PURPOSE: Terpene combination (Rowatinex) is known to help with the expulsion of urinary stones. The aim of this study was to determine how Rowatinex affects the expulsion of remnant stones after shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data were collected retrospectively from 499 patients with a diagnosis of ureteral stones who underwent SWL from January 2009 to August 2012. Ureteral stones were diagnosed in all patients by kidney, ureter, and bladder x-ray and abdominal computed tomography (CT). The progress of patients was documented every 2 weeks to confirm remnant stones after SWL. The patients with remnant stones underwent SWL again. Group 1 consisted of patients who were prescribed an analgesic, Tamsulosin 0.2 mg, and Rowatinex. Group 2 consisted of patients who were prescribed only an analgesic and Tamsulosin 0.2 mg. The expulsion rate of urinary stones was compared between groups. RESULTS: The expulsion rate of urinary stones was not significantly different between the two groups after 2 weeks. However, after 4 weeks, group 1 had a significantly higher expulsion rate (72.2% compared with 61.1%, p=0.022). Fifteen patients (10.2%) in group 1 and 40 (11.4%) in group 2 had to undergo ureteroscopic removal of the stone (p=0.756). Acute pyelonephritis occurred in one patient (0.7%) in group 1 and in one patient (0.3%) in group 2 (p=0.503). CONCLUSIONS: The long-term administration of Rowatinex for 4 weeks increased the expulsion rate of urinary stones after SWL.
Calculi* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lithotripsy* ; Pyelonephritis ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock* ; Ureter* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis

The analysis of urinary calculi is an essential step in the examination and initial treatment of the patient with urolithiasis. Among the various methods of stone analysis, we have used x-ray diffraction method for analyzing urinary calculi. The advantage of x-ray diffraction is its almost absolute identification of crystalline materials and mixtures of crystalline materials. The disadvantage of x-ray diffraction include initial high cost of equipment and inability to identify amorphous materials and constituents present in only minor or trace amounts. We have analyzed 127 urinary calculi by x-ray diffraction method, which were obtained from the patients who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital during the period of 5 years from Jan. l98l to Dec. l985. The following results were obtained: 1. In this studies, 8 crystalline components of urinary calculi were demonstrated: Calcium oxalate monohydrate, Calcium oxalate dehydrate, Calcium oxalate trihydrate, Hydroxyl-apatite, Magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, Uric acid and Cystine. 2. Calculi of single component, comprising 73 (57.6%) of the total, was more common than those of mixed component, 54 (42.4%) of the total. Calcium oxalate monohydrate was the most common pure calculi, composing 46 (36.2 %) of all pure calculi and mixed calcium oxalate monohydratecalcium oxalate dihydrate calculi was the most common mixed calculi, constituting 20 (15.7%) of all mixed Calculi. 3. Classifying author`s results as Jensen`s classification, pure calcium oxalate and calcium oxalate apatite mixtures composed 87.3% of total, magnesium ammonium phosphate-apatite mixtures constituted 4.O%, uric acid comprised 6.5%. 4. Among the all urinary components analyzed in this studies, calcium oxalate monohydrate was the most common constituent, composing 78% of the total and calcium oxalate dihydrate was the second common constituent, comprising 37.6%, calcium oxalate was the most common component, composing 9l.3% of the total. 5. In the components associated with calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate was the most common associated component, in calcium oxalate dihydrate calcium oxalate monohydrate, in hydroxyl-apatite calcium oxalate monohydrate, in uric acid calcium oxalate monohydrate 6. According to the distribution of urinary component in each urinary organ, calcium oxalate (esp. calcium oxalate monohydrate exceeded 50%) was the most common component in entire urinary tract, which comprised 59.1% of all renal calculi, 69.4% of all ureteral calculi, 33.3% of all bladder calculi and 100% of all urethral calculi. 7. Of 44 renal calculi, 30 were composed of staghorn calculi, in which calcium oxalate was the most common component, constituting 56.6% of 30 staghorn calculi.
Ammonium Compounds ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Classification ; Crystallins ; Cystine ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Kidney Calculi ; Magnesium ; Ureteral Calculi ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract ; Urolithiasis ; Urology ; X-Ray Diffraction*

During the period, Jan. 1961 to Sept. 1962. 77 cases of urinary tract calculi were seen at the C.A.H. This is 1.13% of all ambulatory patients seen at the urology section. Commonest sites were, ureter (63.6%), bladder (18.2%), kidney (9.1%) and urethra (9.1%) in that order. In age distribution, 21-25 years old was the highest (52.1%), and this might reflect the nature of the military hospital. In management, ureterolithotomy was the most commonly used procedure (31.2%), 20.8% of the cases were managed non-operating. Phosphate and oxalates stone were found more commonly in upper urinary tracts. Their break down was as follow; Phosphates 46.8%, Oxalates 23.8%, Oxalates and Phosphates 10.4%, The other properties 19.0%.
Age Distribution ; Calculi ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Kidney ; Oxalates ; Phosphates ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract ; Urolithiasis ; Urology

A statistical observation was made on 841 cases of urolithiasis among the l.004 cases which were seen during the 15 years period from January 1963 to December. 1977. 1. The incidence of the patients with urolithiasis was 1.85 % of total urological patients and 19.2 % of the inpatients. 2. The incidence of the patients with urolithiasis did not increase in spite of increasing annual incidence of inpatients. 3. They consisted of 266 patients with kidney stone (29 %) . 573 patients with ureter stone (61 %). 68 patients with bladder stone (7%) .and 26 patients with urethral stone (3%) The ratio of upper urinary tract stones to lower urinary tract stones was 9 to I. Among the 266 cases of the kidney stone, 21 cases were staghorn calculi. 4. The most favored predilection of ureter stones was lower 1/3 of ureter in 61% of these. 5. Seasonal variation of urolithiasis was not distinct, but the summer was the most favored season. 6. They were most commonly found between the ages of 20 to 50 (82 %). The causes were not found in all cases of childhood urolithiasis ( 8 cases) under the ages of 10. 7. The ratio of males to females was 2.7 to 1, however, the staghorn calculi were more commonly found in female. The ratio of males to females under age of 25 years was 1.8 to 1. 8. The upper urinary tract calculi occurred both in the right and left side with approximately equal frequency. 9. Multilocated stones were found in 10.7 % of all cases and bilateral stones were found in the 8.4% of the all cases. 10. The clinical symptoms of upper urinary tract calculi were flank pain in 85%, hematuria in 27.7 %, frequency in 17.8 %, nausea and vomiting in 10.4 %, and fever in 7.2%. The clinical symptoms of lower urinary tract calculi were painful urination in 78.7%, frequency in 48.8%, hematuria in 33%, and sudden stoppage in 33%. 11. The microscopic hematuria was found in 68.2% and pyuria in 47.7%. 12. Treatment consisted of surgical intervention in 70.3%, rnknown or expectant therpay in 14.4%, spontaneous expelling in 8.5%, and instrumental manipulation in 6.9%. 13. Definite histor of recurrent calculi was found in 27 cases (3.2%) and average duration of recurrence was 2.5 years.
Calculi ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Kidney Calculi ; Male ; Nausea ; Pyuria ; Recurrence ; Seasons ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Tract ; Urination ; Urolithiasis* ; Vomiting

Two hundred sixteen patients with symptomatic urinary calculi underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy utilizing Therasonic Lithotripsy System (Theratonic LT -1000) at Kyunepook National Universily Hospital from April 1991 to march 1992. About 95.O per cent of stones were completely treated with one to nine session. The stone-free rate for patients with renal, upper and lower ureteral calculi was 93.9, 94.4 and 97.8 per cent respectively. Stone-free rate for individual patient depended on stone size. location. composition. and quality of disintegration. Postextracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy complications were minimal, these were gross hematuria. fever. flank pain, gastrointestinal trouble and stein strasse. Combined therapy utilizing percutaneous surgery or multiple sequential ESWL treatments is necessary for complex stones. In our opinion. ESWL utilizing Therasonic Lithotripsy System is more safe and effective treatment modality for urinary calculi except midureter and bladder than others.
Fever ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Shock ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis*

A clinical study was made on 103 cases of urinary calculi among the number of 464 inpatients during 2 years and 8 months from January 1977 to August 1979, and chemical analysis was performed on 80 cases of urinary calculi which were collected. The results were as followings; 1. The incidence of urinary calculi was 22.2% in inpatients, and male to female ratio was approximately 1.9 : 1. and 81.6% of the patients of urinary calculi were distributed in 20 to 49 years old. 2. The location of urinary calculi were ureter 53.4%. kidney 30.1%, bladder 13.6% and urethra 2.9%. and upper urinary tract calculi was 83.5% and lower urinary tract calculi was 16.5%. The most common size was 1.0-2.9cm (68.8%), and below 0.9cm and above 6.0cm in its diameter were 5% respectively. 3. The results of chemical analysis of 80 urinary calculi revealed oxalate salt in 72.5%. phosphate salt in 70.0%, and single composition was 22.5%, Among the upper urinary tract calculi, oxalate salt were 60.0%, and phosphate salt were 51.3%. but in lower urinary tract, especially in bladder stones, ammonium salt were 83.3%. 4. The calculi which composed with ammonium salt were closely related with infection than other composed calculi.
Ammonium Compounds ; Calculi ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Kidney ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract ; Urolithiasis

A Statistical analysis was made on 275 cases of urinary calculi During the period from Jan.. 1963 to Aug. 1972, on the Department of Urology of Han-il Hospital and the results were obtained as following; 1. The incidence of urinary calculi was 3.09 % of out-patients. 2. The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 30 years in approximately 70 percent. 3. A seasonal occurrence was highest during summer on 31 percent. 4. The locational distribution of urinary calculi was 71.6 percent in ureter, 18.2 percent in kidney, 7.5 percent in bladder, 2. 7 percent in urethra. 5. The locational distribution of ureter calculi was 66 percent in lower, 22 percent in middle and 12 percent in upper portion. 6. In a number of urinary calculi, 89. 8 percent was single and 5.8 percent was double and 4.4 % was more than 2. 7. The ureterolithotomy was performed on 74 of 197cases requiring surgical intervention. Cystoscopic manipulation (Spontaneous Expelled) and conservative treatment were 120 cases of 197 cases. Other manner on 3 cases. 8. The results of qualitative analysis of 240 urinary calculi showed cal. Phosphate + oxalate in 53.7 percent, Cal phosphate in 13.7 percent, Calcium phosphate + ammonate in 7.5 percent, Ca phosphate +carbonate in 7.1 percent, Ca carbonate in 5.O percent. Ca oxalate in' 4.2 percent. etc.
Calcium ; Calculi ; Carbon ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Outpatients ; Seasons ; Statistics as Topic* ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis* ; Urology

The problem of urolithiasis remains unsolved despite a vast amount of clinical observation and experimental research. But the accurate analysis of urinary stone is fundamental for study of the etiology of stone formation and essential for treatment of urinary stone and its prevention. A retrospective review of stone analysis was performed by special analytic facilities, Louis C. Herring and Company, which was certified by many urologists in worldwide. The stones were obtained from the patients visited our hospital during the period from September, 1987 to July, 1992. And the following results were obtained. 1. The male to female ratio was approximately 1.9:1, and 76.7% of patients of urinary calculi were distributed in 30 to 60 years old. 2. The location of urinary calculi were ureter 57.5%, kidney 35.2%, bladder 4.2% and urethra 3.1%. 3. Among the all components analyzed in this study, calcium oxalate monohydrate was the most common constituents, comprising 84.5% of the total. And the calcium oxalate dihydrate and calcium phosphate were the second common constituents, comprising 72.5 %. 4. Calculi of mixed component, comprising 86.5 %, was more common than those of single component, comprising 13.5%. Calcium oxalate monohydrate was the most common component in both pure and mixed stone. 5. Reclassifying authors' result according to the main group for comparison with previous other results, authors' result was different form those of western, but similar with middle and far eastern results.
Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis*

A clinical study was made on 98 cases of urinary calculi among the total number of 6061 out patients during the 4 years from January 1967 to December 1970, and safely reserved the specimens during the same period in our department, were analyzed by a chemical method. The results were as following; 1. The incidence of urinary calculi was 1. 65%. 2. The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 30 years in approximately three fourth of all cases. 3. The location of the urinary calculi was in the ureter in 52.07%, kidney; 20.41%, bladder 24.46% and urethra; 3.06% in that order. 4. The most favored ureteral stone was lower third of ureter in approximately 54.12% of all case 5. In the number of urinary calculi in each location 89.79 % was single. 6. The most favored season of urinary calculi was summer(38. 18%). 7. The clinical symptoms of upper urinary tract calculi showed flank pain in 92.95%, hematuria; 49. 95%, frequent urination; 9.8%, and painful urination; 12. 0% as well as lower urinary tract, painful urination; 100%, frequent urination; 66.67% hematuria; 33.33%, and suprapubic discomfort; 37. 03%. 8. Ureterolithotomy was performed on 33 cases among the 70 cases requiring surgical intervention 9. The results of analysis of 98 cases urinary calculi showed a mixed type of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate in 47.96% of the cases. The major component of urinary calculi was calcium phosphate oxalate.
Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Outpatients ; Seasons ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Tract ; Urination ; Urolithiasis*

Urolithiasis is uncommon and one of the late complication of kidney transplantation. Urolithiasis is reported in approximately 1% of all renal allografts. Nonabsorbable suture material, recurrent urinary tract infection and persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism are knowned as the major predisposing factors. The clinical presentations have differd from that in the nontrans plant patient because of cutting off the nervous system and they usually manifested renal failure. We experienced a case of recurrent urolithiasis after renal transplantation. The bladder stone was discovered at the site of ureteroneocystostomy site by cystoscopy 4 months after and the stone was removed by cystolitholapaxy. The stone analysis revealed calcium stone. One month later, ureteropelvic stone recurred and ESWL was done. No further calculi have developed during observational period and allograft function remains satisfactory.
Allografts ; Calcium ; Calculi ; Causality ; Cystoscopy ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Nervous System ; Plants ; Renal Insufficiency ; Sutures ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urolithiasis*