Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare benign metaplastic proliferation of urothelium, which is associated with chronic irritation, infection or trauma. We report nephrogenic adenoma in the urinary bladder containing stone.
Adenoma* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urothelium

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis is a rare benign chronic inflammatory disease. To the best of our knowledge, only 16 cases have been reported in the literature. The etiology of xanthogranulomatous cystitis may include immunological disorders, abnormal lipid metabolism, a reduction of chemotactic activities, and metaplasia of the urothelium due to a chronic infection. Only one case has been reported in the Korean literature. Here we describe two cases of xanthogranulomatous cystitis with a review of the previous reports.
Cystitis* ; Inflammation ; Lipid Metabolism ; Metaplasia ; Urinary Bladder ; Urothelium

Twenty seven consecutive male and female patients with trigonal cystitis are divided into 2 groups on the basis of the presence or absence of the pseudomembrane(nest of squamous epithelium). One group consists of 15 patients with squamous epithelium and the other of 12 patients with no squamous epithilium on the cystoscopic biopsies from the vesical trigone. The clinical symptoms, physicochemical study and bacteriologic culture of urine, cystoscopic changes and histologic findings are compared between the two groups. 1. Both squamous and non-squamous epithelial groups show no significant differences in the clinical and cystoscopic findings. 2. Pathologic changes of the urothelium and lamina propria of the trigonal mucosa are identical with one to the other group. 3. Trigonal cystits with squamous epithelium occurs most frequently in sexually active premenopausal women and less frequently in the female of post-menopause and even rarely in the male. No age and sex predilection are found in the patients with trigonal cystitis without squamous epithelium.
Biopsy ; Cystitis* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Postmenopause ; Urothelium

The recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the remnant urothelium is rare, and in this paper we report a case in which the condition recurred in the remnant ureter five years after radical nephrectomy. The recurrent mass was seen on retrograde ureterograms as polypoid filling defect, and on CT images as soft tissue mass-like density. In view of the radiologic and pathologic findings, we believe that in this case, the mechanism of intraureteral recurrence was direct implantation.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Nephrectomy* ; Recurrence* ; Ureter ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; Urothelium

PURPOSE: CD10, a membrane-bound zinc-dependent metallopeptidase, is normally expressed in many tissues. Accordingly, the derangement of CD10 expression may be related to development or progression in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study is to examine any association between CD10 expression and clinicopathological parameters in bladder transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) and the relationship between expression of E-cadherin and CD10. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CD10 and E-cadherin in tissues of 94 TCCs and 10 non-neoplastic bladder mucosa. RESULTS: Positive immunoreactivity for CD10 was observed in non-neoplastic urothelium at a proportion of 80% and TCCs were observed at a rate of 23%. A positive rate of CD10 expression was observed in 10% of total cases of a low grade tumor and in 35% of those of a high grade tumor. It was also observed in 15% of pTa tumors, 13% of pT1 tumors, and 48% of pT2 tumors. In addition, CD10 expression showed reciprocal correlation with expression of membranous E-cadherin in tumors. CONCLUSION: CD10 is again expressed at a certain stage during the neoplastic process of TCCs and could play some roles intheir carcinogenesis.
Cadherins ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Neprilysin ; Urinary Bladder ; Urothelium

Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare proliferative response of urothelium to chronic irritation or infection. It has been reported in the bladder, ureter, renal pelvis and urethra, but to date there have been only 15 reports, of its occurrence in the ureter. We present a further case of this lesion in this unusual location.
Adenoma* ; Kidney Pelvis ; Ureter* ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urothelium

Inverted papilloma of the urothelium is a rare, benign polypoid lesion which has typical histologic findings. Microscopically, a nonpapillary urothelium covers the surface from which cords of same epithelium invert and extend deep into the core in an anastomosing pattern, always maintaining its benign histological characteristic. Recently, we experienced a case of inverted papilloma of the bladder in 23-year-old male.
Epithelium ; Humans ; Male ; Papilloma, Inverted* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urothelium ; Young Adult

Inverted papilloma of the urothelium is a rare, benign polypoid lesion which has typical histologic findings. Microscopically, a nonpapillary urothelium covers the surface from which cords of same epithelium invert and extend deep into the core in an anastomosing pattern, always maintaining its benign histological characteristic. Recently, we experienced a case of inverted papilloma of the bladder in 23-year-old male.
Epithelium ; Humans ; Male ; Papilloma, Inverted* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urothelium ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To investigate the significance of E-cadherin expression in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, as the prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have analyzed its immunoreactivity in 41 transitional cell carcinomas using a labelled streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique on the formalin-fixed and the paraffin-embedded tissues. E-cadherin is a Ca2+-dependent intracellular adhesion molecule of the epithelial tissue and the urothelium. We determined the E-cadherin expression in bladder carcinoma using immunohistochemical method and investigated relationship between pathological and clinical data. RESULTS: The percentage of cases showing weak pattern was higher in cases with high-grade or high-stage tumors as compared with those of low grade or low stage. The E-cadherin was expressed in a normal membranous pattern in all control cases. Abnormal E-cadherin expression was found in 8 of 20 superficial tumors and in 19 of 21 invasive tumors. Abnormal immunoreactivity was related to tumor differentiation and stage. Eight of 13 well-differentiated tumors showed preservation of membranous E-cadherin immunoreactivity, while 2 of 28 moderately and poorly differentiated tumors demonstrated normal staining patterns. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the loss of expression of E-cadherin in high grade or high stage transitional cell carcinoma of bladder is associated with bladder wall invasion, indicates metastasis, and may be clinical value in the assessment of prognosis.
Cadherins* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urothelium

The clinical success of mirabegron as the first β₃-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist for treatment of the overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, has resulted in substantial interest in its site and mechanism of action. Even if the adrenergic innervation of the bladder and urethra has been well studied, the location(s) of β₃-ARs in different structures within the bladder wall and urethra, and the mode(s) of action of β₃-AR stimulation have still not been established. The recent demonstration of β₃-ARs on cholinergic nerve terminals with no immunoreactivity in urothelium or detrusor smooth muscle, is not in agreement with previous morphological studies, and functional data strongly suggest that β₃-ARs can be found these structures. However, recent studies suggest that the β₃-ARs on detrusor smooth muscle may not be the functionally most relevant. The assumption that β₃-AR activation during bladder filling inhibits acetylcholine release from parasympathetic neurons by a prejunctional mechanism and that this decreases bladder micromotions that generate afferent activity, is an attractive hypothesis. It does not exclude that other mechanisms may be contributing, and supports combined approaches to reduce afferent activity for treatment of the OAB syndrome.
Acetylcholine ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neurons ; Relaxation ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Urothelium