 points (range 0-5 points), Constant score from 59% to 91% and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score from 65 to 93 points postoperatively. These results improved or at least remained stationary on midterm follow-up, and no deterioration was recorded at an average follow-up of 46 months.

CONCLUSIONThis midterm outcome analysis of the artificial ligament prosthesis is the first such follow-up study with prosthesis. Our results are encouraging and justify the further use and evaluation of this relatively new and easily reproducible technique.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Joint Prosthesis ; Ligaments ; surgery ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Prospective Studies ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

High-grade spondylolisthesis is very rare. We came across a case of high-grade spondylolisthesis at the L5-S1 level in a 32-year-old manual labourer who was hit by a heavy object on his flexed back. The patient presented to us with persistent deformity in the back. He complained of back pain on prolonged standing and after moderate work. Because of that he was unable to return to his work. On clinical examination there was a large step in the lower lumbar region. Detailed neurological evaluation of the lower limbs did not reveal any sensory or motor deficit, neither did bowel or bladder involvement. Radiographic examination showed L5 over S1 traumatic spondyloptosis. CT scan revealed that neural canal was in normal width. MRI confirmed spondyloptosis of L5 over S1 without any compromise of the spinal canal and with normal-looking cauda. Concerning the delayed presentation and no neurological deficit, the patient was managed conservatively after thorough counsel. At 6 months, the patient returned to his work and at the latest follow-up (15 months) he was free from back pain. Conservative means of treatment can lead to satisfactory outcome, especially when the patient has delayed presentation.
Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Back Pain ; etiology ; Braces ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Sacrum ; Spondylolisthesis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Hoffa fracture is an uncommon injury. In the literature, lateral condylar Hoffa fracture is mentioned as a more common injury pattern than medial condylar Hoffa fracture. The mechanism of injury and method of treatment is not very well described in the literature. We are presenting a rare case of comminuted medial condylar Hoffa fracture with ipsilateral patellar fracture. The mechanism of injury has not been described in the literature. Lag screw fixation, which is the most acceptable method of treatment, is not possible due to comminution. We explain the possible mechanism of injury and fix the fracture with L-buttress plate.
Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans

Intraarticular nonunion of tibial plateau is rare. In the literature, only 9 patients were found to be treated for intraarticular tibial plateau nonunion and they got varying results. Internal fixation along with bone grafting was done as a standard treatment in all cases. We treated 4 different profile cases of intraarticular tibial plateau nonunion in our institution by 4 different methods. We treated these cases with plaster of paris cast, internal fixation along with bone graft, arthrodesis with K-nail and total knee replacement. Case 1 was treated with plaster of paris (POP) cast as the patient refused surgery. The fracture was united and the patient was fully satisfied with full range of motion despite valgus malalignment. Case 2 was managed with open reduction internal fixation along with bone grafting. The patient had a good union and got full range of motion at the knee joint. Case 3 was treated with total knee arthroplasty due to her old age and got satisfactory result. Case 4 was an infected nonunion. Arthrodesis was done and the patient could walk with full weight bearing independently. We conclude that internal fixation along with bone grafting may not be suitable in all cases of intraarticular nonunion of tibial plateau. Causes of nonunion, present condition and range of motion of the knee joint, as well as the age of patient should be all considered and the treatment should be individualised according to each patient's situation.
Bone Transplantation ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo assess the outcome of immediate plate osteosynthesis via application of antibiotic impregnated collagen fleeces (gentamicin-collagen and antibiotic sponge) which gradually release antibiotic locally in the surgical treatment of open fractures presented to us 6 hours after injury.

METHODSAll cases were treated in our tertiary level trauma center and teaching hospital including 35 patients with open fractures who were treated by immediate open reduction and plate fixation from January 2008 to August 2010. Among them, 31 patients were available for adequate follow-up and assessment. All fractures were treated by irrigation and debridement, immediate open reduction and plate fixation along with placement of antibiotic-releasing collagen fleeces around the plate just before closure of wound. Patients were assessed to determine postoperative infection, delayed union or nonunion and development of other postoperative complications. It was hypothesized that immediate plate osteosynthesis after thorough debridement and local antibiotics would give safe and acceptable clinical results in treatment of open fractures.

RESULTSThe 31 patients with adequate final follow-up were assessed at a mean time of 40 weeks (15-160 weeks). Most fractures united primarily in an acceptable time period according to area of involvement. Local wound complications (superficial infection and skin loss) were found in 3 patients (9.67%). Deep infection was noted in 2 patients (6.45%). None of these patients needed implant removal and both fractures united in due time. Delayed union was noted in 5 patients (16.13%). No patient progressed to nonunion or implant failure in long term follow-up. Excessive scarring was developed in 2 patients (6.45%).

CONCLUSIONSImmediate plate osteosynthesis after adequate debridement and placement of collagen film eluting antibiotics locally produces excellent results regarding bone union and absence of deep infections and is a safe technique in the management of open bone injuries. These sponges can be used easily with any form of internal fixation and there is no need of second surgery for the removal of these antibiotic carriers since they are bioabsorbable. Local antibiotic-impregnated collagen sponges along with systemic antibiotics for 3 to 5 days offer promising results in open fracture management.

Animals ; Collagen ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Porifera ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery