OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between Ureaplasma urealyticum infection and infertility in Chinese males.

METHODSAccording to the results of the heterogeneity test, a comprehensive quantitative analysis was made of 49 papers on Ureaplasma urealyticum infection and Chinese male infertility by RevMan 4.2.2. The impacts of different sample volumes on the research findings were compared, and the sensitivities of culture and PCR detections analyzed respectively.

RESULTSUreaplasma urealyticum had a significant negative impact on Chinese male fertility. Based on different samples of literature, two rounds of screening and analysis were carried out and two different conclusions derived. The first was OR = 4.43 (95% CI: 3.77-5.22), with the OR values of culture and PCR detections as 4.25 (95% CI: 3.59-5.03) and 5.35 (95% CI: 3.37-8.47), and the second was OR = 4.28 (95% CI: 3.52-5.20), with the OR values of culture and PCR detections as 4.24 (95% CI: 3.41-5.28) and 4.42 (95% CI: 2.73-7.17).

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant correlation between Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chinese male infertility. The conclusion of study is significantly influenced by the sample volume, which should be reasonably designed. The sensitivity of PCR detection is higher than that of culture detection.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; epidemiology ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ureaplasma Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; genetics ; isolation & purification

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of genital mycoplasmas, especially Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum, in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), compared to women with normal cytology living in Katowice, Poland. Two sterile swabs were used to obtain material from the posterior vaginal fornix of 143 women with squamous intraepithelial lesions and 39 healthy women: first for general bacteriology, second for detection of urogenital mycoplasmas using Mycoplasma IST2 kit. From each positive Mycoplasma IST2 culture DNA was isolated and PCR was performed for identification of U. parvum and U. urealyticum. Mycoplasma IST was positive in 34.1% cases. Urogenital mycoplasmas were demonstrated in women with HSIL significantly more often compared to women with LSIL, ASCUS, and with normal cytology. DNA of U. parvum was demonstrated in majority of Mycoplasma IST2-positive cases, U. urealyticum DNA-only in 9 (4.9%). Predominance of 3/14 serovars of U. parvum was demonstrated. U. urealyticum biovar 2 was present more often in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions.
Adult ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Poland/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Ureaplasma/*genetics ; Ureaplasma Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum/*genetics ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/*microbiology/pathology

OBJECTIVETo study and compare the pathogenicity and pathogenic condition of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and Mycoplasma homonis (Mh) between healthy women and women with gential tract inflammation.

METHODSTo collect the gential tract secretion in the two groups and detect the infectious ratio and color change unit ( CCU) concentration. Together with data gathered from questionnaires, we studied the mycoplasma infectious status between the two kinds of people.

RESULTSThe positive rate was 76. 1 % in women with gential inflammation, higher than in healthy women whose positive rate was 42.2% (chi(2) = 45.1862, P< 0.0001). Mixed infection of Uu and Mh was popular in infected women. Healthy women were easier to be infected by Uu or Mh( Uu, Uu + Mh: X(2) = 39.5956, P< 0.0001; Mh,Uu + Mh: X(2)= 13.2935, P= 0.0003). The result of CCU concentration showed the infected concentration in women with gential tract inflammation was higher than healthy women(Uu: Z = 7. 1058, P< 0.0001; Mh: Z= 8.7201, P< 0.0001). Uu and Mh were commonl sensitively in every age.

CONCLUSIONBoth Uu and Mh were conditioned pathogens. The two kinds of mycoplasma had cooperated pathogenic effects which was easily leading to clinical symptom in the high infectious concentration.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; epidemiology ; immunology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mycoplasma ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Mycoplasma Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Ureaplasma Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Women's Health ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) infection in the male reproductive tract on the outcomes of IVF and the clinical significance of preoperative Uu test by analyzing the correlation between the results of Uu culture before IVF-ET and the outcomes of IVF-ET.

METHODSAmong 1,059 couples undergoing IVF-ET, we selected 973 after excluding genetic factors and divided them into a Uu negative and a Uu positive group according to the results of culture of Uu in the semen of the males. We compared the rates of IVF fertilization, oocyte cleavage, clinical pregnancy and abortion between the two groups, and analyzed the influence of Uu infection on IVF outcomes.

RESULTSAmong the 973 selected subjects, 836 were Uu negative (group A) and 137 Uu positive (group B), and of the latter, 130 were restored to Uu negative after treatment (group B1) and the other 7 remained unchanged (group B2). No significant differences were found between groups A and B in the rates of IVF fertilization (81.6% vs 79.8%, P = 0.13), abnormal fertilization (11.8% vs 12.4%, P = 0.58) and oocyte cleavage (92.0% vs 92.1%, P = 0.94), nor between groups A and B2 (81.6% vs 89.8%, P = 0.10; 11.8% vs 13.2%, P = 0.75; 92.0% vs 92.5%, P = 0.10). Totally, 747 of the patients underwent embryo transfer, including 643 in group A and 104 in group B. There were no significant differences between groups A and B in the rates of clinical pregnancy (38.6% vs 34.7%, P = 0.44) and abortion (16.5% vs 22.2%, P = 0.39), nor between groups A and B2 (38.6% vs 33.3%, P = 0.79; 16.5% vs 0, P = 0.53).

CONCLUSIONUu infection in the male reproductive tract does not significantly affect the rates of IVF fertilization, oocyte cleavage, clinical pregnancy and abortion. However, more investigations with larger sample sizes of the cases restored from Uu positive to Uu negative are needed to lend further support to our findings.

Adult ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genitalia, Male ; microbiology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; microbiology ; therapy ; Male ; Male Urogenital Diseases ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Ureaplasma Infections ; epidemiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections with male sterility.

METHODSData from CBMA and CNKI were searched and studies were made for the correlation of Uu and Ct infections with male sterility by retrieval strategy worked out according to the Collaborative Review Group search strategy. The results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The results of 28 clinical controlled trials from 1994 to 2005 were analyzed by software RevMan 4.2. Odds ratio (OR) was applied to the evaluation of the correlation between Uu infection and male sterility.

RESULTSEighty-eight relative trials were retrieved, of which 28 were included in the Meta-analysis. The combined ORs of Uu and Ct infections to male sterility were OR(Uu): 4.73 (95% CI: 3.77-5.94) and OR(Ct): 4.59 (95% CI: 3.24-6.50).

CONCLUSIONUu and Ct infections are very important risk factors of sterility in Chinese men.

China ; epidemiology ; Chlamydia Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Male ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Odds Ratio ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; statistics & numerical data ; Ureaplasma Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum

BACKGROUND: To investigate the risk factors for vaginal infections and antimicrobial susceptibilities of vaginal microorganisms among women who experienced preterm birth (PTB), we compared the prevalence of vaginal microorganisms between women who experienced preterm labor (PTL) without preterm delivery and spontaneous PTB. METHODS: Vaginal swab specimens from 126 pregnant women who experienced PTL were tested for group B streptococcus (GBS), Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus (HSV) I and II, and bacterial vaginosis. A control group of 91 pregnant women was tested for GBS. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for GBS, M. hominis, and U. urealyticum. RESULTS: The overall detection rates for each microorganism were: U. urealyticum, 62.7%; M. hominis, 12.7%; GBS, 7.9%; C. trachomatis, 2.4%; and HSV type II, 0.8%. The colonization rate of GBS in control group was 17.6%. The prevalence of GBS, M. hominis, and U. urealyticum in PTL without preterm delivery and spontaneous PTB were 3.8% and 8.7% (relative risk [RR], 2.26), 3.8% and 17.3% (RR, 4.52), and 53.8% and 60.9% (RR, 1.13), respectively, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups. The detection rate of M. hominis by PCR was higher than that by culture method (11.1% vs. 4.0%, P=0.010). The detection rates of U. urealyticum by PCR and culture method were 16.7% and 57.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the prevalence of GBS, M. hominis, and U. urealyticum between the spontaneous PTB and PTL without preterm delivery groups.
Female ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycoplasma Infections/complications/microbiology ; Mycoplasma hominis/isolation & purification ; Obstetric Labor, Premature/*epidemiology/etiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/microbiology ; Premature Birth/*epidemiology/etiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Streptococcal Infections/complications/microbiology ; Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification ; Ureaplasma Infections/complications/microbiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum/isolation & purification ; Vagina/*microbiology

OBJECTIVETo survey mycoplasma infection in female urogenital tract and analyze the drug sensitivity of mycoplasma in Changsha.

METHODSUreaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) were detected in 6566 cases of female urogenital tract infection by means of mycoplasma culture and drug sensitivity reagent kit. Sensitivity tests for 10 antibiotics were also performed.

RESULTSA total of 2938 cases were mycoplasma-positive (positivity rate of 44.75%), including 2469 Uu-positive cases (37.6%), 52 Mh-positive cases (0.08%) and 417 cases positive for both Uu and Mh (6.35%). Josamycin, doxycycline, clarithromycin and azithromycin were more effective against Uu infection. Josamycin, doxycycline and thiamphenicol were more effective against Mh infection. Mixed infection with Uu and Mh was more resistant to most antibiotics but Josamycin and doxycycline.

CONCLUSIONThe female urogenital mycoplasma infection results mainly from Uu. Compared with simple Uu or Mh infection, mixed infection with Uu and Mh has significantly greater resistance to a wider variety of drugs. Josamycin and doxycycline are the primary choice for female urogenital mycoplasma infection in Changsha.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Doxycycline ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Josamycin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Mycoplasma Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Mycoplasma hominis ; drug effects ; Ureaplasma Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; drug effects ; Uterine Cervicitis ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo observe the prevalence and drug tolerance of mycoplasma(Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis) in patients with urogenital inflammation.

METHODSThree thousand and fifty-five patients with urogenital inflammation such as non-gonococcal urethritis(NGU), chronic prostatitis or pelvic inflammation from 1999 to 2003 were included. The results of mycoplasma culture and drug sensitivity test were analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 992(32.5%) cases were mycoplasma positive in the 3,055 patients, and there was no significant difference in the yearly positive percentage in the 5 years (P < 0.05). Among them, 701(70.7%) were infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum, 44(4.4%) with Mycoplasma hominis, and 247(24.9%) with both Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, the Ureaplasma urealyticum infection rate being much higher than that of Mycoplasma hominis and mixed infection (P < 0.01). The high colony counting(> or = 10(4) cfu/ml) in Ureaplasma urealyticum infection patients accounted for 76.7%, while Mycoplasma hominis infection represented only 18.2%. The results of drug tolerance test showed a higher sensitivity to doxycycline, pristinamycin, josamycin and tetracycline (94.3%, 96.6%, 86.5% and 97.4% respectively), and a lower sensitivity to erythromycin and ofloxacin (54.8% and 29.4% respectively).

CONCLUSIONSUreaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis should be detected simultaneously and the drug tolerance test is needed for the selection of appropriate antibiotics.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Mycoplasma Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Mycoplasma hominis ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Prevalence ; Prostatitis ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Urethritis ; epidemiology ; microbiology