1.Degradation of urea and ethyl carbamate in Chinese Rice wine by recombinant acid urease.
Jianli ZHOU ; Zhen KANG ; Qingtao LIU ; Guocheng DU ; Jian CHEN
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2016;32(1):74-83
Ethyl carbamate (EC) as a potential carcinogen commonly exists in traditional fermented foods. It is important eliminate urea that is the precursors of EC in many fermented foods, including Chinese Rice wine. On the basis of achieving high-level overexpression of food-grade ethanol-resistant acid urease, we studied the hydrolysis of urea and EC with the recombinant acid urease. Recombinant acid urease showed degraded urea in both the simulated system with ethanol and Chinese Rice wine (60 mg/L of urea was completely degraded within 25 h), indicating that the recombinant enzyme is suitable for the elimination of urea in Chinese Rice wine. Although recombinant acid urease also has degradation catalytic activity on EC, no obvious degradation of EC was observed. Further investigation results showed that the Km value for urea and EC of the recombinant acid urease was 0.7147 mmol/L and 41.32 mmol/L, respectively. The results provided theoretical foundation for realizing simultaneous degradation of urea and EC.
Oryza
;
Recombinant Proteins
;
metabolism
;
Urea
;
chemistry
;
Urease
;
metabolism
;
Urethane
;
chemistry
;
Wine
;
analysis
2.Separation of the Syncytial Layer of Spargana using Urea.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2009;47(1):69-71
The tegument of tapeworms is known to be composed of an outer syncytial cytoplasm layer which includes microtriches and cytoplasmic organelles (= syncytial layer), and a parenchymatous cytoplasm layer that contains subtegumental cell nuclei (= subtegumental layer) and organelles. In the present study, separation of the syncytial layer of the sparganum, the plerocercoid stage of Spirometra mansoni, was tried using urea as the chemical reagent. Histological sections were prepared to visualize the status of separation after staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The results showed that the syncytial layer of the sparganum tegument which includes microtriches and cytoplasmic organelles were successfully separated from the parenchyma using 3 M urea.
Animals
;
Mice
;
Mice, Inbred BALB C
;
Snakes/parasitology
;
Sparganum/chemistry/cytology/isolation & purification
;
Spirometra/*chemistry/*cytology/isolation & purification
;
Urea/*chemistry
3.Separation of gamma linolenic acid from evening primrose oil with urea inclusion--orthogonal experiment of optimizing technological parameters and observation of urea inclusion compound I.
Hua WANG ; Man LING ; Gang XUE ; Fengxia LIU ; Shuxian GUO
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2010;35(10):1251-1255
OBJECTIVEThe influence on the urea inclusion compound under different conditions (allocated proportion, time of inclusion, temperature of inclusion) were studied through the orthogonal test, and theoretical reference of urea inclusion process for further optimization wound be offered.
METHODThe orthogonal experiment was adopted, and microscope was used to observe the shape, aperture size of the urea inclusion compound under different technological parameters, the GC was employed to inspect the purity of GLA.
RESULTThe results indicated that the ratio of fatty acids and urea, inclusion of temperature, time of inclusion had great effect on urea inclusion compound. The three factors and its interactions significantly affected the purity of GLA. The results also showed that the best process was that the ratio of fatty acids and urea was 1 : 3, temperature of inclusion was--15 degrees C, time of inclusion was 24 h.
CONCLUSIONUnder the best condition, the purity of GLA reach up to 95.575 9%; and it is feasible to observe the shape and the amount of the urea inclusion compound to reflect and guide the urea inclusion technology.
Oenothera biennis ; chemistry ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature ; Urea ; chemistry ; gamma-Linolenic Acid ; analysis ; isolation & purification
4.Effects of formula fertilization to yield and content on polysaccharide of Isatis indigotica.
Kang-Cai WANG ; Xiao-Qing TANG ; Jian WU ; Li-Ping SUN
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2007;32(24):2588-2591
OBJECTIVETo select the optimum formula fertilization of Isatis indigotica through analyzing the yield and contents of polysaccharide of Radix Isatis for different treatments.
METHODAn orthogonal experiment design on the basis of three factors and four levels was applied for studying the effect of formula fertilization on yield. The contents of polysaccharides were determined with phenol-witriolic colorimetry.
RESULTThe optimum formula fertilization of Radix Isatis was carbamide 869.0 kg x hm(-2), superphosphate 1 428.6 kg x hm(-2) and potassium sulfate 0 kg x hm(-2).
CONCLUSIONSuperphosphate can observably influence the yields of Radix Inditis. while carbamide influence the contents of polysaccharide of Radix Inditis.
Biomass ; Diphosphates ; Fertilizers ; Isatis ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Sulfates ; Urea
5.Analysis of Blood Constituents in Korean Cataract Patients.
Jea Ryung OH ; Kyuchul RHEE ; Kuhl HUH ; Jong Tae PARK
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2000;41(10):2211-2219
To estimate change of blood constituents in cataract patients, the authors retrospectively reviewed medical records of catatract and non-cataract patients.We selected 199 pairs of cataract and non-cataract patients matched in age and sex.We compared the presence of diabetes, hepatitis B antigen and hepatitis C antibody, also other blood chemistry values between cataract and non-cataract patients group and also between cortical and noncortical patients group. Results are as follows:In cataract patients group, ALP (alkaline phosphatase) albumin/total protein-albumin ratio and K (potassium)were higher, and Na (sodium), total biilrubin and total protein were lower than in non-cataract patients.And in cortical cataract patients, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), total calcium, Cr (creatinine), K and Cl (chloride) were higher and albumin/total protein-albumin ratio was lower than in noncortical cataract patietns.
Calcium
;
Cataract*
;
Chemistry
;
Hepatitis B
;
Hepatitis C
;
Humans
;
Medical Records
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Urea
6.Performance Evaluation of Automated Chemistry Analyser for Urine Chemistry Test.
Soo In CHOI ; Byung Ryul JEON ; Hee Bong SHIN ; You Kyoung LEE ; Yong Wha LEE
Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance 2016;38(2):87-94
BACKGROUND: Prompt and accurate urine chemistry analysis is important to provide information for diagnosis and therapy. In this study, we evaluated the overall performance and utility of an automated chemistry analyser for urine chemistry testing in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. METHODS: From January 2015 to March 2015, we evaluated the precision, linearity, limits of detection, carryover, and turnaround times after automation of nine items: total protein, albumin, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, total calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, and uric acid. A Hitachi 7600-110 instrument (Hitachi Ltd., Japan) and Hitachi ID Privileged Access Manager (Hitachi Ltd.) were used for automated chemistry analysis and sample preparation, respectively. RESULTS: Regarding precision, the coefficient of variation was 3.9% to 1.6% for high levels and 3.3% to 24.1% for low levels. The linearity and coefficients of determination of all the test items were acceptable. Performance comparison revealed that the two systems were comparable, as evidenced by correlation coefficients >0.975 for most items; moreover, carryover of all items was <1%. The mean turnaround time was 59 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Urine chemistry testing can be performed with acceptable precision, linearity, and performance by using the Hitachi 7600-110 automated chemistry analyser. The sample preparation system reduces turnaround time, which enhances the clinical utility of urine chemistry testing.
Automation
;
Blood Glucose
;
Calcium
;
Chemistry*
;
Creatinine
;
Diagnosis
;
Limit of Detection
;
Magnesium
;
Nitrogen
;
Urea
;
Uric Acid
7.Clinical Observation on Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.
Korean Journal of Urology 1983;24(1):55-58
A clinical observation was made on 239 cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy, admitted to the Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine during the period of 9 years and 8 months from Jan. 1972 to Aug. 1981. Following results were obtained. 1. Amount of residual urine from 10 ml to 1,500 ml with average 304 ml. 2. Hypertension in 35 cases (14.8%)and pulmonary diseases in 29 cases (12.1%)were frequently associated with B.P.H. 3. E.K.G. was performed in 171 cases. Abnormal findings included L.V.H. in 38 cases (22.2%), arrhythmia in 11 cases (6.4%), but normal in 118 cases (69%). 4. In blood chemistry, blood urea nitrogen was elevated in 75 cases (31.4%)and creatinine was elevated in 69 cases (28.9%). 5. The most common endoscopic findings were trabeculation in 214 cases (89.5%), inflammation in 192 cases (80.3%), kissing of lateral lobes in 138 cases (58.7%)and elevated interureteric ridge in 71 cases (29.7%). 6. Methods of operative treatment were T.U.R. in 184 cases, retropubic prostatectomy in 7 cases and suprapubic prostatectomy in 3 cases.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
;
Blood Urea Nitrogen
;
Chemistry
;
Creatinine
;
Hypertension
;
Inflammation
;
Korea
;
Lung Diseases
;
Prostatectomy
;
Prostatic Hyperplasia*
;
Urology
8.Comparison of Blood and Urine Renal Indices Between Hypercalciuric and Non-hypercalciuric Hematuria Patients.
Jin Hee LEE ; Hyun Seung LEE ; Keun Young LEE ; Pil Sang JANG ; Kyung Yil LEE ; Dong Un KIM
Journal of the Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology 2007;11(2):168-177
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hypercalciuria patients with hematuria show different renal indices compared to non-hypercalciuria patients with hematuria. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with gross or microscopic hematuria whose blood chemistry and 24 hour urine chemistry were examined. After excluding the patients with more than 4 mg/m2/day proteinuria or the patients with urinary calcium excretion between 3 and 4 mg/kg/day, we divided the patients into two groups: a hypercalciuria group whose calcium excretion was more than 4 mg/kg/day(n=30) and a non- hypercalciuria group whose calcium excretion was less than 3 mg/kg/day(n=41). The urinary excretion, clearance, and fractional excretion(FE) of Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, urea, and creatinine were calculated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The hypercalciuria group had more calcium excretion(6.1+/-2.9 vs 1.5+/-0.9 mg/kg/day), more urea excretion(341+/-102 vs 233+/-123 mg/kg/day), greater glomerular filtration rate(GFR) (93.7+/-31.1 vs 79.5+/-32.0 mL/min) but lower FENa(1.0+/-0.4% vs 1.3+/-0.6%) than the nonhypercalciuria group, although the urinary sodium excretion was similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The greater urea excretion and GFR in hypercalciuric patients suggest that they might be on a higher protein diet than the non-hypercalciuria group. The increased glomerular filtration of sodium and calcium induced by the higher GFR in hypercalciuria would have increased their delivery to the distal tubule, where sodium is effectively reabsorbed but calcium is not, which is suggested by the lower FENa but higher FECa in hyercalciuria. It is recommended that the diet of hematuria patients be reviewed in detail at initial presentation and during treatment.
Calcium
;
Chemistry
;
Creatinine
;
Diet
;
Filtration
;
Hematuria*
;
Humans
;
Hypercalciuria
;
Medical Records
;
Proteinuria
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Sodium
;
Urea
9.Performance Evaluation of the LABGEO PT10 Point-of-care Chemistry Analyzer.
Tae Dong JEONG ; Woochang LEE ; Sail CHUN ; Won Ki MIN
Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance 2013;35(2):70-80
BACKGROUND: The Samsung LABGEO PT10 (Samsung Electronics, Korea) has been developed as a point-of-care testing (POCT) chemistry analyzer. We evaluated the performance of the Samsung LABGEO PT Biochemistry Test 15 (Samsung Electronics) and the HbA1c Test (Samsung Electronics), which are dedicated cartridges for the LABGEO PT10. METHODS: Based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, the precision, linearity, and methodology were evaluated for seven chemistry analytes (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, amylase, and hemoglobin A1c). All the analytes, except for hemoglobin A1c, were obtained from three different types of samples: whole blood, plasma, and serum, to evaluate matrix effects. RESULTS: In the precision analysis, both within-run and total-run coefficients of variation were less than 10% for the seven analytes. Dose curves for the seven analytes were linear in the clinically relevant concentration ranges. The methodology study yielded correlation coefficients > or =0.98 for the seven comparisons of the LABGEO PT10 cartridge tests with other methods. Except for HDL cholesterol, the percentage differences between test results obtained from whole blood, plasma, and serum, were within +/-10%. The concentrations of HDL cholesterol measured in whole blood samples were 0.9 mg/dL and 5.6 mg/dL higher than those measured in plasma and serum specimens, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The LABGEO PT10 showed suitable analytical performance with respect to precision and linearity and demonstrated a good correlation with automated chemistry analyzer. With the additional benefits of a short turnaround time and ease of use, the LABGEO PT10 is an acceptable POCT chemistry analyzer.
Amylases
;
Biochemistry
;
Blood Urea Nitrogen
;
Chemistry*
;
Cholesterol, HDL
;
Creatinine
;
Methods
;
Plasma
;
Point-of-Care Systems
;
Triglycerides
10.Evaluation of the i-STAT Point-of-Care Analyser.
YeJin OH ; Sun Hoe KOO ; Gye Cheol KWON
Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance 2016;38(4):225-233
BACKGROUND: Point-of-care testing (POCT) is designed to be used near the site where the clinical care is being delivered. The demand for POCT in the medical field is expanding significantly, given that rapid results can eventually lead to early diagnosis and immediate clinical management of diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the i-STAT POC analyser (Abbott Diagnostics, USA) for testing 8 chemical analytes (viz., sodium, potassium, chloride, total carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, and ionised calcium) and 2 hematological analytes (hematocrit [HCT], hemoglobin [Hb]). METHODS: The precision and linearity of the 10 analytes were measured according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP15-A3 and EP6-A guidelines. Comparisons with a central laboratory hematology analyser, Coulter LH 780 (Beckman Coulter Inc., USA), and a chemical analyser, UniCel DxC 880i (Beckman Coulter Inc.), were performed using 85 patient samples according to CLSI EP9-A3. RESULTS: The coefficient of variation values for the within-run precision and total precision at 3 levels of all analytes were within 5%, except those for low level creatinine. In the aspect of linearity, the correlation coefficient values of all analytes were over 0.975 in the clinically important concentration range. A very high correlation was observed in glucose, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine (R>0.975), high correlation was observed in sodium, potassium, Hct and Hb (R>0.9), and relatively good correlation was observed in chloride and total carbon dioxide (R>0.7) compared to the central laboratory analysers. CONCLUSIONS: i-STAT showed relatively high precision and linearity, and comparable data to that of routine hematology and chemistry analysers. This device was concluded to have potential for providing faster results and relatively acceptable values to clinicians in need of immediate results.
Blood Glucose
;
Blood Urea Nitrogen
;
Carbon Dioxide
;
Chemistry
;
Creatinine
;
Early Diagnosis
;
Glucose
;
Hematology
;
Humans
;
Nitrogen
;
Point-of-Care Systems*
;
Point-of-Care Testing
;
Potassium
;
Sodium
;
Urea