Endometrial Neoplasms ; classification ; epidemiology ; mortality ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; classification ; epidemiology ; mortality ; pathology

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare survival of patients with uterine sarcomas using the 1988 and 2008 International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) staging systems to determine if revised 2008 staging accurately predicts patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 83 patients with leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma treated at Yonsei University Health System between March of 1989 and November of 2009 were reviewed. The prognostic validity of both FIGO staging systems, as well as other factors was analyzed. RESULTS: Leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma comprised 47.0% and 53.0% of this study population, respectively. Using the new staging system, 43 (67.2%) of 64 eligible patients were reclassified. Among those 64 patients, 45 (70.3%) patients with limited uterine corpus involvement were divided into stage IA (n=14) and IB (n=31). Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant difference between stages I and II and the other stages in both staging systems (p<0.001) with respect to progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Age, menopausal status, tumor size, and cell type were significantly associated with OS (p=0.011, p=0.031, p=0.044, p=0.009, respectively). In multivariate analysis, revised FIGO stage greater than III was an independent poor prognostic factor with a hazard ratio of 9.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.49-33.0, p=0.001]. CONCLUSION: The 2008 FIGO staging system is more valid than the previous FIGO staging system for uterine sarcomas with respect to its ability to distinguish early-stage patients from advanced-stage patients.
Adult ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma/mortality/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Uterine Neoplasms/*mortality/*pathology

Adenosarcoma ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mixed Tumor, Mullerian ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Uterine Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy

This study analyzes the clinical characteristics of the brain metastasis (BM) of gynecologic cancer based on the type of cancer. In addition, the study examines the factors influencing the survival. Total 61 BM patients of gynecologic cancer were analyzed retrospectively from January 2000 to December 2012 in terms of clinical and radiological characteristics by using medical and radiological records from three university hospitals. There were 19 (31.1%) uterine cancers, 32 (52.5%) ovarian cancers, and 10 (16.4%) cervical cancers. The mean interval to BM was 25.4 months (21.6 months in ovarian cancer, 27.8 months in uterine cancer, and 33.1 months in cervical cancer). The mean survival from BM was 16.7 months (14.1 months in ovarian cancer, 23.3 months in uterine cancer, and 8.8 months in cervical cancer). According to a multivariate analysis of factors influencing survival, type of primary cancer, Karnofsky performance score, status of primary cancer, recursive partitioning analysis class, and treatment modality, particularly combined therapies, were significantly related to the overall survival. These results suggest that, in addition to traditional prognostic factors in BM, multiple treatment methods such as neurosurgery and combined chemoradiotherapy may play an important role in prolonging the survival for BM patients of gynecologic cancer.
Adult ; Aged ; Brain/*pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/*mortality/*secondary/therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/*mortality/pathology/therapy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Uterine Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the survival impact of lymphadenectomy in patients diagnosed with uterine clear cell cancer (UCCC). METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of UCCC were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program from 1988 to 2007. Only surgically treated patients were included. Statistical analysis using Student t-test, Kaplan-Meier survival methods, and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed. RESULTS: One thousand three hundred eighty-five patients met the inclusion criteria; 955 patients (68.9%) underwent lymphadenectomy. Older patients (> or =65) were less likely to undergo lymphadenectomy compared with their younger cohorts (64.3% vs. 75.9%, p<0.001). The prevalence of nodal metastasis was 24.8%. Out of 724 women who had disease clinically confined to the uterus and underwent lymphadenectomy, 123 (17%) were found to have nodal metastasis. Lymphadenectomy was associated with improved survival. Patients who underwent lymphadenectomy were 39% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.72; p<0.001) less likely to die than patient who did not have the procedure. Moreover, more extensive lymphadenectomy correlated positively with survival. Compared to patients with 0 nodes removed, patients with more extensive lymphadenectomy (1 to 10 and >10 nodes removed) were 32% (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.83; p<0.001) and 47% (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.65; p<0.001) less likely to die, respectively. CONCLUSION: The extent of lymphadenectomy is associated with an improved survival of patients diagnosed with UCCC.
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/*diagnosis/mortality/pathology/*surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Endometrial Neoplasms/*diagnosis/mortality/pathology/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; *Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis/mortality/pathology/surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the border-line uterine smooth-muscle tumor is different from leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma in history and clinical manifestations.

METHODSThe medical records of 131 surgically treated patients suffering from the so-called cellular leiomyoma or mitotically active leiomyoma of the uterus treated from 1984 to 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. All pathological sections of these patients were reviewed by a senior pathologist. Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier life table were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe overall 5-year survival rate of patients with the border-line uterine smooth-muscle tumors was 100%, however, 19.1% (24/131) of whom developed a late recurrence and 8 patients had repeated recurrences with a more shortened course and aggressive potential changes of mitosis and cellular atypia. The overall 5-year survival rate the patients with recurrence was 91.7%, but only 75.0% for those with repeated recurrences.

CONCLUSIONPatients with border-line uterine smooth-muscle tumor do possess some difference in nature from the leiomyoma or leimyosarcoma. Long-term follow-up is very important for these patients after surgery.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Leiomyosarcoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Smooth Muscle Tumor ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery

BACKGROUNDPelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important prognostic factor in cervical cancer. Cervical squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 75-80% of all cervical cancers. Analyses of the effects of the number of positive lymph nodes (LNs), unilateral versus bilateral pelvic LNM and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM on survival and recurrence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma are still lacking. The study aimed to analyze the effects of the number of positive pelvic LNs and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM on survival and recurrence.

METHODSWe performed a retrospective review of 296 patients diagnosed with Stage IA-IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma who received extensive/sub-extensive hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy/pelvic LN sampling at Peking University People's Hospital from November 2004 to July 2013. Ten clinicopathological variables were evaluated as risk factors for pelvic LNM: Age at diagnosis, gravidity, clinical stage, histological grade, tumor diameter, lymph-vascular space involvement (LVSI), depth of cervical stromal invasion, uterine invasion, parametrial invasion, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

RESULTSThe incidence of pelvic LNM was 20.27% (60/296 cases). Pelvic LNM (P = 0.00) was significantly correlated with recurrence. Pelvic LNM (P = 0.00), the number of positive pelvic LNs (P = 0.04) and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM (P = 0.03) had a significant influence on survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that LVSI (P = 0.00), depth of cervical stromal invasion (P = 0.00) and parametrial invasion (P = 0.03) were independently associated with pelvic LNM.

CONCLUSIONSPatients with pelvic LNM had a higher recurrence rate and poor survival outcomes. Furthermore, more than 2 positive pelvic LNs and multiple groups of pelvic LNM appeared to identify patients with worse survival outcomes in node-positive IA-IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma. LVSI, parametrial invasion, and depth of cervical stromal invasion were identified as independent clinicopathological risk factors for pelvic LNM.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; complications ; mortality ; pathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; diagnosis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; complications ; mortality ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of surgical waiting time on clinical outcome in early stage cervical cancer. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 441 patients diagnosed with stages IA2-IB1cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic node dissection. The patients were divided into two groups based on surgical waiting time. The associations between waiting time and other potential prognostic factors with clinical outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: The median surgical waiting time was 43 days. Deep stromal invasion (hazard ratio [HR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 4.6; p=0.003) and lymph node metastasis (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.7; p=0.026) were identified as independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival while no prognostic significance of surgical waiting time was found (p=0.677). On multivariate analysis of overall survival (OS), only deep stromal invasion (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.0; p=0.009) and lymph node metastasis (HR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.5 to 8.6; p=0.009) were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS. Although OS showed no significant difference between short (< or =8 weeks) and long (>8 weeks) waiting times, multivariate analysis of OS with time-varying effects revealed that a waiting time longer than 8 weeks was associated with poorer long-term survival (after 5 years; HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 9.2; p=0.021). CONCLUSION: A longer surgical waiting time was associated with diminished long-term OS of early stage cervical cancer patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy/*methods/mortality/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/etiology/mortality ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; *Time-to-Treatment ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*surgery

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of treatment with a high dose of 3-dimensional conformal boost (3DCB) using a real-time tracking radiation therapy (RTRT) system in cervical cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2001 and December 2004, 10 patients with cervical cancer were treated with a high dose 3DCB using RTRT system. Nine patients received whole pelvis radiation therapy (RT) with a median dose of 50 Gy (range, 40-50 Gy) before the 3DCB. The median dose of the 3DCB was 30 Gy (range, 25-30 Gy). Eight patients received the 3DCB twice a week with a daily fraction of 5 Gy. The determined endpoints were tumor response, overall survival, local failure free survival, and distant metastasis free survival. The duration of survival was calculated from the time of the start of radiotherapy. RESULTS: All patients were alive at the time of analysis and the median follow-up was 17.6 months (range, 4.9-27.3 months). Complete response was achieved in nine patients and one patient had a partial response. The 1- and 2-year local failure free survival was 78.8% and 54%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year distant metastasis free survival was 90% and 72%, respectively. Late toxicity of a grade 2 rectal hemorrhage was seen in one patient. A subcutaneous abscess was encountered in one patient. CONCLUSION: The use of the high dose 3DCB in the treatment of cervical cancer is safe and feasible where intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) is unable to be performed. The escalation of the 3DCB dose is currently under evaluation.
Adult ; Aged ; *Brachytherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/adverse effects/*methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*radiotherapy

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (NACT+S), and compared the clinical outcome with that of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IB-IIB cervical cancer. METHODS: We reviewed 85 patients with FIGO IB-IIB cervical cancer who received NACT+S between 1989 and 2012, and compared them to 358 control patients who received CCRT. The clinical application of NACT was classified based on the following possible therapeutic benefits: increasing resectability after NACT by reducing tumor size or negative conversion of node metastasis; downstaging adenocarcinoma regarded as relatively radioresistant; and preservation of fertility through limited surgery after NACT. RESULTS: Of 85 patients in the NACT+S group, the pathologic downstaging and complete response rates were 68.2% and 22.6%, respectively. Only two young patients underwent limited surgery for preservation of fertility. Patients of the NACT+S group were younger, less likely to have node metastasis, and demonstrated a higher proportion of FIGO IB cases than those of the CCRT group (p≤0.001). The 5-year locoregional control, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates in the NACT+S group were 89.7%, 75.6%, and 92.1%, respectively, which were not significantly different from the rates of 92.5%, 74%, and 84.9% observed in the CCRT group, respectively (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: NACT+S has no therapeutic advantages over CCRT, the standard treatment. Therefore, NACT+S should be considered only in selected patients through multidisciplinary discussion or clinical trial setting.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Chemoradiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Humans ; *Hysterectomy ; Middle Aged ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis/mortality/pathology/*therapy