The study was undertaken to assess the ventricular system of the brain in normal korean adults on the base ofCT. The computerized tomographic examinations of 334 Korean adults between ages of 15 to 50 years, performed atSeoul National University Hospital, were evaluated. The known to be a reliable indicator of the ventricular size.This ratio was measured at the level of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles respelctively. The shape of thequardigeminal and suprasellar cistern was analyzed. The resuls are as follows; 1. The cerebroventricular ratios ofthe lateral ventricle at the level of the widest bifrontal and bicaudate diameters were 0.30±0.04 and 0.14±0.02,respectively. The lateral ventricle was asymmetric in 12.6%, of which the left side was usually larger than theright. 2.There was correlation between the cerebroventricular ratio and age, i,e., with increase of age, the C-Vratio increased slightly. 3. The cerebroventricular ratio of the third ventricle was 0.03±0.01. 4. Thecerebroventricular ratio of the fourth ventricle in width and height was 0.14±0.02 and 0.10±0.03, respectively.The anteroposterior position index of the fourth ventricle was 0.42±0.04. 5. The quadrigeminal cistern showedU-shape in 23.4%. 6. The suprasellar cistern showed pentagonal shape in 61.1%, round in 28.4% and hexagonal in10.5%. 7. There was no significant difference between male and female according to the above results.
Adult ; Brain ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Third Ventricle

PURPOSE: To recanalize the occlusive lesion of superficial femoral artery at origin site by retrograde approach via popliteal artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 patients, who were poor surgical candidates due to coronary artery disease and who had severe occlusive lesion of superficial femoral artery close to its origin with good distal runoffs to popliteal artery, were selected. Patients were all~men and range of age were from 53 years to 66 years (mean age:63 years). Range of lesion length were from 15cm to 30cm (mean length:22.4cm). Localization of popliteal artery was done with Doppler stethoscope or "road-map" DSA. The method of recanalization were transluminal endarterectomy catheter (TEC), TEC and angioplasty, thrombolysoangioplasty (TLA). RESULT: Retrograde puncture of popliteal artery were done in 15 patients successfully. TEC & PTA was performed in 9 patients, TEC only in 2 patients, and TLA & PTA in 2 patients. During the follow-up period of 5 months to 2 years reocclusion did not occurr in 10 patients except for 1 patient with poor cardiac output in whom it occured 1 day later. Remained 4 patients were lost in follow up. Any neurologic or vascular complication did not occur. CONCLUSION: Retrograde approach of superficial fernoral artery via popliteal artery in patients with difficult vascular intervention by common method provides a useful, alternative recanalization method.
Angioplasty ; Arteries ; Cardiac Output ; Catheters ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Endarterectomy ; Femoral Artery* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Popliteal Artery* ; Punctures ; Stethoscopes

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical patterns of corneal erosion induced by contact lens wear and the relations of corneal complications to the duration of contact lens wear and the final wearing. METHODS: We have examined with slit lamp and questionnaire survey, 161 eyes of 105 patients with complication of contact lens wear who visited KyungHee Medical Center from January 2000 to June 2001. RESULTS: Majority of the corneal complication is diffuse punctate type that comprises 58.3%, corneal erosion 14.4%, corneal ulcer 3.1% and so on. Erosional grading and the final wearing time are not proportional to the clinical presentation. Extended-wear soft contact lens was used by 37.1% and RGP lens by 35.2%. Half of the symptoms starts shortly after the lens removal. Corneal ulcer has a significantly higher incidence in the long-duration of wearing group. CONCLUSIONS: The corneal complication is various as corneal erosion, corneal ulcer, and so forth. Consequently, it is quite necessary to give an intensive education to the contact lens wearers, especially in long-duration ones.
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic ; Corneal Ulcer ; Education ; Humans ; Incidence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic velocity profiles of four cardiac valves in a group of 85 infants and children with left to right shunt lesions(VSD, ASD and PDA) are presented. Velocities were obtained before operation and 10 days afterward. The results were as follows ; 1) VSD(type 2) Peak velocities of mitral valve were significantly decreased when compared preop. with postop. echocardiogram(n=37, preop 132+/-24, postop 98+/-16 cm/sec, p<0.0005). Peak velocities of tricuspid valve were also significantly decreased(n=30, perop 60+/-21, postop 50+/-17cm/sec, p<0.01). Peak velocities of aortic valve were decreased(n=18, perop 120+/-20, postop 108+/-26cm/sec, 0.010.05). Peak velocities of pulmonic valve were significantly decreased(n=17, perop 168+/-46, postop 104+/-51cm/sec, p<0.0005). 3) PDA Peak velocities of mitral valve were significantly decreased when compared perop. with postop. echocardiogram(n=29, perop 138+/-28, postop 111+/-19cm/sec, p<0.0005). Tricuspid valve velocities showed no significant changes between preop. and postop. echocardiogram (n=15, perop 47+/-12, postop 44+/-10cm/sec, p>0.05). Aortic valve velocities showed no significant changes (n=10, perop 134+/-23, postop 121+/-25cm/sec, p>0.05). Peak velocities of pulmonic valve were significantly decreased(n=28, perop 138+/-37, postop 107+/-27cm/sec, p<0.005). This study demonstrates that Doppler echocardiographic assessment of velovity changes are correlated with known hemodynamic data and also will be a good index in the evaluation of operation.
Aortic Valve ; Child ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Heart Valves* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infant ; Mitral Valve ; Tricuspid Valve

Among 666 premature infants or low birthweight infants who were admitted in NICU of St. Francisco General Hospital from January 1990 to Jun 1992, 96 infants were diagnosed as retinopathy of prematurity by indirect ophthalmoscope. The result were follows: 1) Among 666 patients, retinopathy of prematurity developed in 96 patients(14.1%) 2) The high incidence was observed in low birthweight and small gestational age. 3) Mean age of first diagnosing time was 42.0( 12 day of life and mean gestational age was 31.8 2.5 weeks and mean birthweight was 1646.5 (350.7gm. 4) In gestational age, birthweight and duration of oxygen therapy, there was statistically difference between cryotherapy group and spontaneous regression group. Other possible risk factors-hyaline membrane disease, apnea, anemia-were showed higher incidence in cryotherapy group. 5) Among the 20 infants who were treated with cryotherapy, 16 infants (80%) showed regression of neovascularization.
Apnea ; Cryotherapy ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Membranes ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Oxygen ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*