PURPOSE: Incidence of cancer has been increasing each years. The incidence of genitourinary cancer are also being increased. We aim to describe the time trends in genitourinary cancer incidence in Jeju province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Age-standardized rates for incidence of genitourinary tract cancer in Korea and world standard population were calculated using the databases from the Jeju Cancer Rigistry from 1999 to 2012. RESULTS: Cancer incidence in Jeju was increased approximately 2-fold from 1217 cases 1999 to 2376 cases in 1999. Prostate cancer occurred most frequently followed by bladder tumor, and kidney cancer in 2012. In the prostate cancer, incidence was increasing every year from 18 cases in 1999 to 110 cases in 2012. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) was approximately four time increased, from 3.0 cases in 1999 and 11.2 cases in 2012. Incidence of bladder cancer were 43 cases in 1999 and 27 cases in 2012, ASR of bladder cancer was increased from 5.0 cases in 1999 to 7.5 cases in 2012. Kidney cancer showed constantly reducing the incidence. Peak is 60 cases in 2009 and recent incidence was 37 cases in 2012. There was no significant change in the incidence of testicular cancer, ureter cancer, renal pelvis cancer from 1999 to 2012. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of cancer has been increasing in Jeju, similar to other area In Korea. Prostate cancer is the most common urological cancer in Jeju province, and kidney cancer incidence is recently decreasing. We should try to prevent genitourinary tract cancer caused obesity and smoking.
Incidence* ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Kidney Pelvis ; Korea ; Obesity ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urogenital Neoplasms* ; Urologic Neoplasms

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of urologic cancer in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2002 the Korean Urologic Oncology Society (KUOS) decided to evaluate the incidence of Korean urologic cancer. The URO-DMS data obtained by 86 training hospital was analyzed. First, the disease code was simplified; for example, renal cell carcinoma (C64), and thereafter, evaluated for incidence and prevalence, etc. RESULTS: A total of 35,480 patients were newly diagnosed over this period. Bladder cancer was the most common (42.9%) urologic cancer, followed by prostate (26.4%), kidney (22.4%), ureter (3.7%), renal pelvis (3.0%), testis (2.8%), penile (0.2%), urethral (0.1%) and scrotal cancers (0.1%). Male patients outnumbered the females by a ratio of 4.4:1. The incidence rates per 100,000 males for prostate and testicular cancers were 7.73 and 0.81, respectively. The incidence rates per 100,000 persons for bladder, renal, ureter and renal pelvis cancers were 6.36, 3.30, 0.55 and 0.44, respectively. Cancers of the prostate and kidney increased rapidly, but the others increased steadily. CONCLUSIONS: It is hoped that these results would contribute to cancer research and control of cancers in Korea.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Female ; Hope ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Korea* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urologic Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: This descriptive study assessed the current trends in the incidence of urological cancers and patient survival in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this nationwide retrospective observational study based on the data from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (KNCIDB), this study analyzed the age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percentage changes (APCs) of kidney, bladder, prostate, testicular, and penile cancers as well as cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter between 1999 and 2012. The relative survival rates (RSRs) were calculated for urological cancer patients diagnosed between 1993 and 2012 from the KNCIDB data. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 66,812 individuals followed by bladder (41,549) and kidney (36,836) cancers. The overall ASR (18.26 per 100,000) increased with age because of the higher ASRs of bladder and prostate cancers in the elderly. The ASR for kidney cancer was highest in the 40-59-year-old group, whereas testicular cancer occurred most frequently before the age of 40. The incidence of most urological cancers increased (overall APC, 6.39%; p < 0.001), except for penile (APC, –2.01%; p=0.05) and bladder (APC, –0.40%; p=0.25) cancers. The overall survival increased steadily (5-year RSR, 66.4% in 1993-1995 vs. 84.2% in 2008-2012; p < 0.001), particularly for prostate (by 34.10%) and kidney (by 16.30%) cancers, but not for renal pelvis and ureter cancers (–7.20%). CONCLUSION: The most common urological cancer in Korea was prostate cancer followed by bladder and kidney cancers. The incidence of most urological cancers, except for penile and bladder cancers, increased. Survival also increased, particularly for prostate and kidney cancers.
Aged ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Kidney Pelvis ; Korea* ; Male ; Observational Study ; Penile Neoplasms ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate* ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Ureter ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urologic Neoplasms*

Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Urologic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured in the serum of 35 normal control group and 200 urologic cases of tumor and non-tumor groups at the Department of Urology, National Medical Center during the period from November, 1981 to June, 1983. The following results were obtained: 1. Mean serum CEA level in normal control subjects was 3.2 +/- 2.4 ng/ml. 2. Incidence of positive results and mean serum CEA levels in each groups of disease were as follows: 15 of 30 cases (50%) and 30.0 ng/ml in tumor group, 9 of 30 cases (30.0%) and 9.6 ng/ml in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 13 of 55 cases (23.6%) and 7.4 ng/ml in calculous disease group, 5 of 30 cases (16.7%) and 12.8 ng/ml in infectious disease group, 3 of 26 cases ( 11.5%) and 4.6 ng/ml in congenital anomaly group, I of 14 cases (7.1%) and 4.1 ng/ml in injury group. 3. Incidence of positive results and mean serum CEA levels in each tumor were as follows: 9 of 14 cases (64.3%) and 44.6 ng/ml in bladder tumor, 3 of 3 cases (100%) and 33.7 ng/ml in prostate cancer, 1 of 4 cases (25%) and 8.0 ng/ml in renal cell carcinoma, 1 of 2 cases and 13.0 ng/ml in testis tumor, 1 of 1 case and 84.0 ng/ml in renal pelvis tumor. 4. Mostly the frequency of abnormal serum CEA values correlated with the grade and stage of bladder tumor. 5. The raised serum CEA levels declined to normal early in the postoperative period in the tumor and non-tumor groups if adequate surgery had been effected. 6. Due to low positive result in tumor group (50%) and relatively high positive results in non-tumor groups (20.5%), serum CEA values were of little value in the diagnosis of genitourinary tract tumor.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Incidence ; Kidney Pelvis ; Postoperative Period ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Testis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urologic Diseases* ; Urology

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured in the serum of 35 normal control group and 200 urologic cases of tumor and non-tumor groups at the Department of Urology, National Medical Center during the period from November, 1981 to June, 1983. The following results were obtained: 1. Mean serum CEA level in normal control subjects was 3.2 +/- 2.4 ng/ml. 2. Incidence of positive results and mean serum CEA levels in each groups of disease were as follows: 15 of 30 cases (50%) and 30.0 ng/ml in tumor group, 9 of 30 cases (30.0%) and 9.6 ng/ml in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 13 of 55 cases (23.6%) and 7.4 ng/ml in calculous disease group, 5 of 30 cases (16.7%) and 12.8 ng/ml in infectious disease group, 3 of 26 cases ( 11.5%) and 4.6 ng/ml in congenital anomaly group, I of 14 cases (7.1%) and 4.1 ng/ml in injury group. 3. Incidence of positive results and mean serum CEA levels in each tumor were as follows: 9 of 14 cases (64.3%) and 44.6 ng/ml in bladder tumor, 3 of 3 cases (100%) and 33.7 ng/ml in prostate cancer, 1 of 4 cases (25%) and 8.0 ng/ml in renal cell carcinoma, 1 of 2 cases and 13.0 ng/ml in testis tumor, 1 of 1 case and 84.0 ng/ml in renal pelvis tumor. 4. Mostly the frequency of abnormal serum CEA values correlated with the grade and stage of bladder tumor. 5. The raised serum CEA levels declined to normal early in the postoperative period in the tumor and non-tumor groups if adequate surgery had been effected. 6. Due to low positive result in tumor group (50%) and relatively high positive results in non-tumor groups (20.5%), serum CEA values were of little value in the diagnosis of genitourinary tract tumor.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Incidence ; Kidney Pelvis ; Postoperative Period ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Testis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urologic Diseases* ; Urology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of disease-free prostate (PC), kidney (KC), and bladder cancer (BC) survivors with that of the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 331 urological cancer (UC) survivors (114 PC, 108 KC, and 109 BC) aged ≥ 50 years disease-free for at least 1 year after surgery. The control group included 1,177 subjects without a history of cancer. The HRQoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30, the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of any of the functioning sub-scales and symptoms, except significantly lower social functioning observed in BC survivors than that observed in KC survivors. Although the three groups of UC survivors showed essentially similar functioning sub-scales and symptoms when compared to the general population, PC and BC survivors showed significantly lower social functioning and a lower appetite than that observed in controls. KC survivors showed lower physical functioning, as well as higher pain and dyspnea. Although all three groups of UC survivors reported higher financial difficulties, they also reported higher perceived social support than that reported by the non-cancer control group. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of depressive symptoms between each group of UC survivors and the general population. CONCLUSION: Disease-free survivors of the three major types of UCs showed generally similar HRQoL compared to the general population, as well as compared to each other.
Appetite ; Depression* ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Kidney* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Quality of Life* ; Survivors* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urologic Neoplasms

Use of the Hamburger-Salmon soft agar assay method for in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing was tried. In this assay, double soft agar was used to culture 9 human urologic tumors, including 2 renal adenocarcinomas, one Wilms' tumor, 4 bladder transitional cell carcinomas, one paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma and one penile squamous cell carcinoma. Among these cancers, Wilms' tumor and penile carcinoma grew to the extent that they could be used in chemosensitivity testing in soft agar (> or =30 colonies per control plate). It is concluded from this study that in vitro chemosensitivity testing by colony formation assay may be a useful tool in the treatment of urologic cancers, but more experiences should be gathered.
Adenocarcinoma ; Agar ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Urinary Bladder ; Urologic Neoplasms ; Wilms Tumor

The selection of the chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of the urologic malignancy was one of the difficult problem in urologic practice. After the development of the in vivo sensitivity test using subrenal capsular implantation of the cancer tissue, a lot of the application of this assay were performed in various field of the advanced malignancies. We examined the histopathological changes of the implanted urologic cancer tissues under the renal capsule of the mice. The specimens, implanted under the renal capsule, were 14 cases of the bladder cancer, 2 cases of the renal cell carcinoma and one case of the prostatic carcinoma. In experiment, we used 472 immunocompetent normal mice and divide them into two groups, non-immunosuppressed normal mice and immunosuppressed group with intravenous infusion of the cyclophosphamide 200mg/kg 24 hours prior to assay. As the control group, we used athymic nude mice for human urologic cancer and C3H/He strain for MBT-2 bladder cancer. The results we found were as follow ; 1. The growth of the implanted cancer tissues was noticed in 270 mice among 291 which were sacrificed until the 6th postoperative day and the take rate was 92.8%. 2. The growth of the implanted cancer tissues was continuous until the 6th postoperative day progressively but reduced thereafter in immunocompetent group. But in immunosuppressed group, it showed progressive growth of the implanted tissue until the 8th postoperative day. The growth of the control group was similar to the immunosuppressed group, until the 6th postoperative day. 3. Calculation of the proportion of the host cellular infiltration in total dimension of the grafted tissue was done and in immunocompetent group, the 4th postoperative day group was 27.3%, the 6th postoperative group was 89.4% and the 8th postoperative group was 100%. But in contrast in immunosuppressed group, at the 4th postoperative day group was less than 10%, the 6th postoperative day was 29.4% and at the 8th postoperative day group was 91.7%. With above histopathological study, we conclude that the most easy and reasonable subrenal capsular assay(SRCA) in the in vivo chemosensitivity test for the selection of the anticancer chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of the malignancy is the test performed under the immunosuppressed state with cyclophosphamide, 24 hours prior to SRCA, and the results is the most proper at the examination at postoperative 6th day after implantation.
Animals ; Biological Assay ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Cyclophosphamide ; Humans* ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Transplants ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urologic Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: We evaluate the clinical roles of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT) for diagnosing disease in the urogenital tract, and we compared this with the other established radiologic and pathologic diagnoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2006 to June 2007, the total number of subjects who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT was 4,438. The mean patient age was 57.4+/-7.6 years and the ratio of males to females was 1.28:1. During the study period, except for 152 patients who had been given a diagnosis of urologic tumor, 614(14.3%) healthy subjects and 3,672(85.7%) patients with non-urologic tumors were enrolled. The results of detecting urologic disease by 18F-FDG PET/CT were compared with the results of detecting urologic disease by conventional imaging techniques and the postoperative histopathological diagnoses. RESULTS: With including 147 healthy subjects and 251 non-urologic tumor patients, 398 (9.3%) urologic diseases were detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Diseases of the kidney, adrenal and prostate were frequently found(215, 95 and 52 patients, respectively). A thorough examination was indicated for 153(3.6%) of the patients as a result of positive findings that suggested possible tumor. A total 93 urologic cancers were confirmed, and the overall positive predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 60.7%. The positive predictive value for adrenal, kidney, bladder and prostate cancer were 87.7%, 73.3%, 57.1% and 14.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 18F-FDG PET/CT was not superior to conventional imaging for making the diagnosis of urologic disease. But 18F-FDG PET/CT was more predictive for adrenal and renal tumor than for bladder and prostate tumor. So, urologic tumor that is incidentally detected on 18F-FDG PET/ CT, and especially adrenal and renal tumor, should be closely evaluated.
Electrons ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Urinary Bladder ; Urologic Diseases ; Urologic Neoplasms