Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare benign metaplastic proliferation of urothelium, which is associated with chronic irritation, infection or trauma. We report nephrogenic adenoma in the urinary bladder containing stone.
Adenoma* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urothelium

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis is a rare benign chronic inflammatory disease. To the best of our knowledge, only 16 cases have been reported in the literature. The etiology of xanthogranulomatous cystitis may include immunological disorders, abnormal lipid metabolism, a reduction of chemotactic activities, and metaplasia of the urothelium due to a chronic infection. Only one case has been reported in the Korean literature. Here we describe two cases of xanthogranulomatous cystitis with a review of the previous reports.
Cystitis* ; Inflammation ; Lipid Metabolism ; Metaplasia ; Urinary Bladder ; Urothelium

PURPOSE: CD10, a membrane-bound zinc-dependent metallopeptidase, is normally expressed in many tissues. Accordingly, the derangement of CD10 expression may be related to development or progression in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study is to examine any association between CD10 expression and clinicopathological parameters in bladder transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) and the relationship between expression of E-cadherin and CD10. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CD10 and E-cadherin in tissues of 94 TCCs and 10 non-neoplastic bladder mucosa. RESULTS: Positive immunoreactivity for CD10 was observed in non-neoplastic urothelium at a proportion of 80% and TCCs were observed at a rate of 23%. A positive rate of CD10 expression was observed in 10% of total cases of a low grade tumor and in 35% of those of a high grade tumor. It was also observed in 15% of pTa tumors, 13% of pT1 tumors, and 48% of pT2 tumors. In addition, CD10 expression showed reciprocal correlation with expression of membranous E-cadherin in tumors. CONCLUSION: CD10 is again expressed at a certain stage during the neoplastic process of TCCs and could play some roles intheir carcinogenesis.
Cadherins ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Neprilysin ; Urinary Bladder ; Urothelium

The recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the remnant urothelium is rare, and in this paper we report a case in which the condition recurred in the remnant ureter five years after radical nephrectomy. The recurrent mass was seen on retrograde ureterograms as polypoid filling defect, and on CT images as soft tissue mass-like density. In view of the radiologic and pathologic findings, we believe that in this case, the mechanism of intraureteral recurrence was direct implantation.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Nephrectomy* ; Recurrence* ; Ureter ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; Urothelium

Inverted papilloma of the urothelium is a rare, benign polypoid lesion which has typical histologic findings. Microscopically, a nonpapillary urothelium covers the surface from which cords of same epithelium invert and extend deep into the core in an anastomosing pattern, always maintaining its benign histological characteristic. Recently, we experienced a case of inverted papilloma of the bladder in 23-year-old male.
Epithelium ; Humans ; Male ; Papilloma, Inverted* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urothelium ; Young Adult

Inverted papilloma of the urothelium is a rare, benign polypoid lesion which has typical histologic findings. Microscopically, a nonpapillary urothelium covers the surface from which cords of same epithelium invert and extend deep into the core in an anastomosing pattern, always maintaining its benign histological characteristic. Recently, we experienced a case of inverted papilloma of the bladder in 23-year-old male.
Epithelium ; Humans ; Male ; Papilloma, Inverted* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urothelium ; Young Adult

Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare proliferative response of urothelium to chronic irritation or infection. It has been reported in the bladder, ureter, renal pelvis and urethra, but to date there have been only 15 reports, of its occurrence in the ureter. We present a further case of this lesion in this unusual location.
Adenoma* ; Kidney Pelvis ; Ureter* ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urothelium

Twenty seven consecutive male and female patients with trigonal cystitis are divided into 2 groups on the basis of the presence or absence of the pseudomembrane(nest of squamous epithelium). One group consists of 15 patients with squamous epithelium and the other of 12 patients with no squamous epithilium on the cystoscopic biopsies from the vesical trigone. The clinical symptoms, physicochemical study and bacteriologic culture of urine, cystoscopic changes and histologic findings are compared between the two groups. 1. Both squamous and non-squamous epithelial groups show no significant differences in the clinical and cystoscopic findings. 2. Pathologic changes of the urothelium and lamina propria of the trigonal mucosa are identical with one to the other group. 3. Trigonal cystits with squamous epithelium occurs most frequently in sexually active premenopausal women and less frequently in the female of post-menopause and even rarely in the male. No age and sex predilection are found in the patients with trigonal cystitis without squamous epithelium.
Biopsy ; Cystitis* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Postmenopause ; Urothelium

No abstract available.
Capsaicin ; Nerve Growth Factor ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urothelium*

BACKGROUNDBioreactors are pivotal tools for generating mechanical stimulation in functional tissue engineering study. This study aimed to create a bioreactor that can simulate urinary bladder mechanical properties, and to investigate the effects of a mechanically stimulated culture on urothelial cells and bladder smooth muscle cells.

METHODSWe designed a bioreactor to simulate the mechanical properties of bladder. A pressure-record system was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the bioreactor by measuring the pressure in culture chambers. To test the biocompatibility of the bioreactor, viabilities of urothelial cells and smooth muscle cells cultured in the bioreactor under static and mechanically changed conditions were measured after 7-day culture. To evaluate the effect of mechanical stimulations on the vital cells, urethral cells and smooth muscle cells were cultured in the simulated mechanical conditions. After that, the viability and the distribution pattern of the cells were observed and compared with cells cultured in non-mechanical stimulated condition.

RESULTSThe bioreactor system successfully generated waveforms similar to the intended programmed model while maintaining a cell-seeded elastic membrane between the chambers. There were no differences between viabilities of urothelial cells ((91.90 ± 1.22)% vs. (93.14 ± 1.78)%, P > 0.05) and bladder smooth muscle cells ((93.41 ± 1.49)% vs. (92.61 ± 1.34)%, P > 0.05). The viability of cells and tissue structure observation after cultured in simulated condition showed that mechanical stimulation was the only factor affected cells in the bioreactor and improved the arrangement of cells on silastic membrane.

CONCLUSIONSThis bioreactor can effectively simulate the physiological and mechanical properties of the bladder. Mechanical stimulation is the only factor that affected the viability of cells cultured in the bioreactor. The bioreactor can change the growth behavior of urothelial cells and bladder smooth muscle cells, resulting in the cells undergoing adaptive changes in mechanically-stimulated environment.

Bioreactors ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Urinary Bladder ; cytology ; Urothelium ; cytology