Urodynamic evaluation is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure that can cause physical distress and is difficult to perform in uncooperative patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of consciousness on urodynamic evaluation in an animal model. Repeated cystometry, electromyogram, and measurement of serum cortisol concentrations were performed in female cats under conscious (CON), conscious sedation (CS) and deep anesthesia (DA) conditions. Urodynamic evaluation showed that there were no statistical differences in maximum detrusor pressure or bladder capacity observed among the three conditions. Under the DA condition, but not the CON and CS conditions, bladder contraction was accompanied by an un-relaxed anal sphincter. Residue urine volume significantly increased in the DA condition compared to the CON and CS conditions. The levels of serum cortisol significantly increased after performing urodynamic evaluation under the CON condition, whereas these levels were not significantly increased under the CS and DA conditions. This study showed that conscious sedation has no adverse effects on the urodynamic variables, and that it significantly reduces distress in cats undergoing the examination. These results may provide novel insights for performing urodynamic studies in uncooperative patients.
Animals ; Cats ; *Consciousness ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Models, Animal ; Urinary Bladder/physiology ; Urination/physiology ; Urodynamics/*physiology

This paper presents the preliminary design of data acquisition system of a portable uroflowmeter. The system uses double-hole cantilever pressure sensor. The signal is transferred to ATmega644PA microprogrammed control unit (MCU), converted by A/D (analog to digital) convertor. Then the further data are processed and get the corresponding relationship of weight-time and two curves of urine flow and urinary flow rate. In the measurement accuracy of the device about urine flow, two factors about the placement and height of the data acquisition are analyzed to show the accuracy of the equipment through the Origin 8.0 data analysis software. The design is characterized by low cost and high speed of data collection, real-time, high accuracy.
Data Collection ; Flowmeters ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Software ; Urination ; physiology ; Urodynamics ; physiology

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between uroflowmetry and age, the course of disease, premicturition volume, transition zone index and proportion of stroma-to-epithelium in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. METHODS: Eighty-nine BPH patients in our hospital from 2000 to 2003 were evaluated. With the CMM3 pathology image analysis system, transrectal ultrasound and Dantec 2000 urodynamic instrument, the value of influence factors was determined. A linear regression was applied to analyze all the data by SPSS software. RESULTS: The flow rate was correlated to premicturition volume ( r = 0. 477, P < 0.01) and proportion of stroma-to-epithelium significantly ( r = - 0.437, P < 0.05) , but was not correlated to the age, the course of disease and transition zone index significantly. The parameter of flow rate/premicturition volume had no difference in 3 micturitions in all patients. CONCLUSION The parameter (flow rate/premicturition volume)could be used to evaluate the micturition status of the BPH patients whose bladder volume is less than 200 ml. We should pay more attention to receptor blockers when we treat BPH patients.
Aged ; Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; physiopathology ; Urination ; physiology ; Urodynamics ; physiology

To investigate the relationship between the endogenous steroid hormones and the lower urinary tract function in postmenopausal women. Thirty postmeopausal volunteer women who did not have lower urinary tract symptoms or hormone replacement therapy were enrolled in this study. Urodynamic studies included uroflowmetry, multi-channel cystometry, and urethral pressure profilometry were conducted. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to measure the urinary endogenous steroid hormone metabolites. The relationship between the urinary profile of the endogenous steroids and the urodynamic parameters of these patients were investigated. The mean ages of the patients were 60.6 +/- 5.5 years, and the Body Mass Index (BMI) averaged 24.56 +/- 2.23 (kg/m2). Of the progesterone metabolites, pregnandiol was significantly related to the residual volume in the uroflowmetry and the functional urethral length parameters (R=0.98, p=0.000; R= -0.65, p=0.04). Pregnantriol was significantly related to the maximum flow rate, the residual volume in uroflowmetry, the maximum urethral closure pressure and the functional urethral length (R=-0.64, p=0.04; R=0.82, p=0.01; R=0.04, p=0.04; R=- 0.79, p=0.01). In the androgen metabolites, androstenedione, 5-AT, 11- keto Et, 11-betahydroxy Et, THS, and THE were significantly related to the residual volume in uroflowmetry (R=0.92, p=0.001; R=0.84, p=0.008; R=0.99, p=0.000; R=0.72, p=0.03; R=0.97, p=0.000; R=0.85, p=0.00). beta-THF/alpha-THF was significantly related to the maximum flow rate, the residual volume in uroflowmetry, the maximum urethral closure pressure and the functional urethral length (R=-0.76, p=0.02; R=0.67, p=0.04; R=0.74, p=0.02; R=-0.92, p=0.000). alpha-cortol was significantly related to the residual volume in uroflowmetry, the maximum urethral closure pressure and the functional urethral length (R=0.81, p=0.01; R=0.71, p=0.03; R=-0.87, p=0.000). Of the estrogen metabolites, estrone (E1) was significantly related to the normal desire to void (R=0.68, p=0.04) and 17 beta-estradiol/estrone was also significantly related to the normal and strong desire to void (R=-0.70, p=0.03 and R=-0.74, p=0.02, respectively). The urinary progesterone and androgen metabolite concentrations were positively related to the residual volume in uroflowmetry and positively or negatively related to MUCP and FUL. However, the urinary estrone concentration was positively related to the normal desire to void and 17 beta-estradiol/estrone was significantly related to the normal and strong desire to void.
Aged ; Androgens/*metabolism ; Bladder/physiology ; Estrogens/*metabolism ; Female ; Human ; Mass Fragmentography ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause/*physiology ; Progesterone/metabolism ; Urethra/physiology ; *Urodynamics

Animals ; Extracellular Matrix ; physiology ; Female ; Rabbits ; Radiography ; Tissue Engineering ; Urinary Bladder ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Urodynamics

OBJECTIVETo compare suprapubic puncture and transurethral catheterization for pressure-flow determination during voiding in BPH patients.

METHODSBoth suprapubic puncture and transurethral catheterization were used for pressure-flow determinations during voiding in 23 BPH patients at the mean age of 69.3 years (range 57-77 years) and the related parameters were compared by t-test.

RESULTSCompared with transurethral catheterization, suprapubic puncture increased Qmax by 1.19 mn/s (P <0.05) and MMC by 66.61 ml (P <0.01) , and reduced the pressure of detrusor at Qmax (Pdet, Qmax) by 10.57 cmH2O (P < 0.05), URA by 11.39 cmH2O (P < 0.01) and AG by 12.94 (P < 0.01). Either according to the Schäfer diagram or with AG > 40 as the diagnostic standard, there were 16 (69.6%) cases of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in the suprapubic puncture group and 20 (87.0%) in the transurethral catheterization group.

CONCLUSIONIn pressure-flow determination during voiding, suprapubic puncture and transurethral catheterization each have its own advantages and disadvantages, but the former is preferred for BPH patients. As for other patients, it all depends on specific conditions.

Aged ; Cystostomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urination ; physiology ; Urodynamics

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy/adverse effects/*methods ; Postoperative Complications/*prevention & control ; Urinary Bladder/*innervation/physiopathology ; Urodynamics/*physiology

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has its unique therapeutic efforts on chronic prostatitis, a common disease of the adult male. This article systematically reviews several aspects below: anti-inflammation, anti-infection, anti-fibrosis, micro-circulation improvement, urodynamics improvement, immunomodulation, improvement of the pH value of prostatic fluid and percolation dynamics of prostatic drugs, adjustment of the microelement zinc, and the characteristics of TCM therapy. It also points out the gaps in recent researches and the focal points of future development.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microcirculation ; Prostatitis ; immunology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urodynamics ; Zinc ; physiology

Animals ; Consciousness ; Cyclophosphamide ; toxicity ; Female ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Urodynamics ; physiology

BACKGROUNDWork in voiding (WIV) of the bladder may be used to evaluate bladder status throughout urination rather than at a single time point. Few studies, however, have assessed WIV owing to the complexity of its calculations. We have developed a method of calculating work capacity of the bladder while voiding and analyzed the associations of bladder work parameters with bladder contractile function and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).

METHODSThe study retrospectively evaluated 160 men and 23 women, aged >40 years and with a detrusor pressure at maximal flow rate (PdetQmax) of ≥40 cmH2O in men, who underwent urodynamic testing. The bladder power integration method was used to calculate WIV; WIV per second (WIV/t) and WIV per liter of urine voided (WIV/v) were also calculated. In men, the relationships between these work capacity parameters and PdetQmax and Abrams-Griffiths (AG) number were determined using linear-by-linear association tests, and relationships between work capacity parameters and BOO grade were investigated using Spearman's association test.

RESULTSThe mean WIV was 1.15 ± 0.78 J and 1.30 ± 0.88 J, mean WIV/t was 22.95 ± 14.45 mW and 23.78 ± 17.02 mW, and mean WIV/v was 5.59 ± 2.32 J/L and 2.83 ± 1.87 J/L in men and women, respectively. In men, WIV/v showed significant positive associations with PdetQmax (r = 0.845, P = 0.000), AG number (r = 0.814, P = 0.000), and Schafer class (r = 0.726, P = 0.000). Conversely, WIV and WIV/t showed no associations with PdetQmax or AG number. In patients with BOO (Schafer class > II), WIV/v correlated positively with increasing BOO grade.

CONCLUSIONSWIV can be calculated from simple urodynamic parameters using the bladder power integration method. WIV/v may be a marker of BOO grade, and the bladder contractile function can be evaluated by WIV and WIV/t.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Contraction ; physiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; physiology ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; physiopathology ; Urodynamics ; physiology