Escherichia coli ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections ; urine ; Humans ; Urinary Tract Infections ; microbiology ; urine ; Urine ; microbiology

BACKGROUND: Microscopic examination of urine sediment is one of the most commonly performed tests in the clinical laboratory. However, manual microscopic sediment examination is labor-intensive, time-consuming and imprecise. In this study, we evaluated the analytical performance and clinical usefulness of a recently introduced image-based automated urinalysis system, Iris iQ200 (Iris Diagnostics, USA). METHODS: We assessed the iQ200 for linearity, precision and carryover rate using patient's samples and quality control materials. On 337 urine samples, urine sediment analyses performed by the iQ200 were compared with manual microscopy results. RESULTS: The iQ200 showed a good linearity (r2>0.99) for all cellular components analyzed. Within-run and total CVs on urine specimens and quality control samples were less than 10% except for within-run CV for the samples with low concentration of the squamous epithelial cells. The carryover rates were 0.21% for RBCs and 1.92% for WBCs. The agreement rates within one grade between the iQ200 and manual microscopy for RBCs, WBCs, and squamous epithelial cells were 93.8%, 94.2% and 96.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Since the iQ200 showed a reliable analytical performance and good concordance with manual microscopy, it could be useful in the clinical practice as a screening procedure.
Autoanalysis/methods ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinalysis/*instrumentation ; Urine/*cytology/microbiology

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Efforts to decrease the use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins are required to prevent the selection and transmission of multi-drug resistant pathogens, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The objectives of this study were to assess the clinical efficacy of intravenous cefuroxime as an empirical antibiotic for the treatment of hospitalized women with acute pyelonephritis (APN) caused by Escherichia coli. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical and microbiologic database of 328 hospitalized women with community-onset APN. RESULTS: Of 328 women with APN, 22 patients had cefuroxime-resistant E. coli APN, and 306 patients had cefuroxime-susceptible E. coli APN. The early clinical success rates were significantly higher (p = 0.001) in the cefuroxime-susceptible group (90.8%, 278/306) than in the cefuroxime-resistant group (68.2%, 15/22) at 72 hours. The clinical cure rates at 4 to 14 days after completing antimicrobial therapy were not significantly different in the cefuroxime-resistant or -susceptible groups, with 88.2% (15/17) and 97.8% (223/228; p = 0.078), respectively. The microbiological cure rates were not significantly different and were 90.9% (10/11) and 93.4% (128/137), respectively (p =0.550). The median duration of hospitalization in the cefuroxime-resistant and -susceptible groups was 10 days (interquartile range [IQR], 8 to 13) and 10 days (IQR, 8 to 14), respectively (p =0.319). CONCLUSIONS: Cefuroxime, a second-generation cephalosporin, can be used for the initial empirical therapy of community-onset APN if tailored according to uropathogen identification and susceptibility results, especially in areas where the prevalence rate of ESBL-producing uropathogens is low.
Administration, Intravenous ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Cefuroxime/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology/urine ; Databases, Factual ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/*drug effects/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology/urine ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Pyelonephritis/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology/urine ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology/urine ; Urine/microbiology

Aged ; Bacteriuria ; urine ; Color ; Female ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Indigo Carmine ; Indoles ; Polyvinyls ; Syndrome ; Urinary Catheterization ; instrumentation ; Urinary Tract Infections ; microbiology ; urine

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the severe pathogenic bacteria during the perinatal period, both on pregnant women and newborns. GBS infection may lead to pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis or other severe disease, even death in neonates. Although only 1%-2% infections will develop into GBS disease among the neonates, the etiological mechanism of which is worth researching. This review summarizes the possible factors related to GBS infection or occurrence of the disease, including the risk in gestation period (for example, colonization of GBS on vagina of pregnant women, preterm birth or premature rupture of fetal membranes and so on), related pathogens (bacteria strains, loads or virulence), immune level (inflammatory factor or neutralizing anticytokine auto-Abs), gene defect or primary immunodeficiencies of the hosts.
Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/urine* ; Premature Birth ; Streptococcal Infections/urine* ; Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification* ; Vagina/microbiology*

Attempts were made to culture Spirulina platensis in human urine directly to achieve biomass production and O(2) evolution, for potential application to nutrient regeneration and air revitalization in life support system. The culture results showed that Spirulina platensis grows successfully in diluted human urine, and yields maximal biomass at urine dilution ratios of 140 approximately 240. Accumulation of lipid and decreasing of protein occurred due to N deficiency. O(2) release rate of Spirulina platensis in diluted human urine was higher than that in Zarrouk medium.
Biomass ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyanobacteria ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Life Support Systems ; Oxygen ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Urine ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigated the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of anthocyanins extracted from black soybean on the chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) rat model.

METHODSThe Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, including control, ciprofloxacin, anthocyanins and anthocyanins with ciprofloxacin groups (n=8 in each group). Then, drip infusion of bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli Z17 O:K:H) into Sprague-Dawley rats was conducted to induce CBP. In 4 weeks, results of prostate tissue, urine culture, and histological analysis on the prostate were analyzed for each group.

RESULTSThe use of ciprofloxacin, anthocyanins, and anthocyanins with ciprofloxacin showed statistically significant decreases in bacterial growth and improvements in the reduction of prostatic inflammation compared with the control group (P<0.05). The anthocyanins with ciprofloxacin group showed a statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth and improvement in prostatic inflammation compared with the ciprofloxacin group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that anthocyanins may have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, as well as a synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin. Therefore, we suggest that the combination of anthocyanins and ciprofloxacin may be effective in treating CBP to obtain a higher rate of treatment success.

Acinar Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Animals ; Anthocyanins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Disease Models, Animal ; Escherichia coli Infections ; drug therapy ; urine ; Fibrosis ; Inflammation ; pathology ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Prostate ; drug effects ; microbiology ; pathology ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; urine ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Severity of Illness Index ; Soybeans ; chemistry ; Urine ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of urine sediment analyzer in the screening of clinically suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) in cancer patients.

METHODSThe results of bacterial count of 1 053 midstream urine samples by UF-1000i urine sediment analyzer (UF-1000i urine sediment analyzer, UF-1000i) were compared with the results of bacterial culture. Moreover, the results of distinguishing bacterial species by the bacterial scattergram were compared with the results of bacteria culture. At the same time, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of UF-1000i analyzer for UTI screening were evaluated.

RESULTSOf all the 1 053 samples, the top three bacteria were E. coli, Enterococci and P. aeruginosa. The top three malignant tumors of UTI were bladder, lung cancer and cervical cancers. The positive rate of UF-1000i analyzer was 20% (211/1 053), and that of bacteria culture was 17.9% (188/1 053). There was statistically no significant difference in the positive rates between the two methods (χ(2)=1.636, P>0.05), and the two methods had a considerable consistency (Kappa=0.756). Compared with the clinical diagnosis, UTI screening by UF-1000i analyzer showed a sensitivity of 79.6% (160/201), specificity of 95.5% (814/852), positive predictive value of 80.8% (160/198) and negative predictive value of 95.2%(814/855). The distribution of cocci and bacilli acquired by the bacterial scattergram was basically in accordance with the results of bacterial culture.

CONCLUSIONSBacterial count by UF-1000i analyzer plays an important role in early screening of UTI, and the bacterial scattergram may help to distinguish bacterial species, providing reference for the use of antibiotics in early medication.

Bacterial Load ; Enterococcus ; isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung Neoplasms ; urine ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; isolation & purification ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; urine ; Urinary Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; urine ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; urine

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) is increasing. In an outpatient setting, there are limited therapeutic options to treat ESBL-producing pathogens. We evaluated the outcomes of amikacin outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) for UTIs caused by ESBL-EC in patients not pre-treated with carbapenem. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of amikacin OPAT for UTIs caused by ESBL-EC. RESULTS: From November 2011 to October 2012, eight females, who could not be hospitalized for carbapenem treatment, were treated with amikacin OPAT for nine episodes of non-bacteremic ESBL-EC UTIs. Seven of the eight patients had one or more comorbidities. Of the nine UTI cases, three had symptomatic lower UTIs and six had non-bacteremic upper UTIs. In all of the cases, symptomatic and laboratory improvements were observed following amikacin OPAT. One patient showed a delayed relapse with bilateral microabscesses 3 weeks after treatment cessation; however, a clinical and microbiological cure was eventually reached. All of the patients were able to tolerate amikacin OPAT without any significant nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Amikacin OPAT represents a feasible therapeutic option for non-bacteremic UTIs caused by ESBL-EC in settings with limited resources.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ambulatory Care ; Amikacin/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Escherichia coli/*drug effects/enzymology/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology/urine ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology/urine ; Urine/microbiology ; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; beta-Lactamases/*metabolism

No abstract available.
Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Catheter-Related Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Color ; Equipment Design ; Escherichia coli Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Pigments, Biological/metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Tryptophan/metabolism ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery ; Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects/*instrumentation ; *Urinary Catheters ; *Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Urine/chemistry/microbiology