No abstract available in English.
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries* ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Upper Extremity*

PURPOSE: Upper limb disorders are one of the most common and important types of occupational injuries. Besides, identifying the factors influencing return to work following these injuries is essential to reduce the dimensions of the problem. In this study, we investigated the return to work and associated factors following occupational injuries leading to upper limb impairment. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the rate of return to work and associated factors were assessed in 256 workers with work-related upper limb injury referred to a teaching hospital from March 2011 to December 2018. The inclusion criterion was a history of occupational injury resulting in upper limb impairment, and exclusion criteria included the presence of simultaneous impairment in other organs, congenital or non-occupational limb defects as well as patients with incomplete information in their medical records. Individuals' records, including age at the time of injury, gender, date of injury, marital status, education, level of amputation and injury, whole person impairment (WPI) and physiotherapy (prescribed by the physician) were reviewed. The WPI was calculated to assess the extent of the injury. All analyzes were performed by SPSS version 25.0. RESULT: The rate of return to work was 54.3%, in which 51.8% for the same job and 48.2% for a new job. The main factors associated with non-return to work were more days off work (p = 0.001), higher injury severity (p = 0.001), and dominant hand injury (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION The number of days off work, the WPI, and dominant hand injury are the most important determinant in returning to work. In addition, increased job satisfaction and support from co-workers and employers are work-related factors that can lead to an increased return to work.
Humans ; Occupational Injuries/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Upper Extremity/injuries* ; Hand Injuries

Biomechanics is the application of mechanical principles to living organisms. Evaluation of sporting techniques such as running biomechanics and swim stroke biomechanics and understanding of the biomechanics of different sporting activities is a vital foundation for the sports medicine practitioners. The purpose of this article is to provide the clinicians with relevant and easily applicable descriptions of the common sporting techniques. The key for the better sports performance and prevention of injury is exercising with correct biomechanics. Understanding normal sporting biomechanics makes the clinician to apply injury prevention strategies. Biomechanics of lower limb including standing, walking, running and biomechanics of upper limb during throwing and overhead activities are described.
Athletic Injuries ; Athletic Performance ; Biomechanics ; Lower Extremity ; Running ; Sports ; Sports Medicine ; Stroke ; Tennis ; Upper Extremity ; Walking

Biomechanics is the application of mechanical principles to living organisms. Evaluation of sporting techniques such as running biomechanics and swim stroke biomechanics and understanding of the biomechanics of different sporting activities is a vital foundation for the sports medicine practitioners. The purpose of this article is to provide the clinicians with relevant and easily applicable descriptions of the common sporting techniques. The key for the better sports performance and prevention of injury is exercising with correct biomechanics. Understanding normal sporting biomechanics makes the clinician to apply injury prevention strategies. Biomechanics of lower limb including standing, walking, running and biomechanics of upper limb during throwing and overhead activities are described.
Athletic Injuries ; Athletic Performance ; Biomechanics ; Lower Extremity ; Running ; Sports ; Sports Medicine ; Stroke ; Tennis ; Upper Extremity ; Walking

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the status of industrial accidents at a ship-yard in Korea in order to provide the basic materials for preventing further industrial accidents. METHODS: This study reviewed and analyzed the records of 252 industrial accidents that occurred in a ship-yard at Ulsan city from January 1 1997 until December 31st, 2001 according to age, the work career, the job department, the day of the week, the occurrence time, the part of body injured, and the accident type. RESULTS: There were a total of 252 industrial accidents over the five years. The incidence of industrial accidents per year were 17.38, 26.99, 16.44, 11.35, 14.50 per 1,000 persons from 1997 to 2001, respectively. The frequency of industrial accidents per year were 11.56, 11.23, 6.27, 4.42, 5.79 per one million man hours from 1997 to 2001, respectively. The intensity of industrial accidents per year was 1.67, 0.18, 4.32 per 1,000 man hours from 1999 to 2001, respectively. The highest incidence occurred in the over 50 age group (33.87 per 1,000 persons). Regarding the incidence according to the work career, it was highest in those who had worked for less than 1 year (39.76 per 1,000 persons). The incidence in those working in high places and those using heavy materials were higher than the others. The most frequent day of the week was Monday (19.8%), which was followed by Friday (16.7%) and Saturday (15.9%). The most frequent time of an accident was 15:00-16:59(25.8%), which was followed by 08:00-09:59(24.2%), 10:00-11:59(20.2%). The most frequent part of the body injured was the low back (28.6%), which was followed by the lower extremities (24.2%), and the upper extremities (23.0%). The types of industrial accidents were stenosis (27.0%) to have been happened most and upset (19.8%), fall down (14.7%), hard movement (12.3%), and falling (9.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The above results suggests that a more precise system of reporting industrial accidents will be needed in order to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the industrial accident statistics. In addition, the preventive activities for back injury, stenosis, and fall down are needed in order to prevent industrial accidents at ship-yards in Korea. Furthermore, the strengthening of a continuous health education program will be necessary for beginners, older workers, and those working in high places and using heavy materials.
Accidents, Occupational* ; Back Injuries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Health Education ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lower Extremity ; Ulsan ; Upper Extremity

This study is to evaluate the abnormalities in the kinetic chain in the players with little league elbow during the medical screening of middle school baseball teams. Ninety-three players were examined with elbow ultrasonography in the field. Using kinetic chain evaluation test, 27 players sonogrphically diagnosed of little league elbow in dominant arm were compared with 25 players who were normal as control. Scapular-spine distance, horizontal flexion test, combined abduction test, and glenohumeral internal rotation deficit were used for evaluating kinetic chain in the upper extremities, while tightness of quadriceps and hamstring muscles, internal rotation of stance leg, and external rotation of stride leg were used for lower extremities. Also, the single leg stance test and finger-floor distance were used for core stability and flexibility. Twenty-five of 27 players (93%) having little league elbow showed kinetic chain abnormalities of either upper or lower extremities or trunk. This rate was significantly higher for the players having the little leaguer's elbow than control (28%) (p=0.017). Each specific tests for evaluating kinetic chain were also more prevalent in little league elbow group than control, and the abnormalities in the upper extremity were more common than those in lower extremity (p=0.026). Combined abduction test (23/27) and limitation of internal rotation of stance leg (16/27) were the most prevalent abnormalities in upper and lower extremity test, respectively. Our findings showed that there are many abnormalities in kinetic chain in players having the little league elbow and it may be associated with pathogenesis of little league elbow.
Arm ; Athletic Injuries ; Baseball ; Elbow* ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Mass Screening ; Muscles ; Pliability ; Ultrasonography ; Upper Extremity

BACKGROUND: Hand injuries caused by chain saws, electric saws, and hand grinders range from simple lacerations to tendon injuries, fractures, and even amputations. This study aimed to understand the distribution of various types of hand and upper extremity injuries caused by power tools, in order to help prevent them, by investigating the incidence and cause of power tool injuries treated over a 4-year period at a single institution in Korea. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients who visited a single institution for power tool-induced injuries from 2011 to 2014. The distribution of sex, age, injured body part, type of injury, and mechanism of injury sustained by patients who received hand and upper extremity injuries from using an engine saw, electric saw, or hand grinder was evaluated. RESULTS: Among 594 subjects who were injured by power tools, 261 cases were hand and upper extremity injuries. The average age was 53.2 years. Tendon injury was the most common type of injury. An electric saw was the most common type of power tool used. More injuries occurred in non-occupational settings than in occupational settings. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, power tool-induced hand and upper extremity injuries were mostly caused by direct contact with electric saw blades. More injuries occurred due to non-occupational use of these tools, but the ratios of amputations and structural injuries were similar in the non-occupational and occupational groups.
Amputation ; Arm Injuries ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Hand Injuries ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lacerations ; Medical Records ; Occupational Groups ; Tendon Injuries ; Upper Extremity

The effect of the developed symmetric upper extremity motion trainer on the cortical activation pattern was investigated in three chronic hemiparetic patients using both fMRI and Fugl-Meyer test. The training program was performed at 1 hr/day, 5 days/week during 6 weeks. Fugl-Meyer tests were performed every two weeks during the training. fMRI was performed at 3T scanner with wrist flexion-extension in two different tasks before and after the training program: the only unaffected hand movement (Task 1) and passive movements of affected hand by the active movement of unaffected hand (Task 2). fMRI studies in Task 1 showed that cortical activations decreased in ipsilateral SMC but increased in contralateral SMC. Task 2 showed cortical reorganizations in bilateral SMC, PMA and SMA. Therefore, it seems that the cortical reorganization in chronic hemiparetic patients can be induced by the training with the developed symmetric upper extremity motion trainer.
Brain Injuries* ; Brain* ; Education ; Hand ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Recovery of Function* ; Upper Extremity* ; Wrist

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy of brachial plexus block under the guide of ultrasonography for immediate management of open wound in patients with multiple trauma. METHODS: From July 2012 to April 2013, 34 patients with multiple trauma had brachial plexus block for immediate management of open wound in the upper extremity. We evaluated the patient satisfaction of the anesthesia and any complications related to the block. RESULTS: During the brachial plexus block, intravascular injection of lidocaine occurred in one patient. Except this, all patients who received brachial plexus replied they would choose brachial plexus block if they had to undergo the same surgery. CONCLUSION: Brachial plexus block is an effective anesthesia technique in the immediate management of open wound in upper extremities.
Anesthesia ; Brachial Plexus* ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Multiple Trauma ; Patient Satisfaction ; Ultrasonography ; Upper Extremity ; Wounds and Injuries