Aim: To determine the (i) sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound (USG) in the detection of urinary tract calculi, (ii) size of renal calculi detected on USG, and (iii) size of renal calculi not seen on USG but detected on computed tomography urogram (CTU). Methods: A total of 201 patients’ USG and CTU were compared retrospectively for the presence of calculi. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of USG were calculated with CTU as the gold standard. Results: From the 201 sets of data collected, 59 calculi were detected on both USG and CTU. The sensitivity and specificity of renal calculi detection on USG were 53% and 85% respectively. The mean size of the renal calculus detected on USG was 7.6 mm ± 4.1 mm and the mean size of the renal calculus not visualised on USG but detected on CTU was 4 mm ± 2.4 mm. The sensitivity and specificity of ureteric calculi detection on USG were 12% and 97% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of urinary bladder calculi detection on USG were 20% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the accuracy of US in detecting renal, ureteric and urinary bladder calculi were 67%, 80% and 98% respectively.
Calculi ; Urinary Calculi

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC for the treatment of urinary tract stones. Methods: Data were collected from online databases, the Philippine National Library, and unpublished clinical trials. We obtained permission from authors of unpublished clinical trials but with existing patent applications. Studies were selected based on the criteria: randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the efficacy of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC for the treatment of urinary tract stones given alone or in combination with a non-pharmacological/pharmacological intervention in comparison to a pharmacological/non-pharmacological intervention for urinary tract stones with participants aged 15 to 65 years in an ambulatory setting. Results: Our search methods yielded a total of 20 studies. Four studies met our inclusion criteria. Patients who took sambong had a reduction in stone size by radiographic evidence 23.45 times more than those who took the placebo (p=0.001). Also, patients taking sambong were 38.04 times more likely to pass stones compared to those patients taking a placebo (p=0.0004). Patients taking sambong were 7.48 times more likely to have reduction or disappearance of signs and symptoms compared to the placebo group (p=0.008). Conclusions Sambong treatment is effective in treating patients with urolithiasis by radiographic evidence of a decrease in size and/or number of stones, the passage of stone/s and/or disappearance or reduction of signs and symptoms with no serious adverse events.
Urinary Calculi

Since Chaussy, Schmiedt et al. began using ESWL on the renal calculi in 1980, the treatment of stone disease has been revolutionized. Now, an experimental study for the systematic investigation of ESWL is needed. This report presents an experimental study in vitro utilizing piezoelectric ESWL(EDAP LT-01 and "Die Stone" for the purposes of the effects of varying frequencies, stone burdens and powers. The following results were obtained : 1. In the same sized stones with constant power of 100%, the effects of increasing frequency from 2.5 to 40 times/sec showed that mean storage was increased despite of decreases duration for complete fragmentation of the stone less than 3mm in diameter, therefore the more lowering frequency, the more increasing effectiveness of the stone fragmentation. 2. When the stone burden was increased from 1cm(3) to 2cm(3) with constant power of 100% storage and duration for complete fragmentation of the stone were markedly increased about 8.10 and 8.06 times respectively. 3. In 1cm3 of the stone burden with constant frequency of 10 times/sec, when power was increased, mean storage and duration were decreased for complete fragmentation of the stone. 4. Fragmentation of the stone with lower frequency was fractured into small pieces relatively, but with higher frequency, fractured into large pieces initially, thereafter fractured into small pieces. 5. More gas bubbles were produced on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the stone with higher frequency than lower frequency.
Kidney Calculi ; Shock* ; Urinary Calculi

Authors studied the roles and outcomes of treatments for 98 elder patients with biliary calculus at St Paul Hospital. 16 patients were undergone emergency operation, and 43 patients were undergone elective operation, among them 9 patients received emergency treatments because of complications of biliary calculus. Conclusions: common treatment biliary calculus in the elderly was operation; however, the indication was given early and appropriately in case of patient was very old or too weak. In addition, evaluating patient’s situation before surgery by ASA’s method was very effective to choose correct treatment
calculi ; Urinary Calculi ; Therapeutics ; aged

No abstract available.
Prevalence* ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract*

In the last 2 decades, the great progress of imagine techniques, endoscopic equipments and extracorporeal lithotripsy made a revolution in the treatment of urinary stones. Urinary stones now can be treated successfully by minimal invasive procedures. The means of urinary stones treatments consist of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL), ureteroscopy (URS), laparoscopy, retroperitoneal endoscopy, and laparotomy. The trends of urinary stones treatments include treating kidney stones (big or small stones), ureteral stones (in the upper third, medium third, and lower third of ureter)
Urinary Calculi ; Therapeutics

Urethral fistula due to vesical calculi is very rare in urological field.We are presenting a case of urethral fistula due to vesical calcula along with article review.
Fistula* ; Urinary Bladder Calculi*

The study involved 46 patients with infective urinary calculus who underwent surgical treatment at a level A hospital between March to December 1998. 100% of removed stones have chemical combinations. The most common stones is formulated by CaOx+CaOx+CaP = MAP (60.87%) and CaOx + CaP (26.09%). There was closed relationship between calcium calculus with E. coli and between MAP calculus with Proteus. The stones with MAP Proteus component accounted for 42.85%, the non-MAP stones accounted for only 12.5%.
Urinary Calculi ; microbiology

The study reviewed 94 patients who were underwent operation for urinary calculus. Results found that surgical treatments for urinary calculus can cause some complications. In this series, calculus retention occurred in 1 patient, peritoneum rupture in 20 patients, 1 patient developed bleeding 8 days after operation, 10 patients developed wound infection. Rate of lateral nephrectomy is 18.8%. Some adjunctive methods were used to improve the outcomes and prevent from calculus recurrence, including colon enema, larger incision and ureterotomy at site of biggest stone
Urinary Calculi ; surgery

All of calculus stones were complex in this study. CaOx and CaP were the main components with highest frequency in urolithiasis patients. The composition of calcium cation is of inverse proportion with magnesium cation
Urinary Calculi ; chemistry