Residual urine can be erroneously estimated due to cystic pelvic pathology by portable ultrasound scanning. We report a case involving a false-positive elevated postvoid residual urine result using a bladder ultrasound caused by an ovarian cystadenoma unrelated to the urinary tract.
Cystadenoma* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Pathology ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract

In order to study the association between lower urinary tract infection and cystitis glandularis (CG), 120 cases of CG were diagnosed by cystoscopic biopsy in the suspicious foci of the bladder. Among them, 72 cases were subjected to bacterial counting culture of urine and microscopic examination of urinary sediment, and 60 cases to fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) assay to detect HPV, CMV and HSV DNA in urine samples. In the 72 cases of CG, the positive rate of bacterial counting culture of urine was 15.3% (11/72), and gray zone rate was 18.1% (13/72). 31.9% (23/72) patients were positive in bacterioscopy of urinary sediment. There was statistically significant difference as compared with the control group (P<0.01). Only 4 of 60 urine samples were positive by FQ-PCR in detection of the three viruses mentioned above with the positive rate being 6.67%. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). It was concluded that the genesis of CG was closely correlated with the chronic lower urinary tract infection, especially caused by Esch coli.
Cystitis/etiology ; Cystitis/microbiology ; Cystitis/*pathology ; *Escherichia coli Infections ; Metaplasia ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology ; Urinary Bladder/*pathology ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/*microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/pathology

To study the relationship between bacterial infection and the etiology of cystitis glandularis, 36 female Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. No intervention was given to the rats in the blank group. NS was infused into the bladder of the rats of the control group, and solution containing E. coli was injected into the bladder of experimental group. Three months later, tissue samples of bladder were collected and observed visually and under light microscope. The results showed that tissues of the blank group were normal; one sample in the control group showed Brunn's nests and cystitis cystica, and 10 in the experimental group had the change of cystitis glandularis. Compared to the blank and control group, samples in the experimental group showed significant change (P<0.05). There were no significant difference between blank group and control group (P>0.05). It is concluded that bladder instillation of E. coli can induce cystitis glandularis, which confirms that infection is the cause of cystitis glandularis.
Cystitis/etiology ; Cystitis/*microbiology ; Cystitis/*pathology ; Escherichia coli Infections/*pathology ; Rats, Wistar ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology ; Urinary Bladder/*pathology ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/*microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/pathology

PURPOSE: Prostaglandin in the urinary bladder could be changed due to pathology of bladder and this change could be noted in the urine. This study was performed to investigate the changes in urinary prostaglandins in male patient with lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups included 60 male LUTS patients and 15 healthy male patients were used as the reference controls. Evaluation included history taking, urinalysis, IPSS and urodynamic study. The urinary concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in voided urine were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and these results were compared with control group. RESULTS: The IPSS scores of LUTS patients were higher than those of control patients. Also, detrusor overactivity was found in 30 patients and bladder outlet obstruction was found in 38 patients from urodynamic study. The urinary concentration of PGE2 was significantly increased in LUTS patients compared with control patients. The urinary concentration of PGF2alpha was not statistically significant between LUTS patients and control patients. The urinary concentration of PGE2 was decreased in LUTS patients with detrusor underactivity and negatively correlated to maximal bladder capacity. However, The urinary concentration of PGF2alpha was not correlated with IPSS and urodynamic parameters. CONCLUSION: Prostaglandins may play a role in lower urinary tract symptoms, and these changes can be detected in urine sample. Therefore, urinary PG may be used as a marker to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms.
Dinoprost ; Dinoprostone ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Male ; Pathology ; Prostaglandins ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Tract ; Urodynamics

Patients with signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia undergo excretory urography as a part of the diagnostic measures. The investigation is expected to yield information on the upper urinary tract and pathology of the bladder. But the necessity of excretory urography as a routine study before prostatectomy has been questioned. Herein we analyzed 154 patients who underwent excretory urography before prostatectomy at department of Urology, Masan Koryo General Hospital from January 1990 to December 1992. Of 154 patients, 117(76.0% ) showed normal upper tract with cystogram compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 19(12.3% ) dilated upper tract. 1 (0.6% ) nonvisualized kidney, 9(5. 8%) incidental upper tract anomalies, 12(7.8% ) urolithiasis. Most of these anomalies could not alter the planned therapeutical procedures. We concluded that excretory urography is not always necessary in diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but only in selected cases.
Diagnosis ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pathology ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract ; Urography* ; Urolithiasis ; Urology

Humans ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology* ; Urinary Tract/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology* ; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology* ; Ureter/pathology*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology of fetuses with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) by whole exome sequencing (WES). METHODS: WES was performed on DNA extracted from cord blood samples of 26 fetuses with unexplained CAKUT with/without other structural anomalies. In the first 19 cases, sequencing was performed on fetal DNA only, and the turnaround time was 11-12 weeks. For the remaining 7 cases, the fetus and its parents were sequenced simultaneously, and the turnaround time was 8-9 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 26 cases, pathogenic variants were identified in 4 (15.4%) cases, which respectively involved UMOD, NEK8, HNF1B, and BBS2 genes, and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 2 (7.7%) cases, which respectively involved HSPD1 and GRIN2B genes. Two of the 4 cases had other anomalies in addition to CAKUT. Thus, the detection rate was only 2/19 (10.5%) for isolated CAKUT and 4/7 (57.1%) for CAKUT with additional anomalies. CONCLUSION The application of WES as a prenatal diagnostic approach for CAKUT fetuses with or without other anomalies allowed early and accurate diagnosis and improved their clinical management.
Exome ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Pregnancy ; Urinary Tract ; pathology ; Urogenital Abnormalities ; genetics ; Whole Exome Sequencing

Urinary incontinence is the most common urinary symptom in children and causes considerable anxiety in children and parents. In most cases, there is no underlying organic pathology and the long- term prognosis is excellent. Despite these reassuring facts, children with wetting problems can be a challenge for primary pediatrician. This is probably because the problem is poorly understood, there is no readily identifiable medical pathology, and because treatment is usually time consuming and arduous. There is a great demand for treatment because wetting is an unpleasant symptom that can cause a stress and anxiety in the family. There may also be other coexisting problems such as urinary tract infection, constipation, soiling, and behavioral or emotional difficulties. Despite the frequency and vexing nature of voiding dysfunction, physicians may not always obtain a careful history to identify and to treat children properly with this condition. This article addresses the comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach to such children.
Ambulatory Care Facilities* ; Anxiety ; Child* ; Constipation ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Parents ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Soil ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Tract Infections

Today, percutaneous nephrostomy and other related renal procedures are routine in most hospitals. This technique provides safe, rapid and direct access to the upper urinary tract for various diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers. It has become a vital tool for the urologists who have been able to diagnose and treat ever more diverse pathologies of the urinary tract without open operation. Percutaneous nephrostomy was done on 276 cases with advanced malignancy and benign conditions during the period of March, 1985 to December, 1993. We were successful in using percutaneous nephrostomy as urinary diversion to ureteral obstruction or urinary leakage in 27l cases( 98% ). In four fifths of patients, obstruction was due to neoplasm, with the cervical cancer the leading cause. The post-nephrostomy complications were bleeding in 10 cases, enterocutaneous fistula in 4, perinephric abscess in 3 and sepsis in 1. Percutaneous nephrostomy proved to be ideally suited in condition of obstructive uropathy and urine leakage.
Abscess ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous* ; Pathology ; Pregnenolone Carbonitrile ; Sepsis ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the known oncogenes in urothelial carcinoma. However, the association between HER2 and the prognosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) has not yet been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate HER2 expression using the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria and American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) criteria and compare their prognostic significance in UUTUC. METHODS: HER2 expression was evaluated in 144 cases of UUTUC by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tissue microarrays. We separately analyzed HER2 expression using the FDA and ASCO/CAP criteria. The IHC results were categorized into low (0, 1+) and high (2+, 3+) groups. RESULTS: Using the FDA criteria, 94 cases were negative, 38 cases were 1+, nine cases were 2+, and three cases were 3+. Using the ASCO/CAP criteria, 94 cases were negative, 34 cases were 1+, 13 cases were 2+, and three cases were 3+. Four cases showing 2+ according to the ASCO/CAP criteria were reclassified as 1+ by the FDA criteria. High HER2 expression by both the FDA criteria and ASCO/CAP criteria was significantly associated with International Society of Urological Pathology high grade (p = .001 and p < .001). The high HER2 expression group classified with the FDA criteria showed significantly shorter cancer-specific survival (p = .004), but the HER2 high and low expression groups classified with the ASCO/CAP criteria did not show significant differences (p = .161) in cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: HER2 high expression groups were significantly associated with shorter cancer-specific survival, and our study revealed that the FDA criteria are more suitable for determining HER2 expression in UUTUC.
Humans ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Oncogenes ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Urinary Tract*