No abstract available.
United Nations*

In 1991, the World Health Organization (WHO) joined hands with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) to establish World Diabetes Day. The purpose of this day is to increase awareness of diabetes worldwide. In December 2006, the United Nations (UN) adopted resolution 61/225, establishing World Diabetes Day as an internationally observed event, and all the countries of the world have increased their efforts in the prevention, management, treatment and sustaining healthcare system. The blue circle was developed originally for the campaign associated with the UN Resolution on diabetes. The circle symbolizes life, health and unity. The blue border of the circle represents the color of the sky and the flag of the United Nations. World Diabetes Day is on the 14th of November in memory of the birthday of Dr. Frederick Banting, and has been held every year since 2007.
Delivery of Health Care ; Hand ; Memory ; United Nations ; World Health Organization

No abstract available.
Spine* ; United Nations*

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), officially known as ‘Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development’ has 17 “Global Goals” with 169 targets. This is the resolution by member countries as an intergovernmental agreement that acts as the Post 2015 Development Agenda (successor to the Millennium Development Goals). In conjunction with the United Nations SDG, World Health Organization published “The global strategy on human resources for health: workforce 2030”. It is primarily aimed at planners and policy-makers of WHO Member States and, its contents are of value to all relevant stake holders including medical education providers in the health workforce area. This article tried to explore the future direction of medical education to achieve the SDG in relation to Korean context.
Conservation of Natural Resources* ; Education, Medical* ; Health Manpower ; Humans ; Public Sector ; Social Control, Formal ; Social Skills ; United Nations ; World Health Organization

Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build on the lessons learned from the Millennium Development Goals that had guided development efforts for the preceding 15 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region made remarkable progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, but also experienced some challenges and shortcomings. This paper argues that the SDGs incorporate these complexities and aim to capture the many ways in which equitable and robust development is shaped by factors which are linked to each other. The SDGs place greater emphasis on a broader range of determinants of health, including poverty reduction, education, and reducing inequality, thereby reflecting that health influences and is influenced by progress on all goals and targets. Drawing on recent World Health Organization frameworks, the paper suggests options for advancing the SDGs in the Western Pacific. It argues that universal health coverage is core to achieving the SDGs and enacting the principle of leaving no-one behind, and outlines new ways of working within and outside of the health sector as well as appropriate capabilities of the health sector to drive the agenda. The SDGs place renewed demands on Member States and their partners. The strengths of the SDG framework lie in the emphasis on collaboration and joint action to solve shared problems, on collective accountability and the public interest, on tackling the determinants of health, and notably on the primacy of reaching those left furthest behind.
Conservation of Natural Resources* ; Cooperative Behavior ; Education ; Health Equity ; Joints ; Poverty ; Social Responsibility ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United Nations ; World Health Organization

Understanding that the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 revision would be an opportunity to standardize the code definitions for all allergic and hypersensitivity conditions, an international collaboration of Allergy Academies, including first the World Allergy Organization, the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, has been coordinating tremendous efforts since 2013 to provide a better classification of these disorders in the new ICD-11. During this process, a strategic action plan has been constructed to keep bilateral dialog with representatives of the ICD revision by providing them scientific and technical evidences for the need of changes in the ICD framework. As a major achievement of this process, was the construction of the "allergic and hypersensitivity conditions" parented subchapter guided by the World Health Organization ICD representatives and further supported by three more regional allergy societies: the Latin American Society of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, and the Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology. Believing that the outcomes of all past and future actions will impact positively to the Allergy specialty, we expect for the full approval by the United Nations in 2017.
Academies and Institutes ; Allergy and Immunology ; Asia ; Asthma ; Classification ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; International Classification of Diseases ; Parents ; United Nations ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVES: The current Korean Mental Health Act (KMHA) indicates that a patient, who voluntarily gave their permission for admission into a mental health facility, has the right to be discharged upon personal request. However, there is no clause in the KMHA that allows a change in a patient's voluntary status under special circumstances. The purpose of this study was to investigate problems that may arise from the lack of such a clause ; problems that can result in misinterpretation and lead to the prohibition of voluntary admission status conversion. METHODS: Previous cases presented to the National Human Rights Commission of Korea were investigated in order to determine the current state in Korean psychiatric practice regarding the conversion from voluntary to involuntary admission status. In addition, examples of similar mental health legislation in use by the United Nations (UN), World Health Organization (WHO), and several advanced countries pertaining to such conversions were investigated. These examples were used as models for making recommendations for possible changes to the KMHA. RESULTS: From 2010 to 2014, more than 220 petitions were filed with the National Human Right Commission of Korea. The petitions involved voluntarily institutionalized patients who had their requests for discharge rejected. Based on mental health regulations of the UN, WHO, and such countries as the United States, England, Canada, Australia, and Japan, the KMHA should include a provision that, upon receiving a discharge request, allows for discharge refusal if the voluntarily admitted patient is considered not mentally fit. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the absence of a regulation allowing admission status conversion in the current KMHA is inappropriate. Rectification of this absence is urgently needed.
Australia ; Canada ; England ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Patient Admission ; Social Control, Formal ; United Nations ; United States ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous basal activation that might be related to survival mechanism of tumor cells by allowing them to escape from apoptosis has been proven in some tumor cells, but it has not been evaluated in malignant melanoma tissue. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate basal activation of NF-κB using immunohistochemical analysis and demonstrate its clinical significance in cutaneous malignant melanoma tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five cases of acral lentiginous melanoma(ALM) from 20 patients were selected. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect nuclear localization of classic NF-κB heterodimer, p50 and p65 in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. RESULTS: In about 50% of cases, nuclear expression of NF-κB heterdimer, p50 and p65 was detected, 12(48%) and 13(52%) of 25 cases of ALM, respectively. However, the nuclear ex-pressing of p50 and p65 was not significant for tumor thickness or level of invasion in ALM. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated basal NF-κB activation in malignant melanoma, but we need to research further to demonstrate its clinical significance.
Apoptosis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Melanoma* ; United Nations

Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) may seem easy to diagnose when the characteristic clinical manifestations are present, and electrodiagnostic studies have high sensitivity, although they are non-localizing in some cases and unable to reveal structural lesions. Ultrasonography is noninvasive and able to find the exact location of the lesion and visualize perineural structures. We present two cases of UNE in which we found hypoechoic mass lesions near medial epicondyle with ultrasonography and discuss its usefulness in diagnosis of UNE.
Diagnosis ; Elbow* ; Ulnar Neuropathies* ; Ultrasonography* ; United Nations

It is possible to compare three-dimensional image of patterned injury in virtual space with object using 3D/CAD supported photogrammetry(FPHG). this method make it possible to examine patterned injuries of skin, soft tissue and bone for matching instruments in shape, size and angle without altering. Generally, 3D measuring of objects require 3D digitizer or series of photographs taking by metric camera. We developed program which calibrate pictures taken by non-calibrated commercial camera and un distorted image. This image and objet model n can be examined with respect to matching shapes using 3D/CAD system.
Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Photogrammetry ; Skin ; United Nations