The study was undertaken to assess the ventricular system of the brain in normal korean adults on the base ofCT. The computerized tomographic examinations of 334 Korean adults between ages of 15 to 50 years, performed atSeoul National University Hospital, were evaluated. The known to be a reliable indicator of the ventricular size.This ratio was measured at the level of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles respelctively. The shape of thequardigeminal and suprasellar cistern was analyzed. The resuls are as follows; 1. The cerebroventricular ratios ofthe lateral ventricle at the level of the widest bifrontal and bicaudate diameters were 0.30±0.04 and 0.14±0.02,respectively. The lateral ventricle was asymmetric in 12.6%, of which the left side was usually larger than theright. 2.There was correlation between the cerebroventricular ratio and age, i,e., with increase of age, the C-Vratio increased slightly. 3. The cerebroventricular ratio of the third ventricle was 0.03±0.01. 4. Thecerebroventricular ratio of the fourth ventricle in width and height was 0.14±0.02 and 0.10±0.03, respectively.The anteroposterior position index of the fourth ventricle was 0.42±0.04. 5. The quadrigeminal cistern showedU-shape in 23.4%. 6. The suprasellar cistern showed pentagonal shape in 61.1%, round in 28.4% and hexagonal in10.5%. 7. There was no significant difference between male and female according to the above results.
Adult ; Brain ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Third Ventricle

No abstract available.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli* ; Enterotoxins*

No abstract available.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic*

Williams syndrome is a progressive and multisystemic disorder. We experienced one case of Willams syndrome which was characterized by elfin facies, mental retardation, diffuse aortic hypoplasia, mitral regurgitation and chronic nonparoxysmal sinus tachycardia. The tachycardia has been managing with beta-blocker successfully. We presented a case of unusual form of Williams syndrome with a reivew of literatures.
Facies ; Intellectual Disability ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; Williams Syndrome*

We investigated the sero-prevalence of toxocariasis among healthy Korean adults in 1999. A total of 314 sera from normal inhabitants in Whachon-gun, Gangwondo, Korea was examined for specific antibody levels against excretory-secretory products of second stage larvae of Toxocara (TES). The presence of cross-reactions with other helminthiases such as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, sparganosis or clonorchiasis was also checked by specific IgG ELISA. Sera showing positive reaction against TES were also tested by IgG immunoblot and by IgE ELISA. Out of 314 subjects, 16 was found to be positive by TES IgG ELISA and immunoblot, among whom 12 were also positive by TES IgE ELISA. Among the 16 seropositive samples, two sera showed positive reaction against Paragonimus and sparganum antigen, respectively. These results inferred that cross-reactions were negligible between toxocariasis and other helminthiases. Toxocariasis seroprevalence among Korean rural adults was detected to be approximately 5%.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth/blood ; Cross Reactions ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Human ; Korea/epidemiology ; Larva Migrans, Visceral/*epidemiology/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Toxocara/immunology

There are many reports that d-tubocurarine has marked species and individual variations in the matter of muscle relaxation. Therefore the dose-related neuromuscular blocking effect of d-tubocurarine was studied in anesthetized patients. Eighty adult patients were studied during halothane-N2O-O2 anesthesia for various kinds of surgery. These patients were in good physical shape, without known or suspected liver, kidney, neuromuscular or hormonal disease, and were not taking medication known to influence the action of relaxants. Preanesthetic medication consisted of atropine 0.01mg/kg and valium 0.18 mg/kg intramuscularly 60 minutes before anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 4~5mg/kg. Succinylcholine 1mg/kg was used to faciliate tracheal intubation. Moderate hyperventilation was maintained throughout by a mechanical ventilator and patient temperature was maintained at 35~36 degrees C during the study. Forty patients received a single intravenous d-tubocurarine 0.1mg/kg(group A) after the succinylcholine effect had worn off and the other forty patients received a single intravenous d-tubocurarine 0.2mg/kg(group B) after the succinylcholine effect had disappered. Prior to the administration of d-tubocurarine, the patient's forearm and hand were firmly fixed to a specially constructed metal armboard. The thumb was abducted, fixed and connected to a electrical kymograph, Harvard apparatus. The ulnar nerve was stimulated at the wrist subcutaneous needle electrodes by means of supramaximal stimull from a peripheral nerve stimulator(model 91-M3, Emerson, USA). Square wave of "Train of Four" stimuli of 0.2msec duration were delivered at a frequency of 0.1Hz. The evoked twitch and tracing of the adductor muscle of the thumb was recorded continuously on a electrical kymograph. Upon recovery from the initial dose of succinylcholine, a stable baseline twitch tension was recorded for 15 minuts. At this point a single intravenous injection of d-tubocurarine, either 0.1mg/kg or 0.2mg/kg, was given. The data were plotted as onset time of twitch depression and percentage depression of twitch height and the recovery time of "Train of four" response were analysed in each group. The results were as follows: 1) In d-tubocurarine 0.1mg/kg group: the effect of d-tubocurarine was variable, ranging from no effect on twitch tension to abolition of the twitch response. Mean maximal twitch depression was 59.4%. Recovery index which showed more than 75% twitch depression was 39.9minutes. 2) In d-tubocurarine 0.2mg/kg group: the effect of d-tubocurarine obtained consistent and solid neuromuscular relaxation. Mean maximal twitch depression was 95.2%. Recovery index was 58.1 minutes.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: It is known that nutritionally depressed patients are approximately 40 to 50% among all of the hospitalized patients and these patients are more vulnerable to complications and delaying in recovery from their diseases than nutritionally normal patients . Exact nutritional assessment and support are one of important measures in treatment of the disease. Both subjective and objective methods of nutritional assessment has been applied usually for exact nutritional assessment and anthropometry has been used for objective assessment of nutritional state. METHODS: Author measured of anthropometry such as weight, height, triceps skin folds, midarm muscle circumference, and midarm circumference in order to get standard values of anthropometry in 2926 healthy korean adults from five different districts in Korea. RESULTS: The mean values of the height of Korean were 169+/-5.9 cm in male, and 156.3+/-7.9 cm in female and the mean values of 50 percentile of the height were 170 cm in male and 157 cm in female. The mean values of the body weight were 64.2+/-20.2 kg in male, and 54.5+/-7.4 kg in female and the mean values of 50 percentile of the body weight were 63 kg in male, and 54 kg in female. The mean values of TSF were 11.7+/-7.1 mm in male, and 18.5+/-7.6 mm and the mean values of 50 percentile of the TSF were 10 mm in male, and 18.0 mm in female. The mean values of the MAC were 26.7+/-3.3 cm in male, and 25.77+/-.90 cm in female and the mean values of 50 percentile of the MAC were 26.5 cm in male, and 26 cm in female. The mean values of the MAMC were 23.0+/-3.5 cm in male, and 19.95+/-3.0 cm in female and the mean values of 50 percentile of the MAMC were 23.0 cm in male, and 19.8 cm in female. CONCLUSION: The values of this study could be used as the korean standard values having some errors due to different study members, because it was done in large subjects who are living in five different districs in Korea.
Adult* ; Anthropometry* ; Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nutrition Assessment* ; Skin

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical patterns of corneal erosion induced by contact lens wear and the relations of corneal complications to the duration of contact lens wear and the final wearing. METHODS: We have examined with slit lamp and questionnaire survey, 161 eyes of 105 patients with complication of contact lens wear who visited KyungHee Medical Center from January 2000 to June 2001. RESULTS: Majority of the corneal complication is diffuse punctate type that comprises 58.3%, corneal erosion 14.4%, corneal ulcer 3.1% and so on. Erosional grading and the final wearing time are not proportional to the clinical presentation. Extended-wear soft contact lens was used by 37.1% and RGP lens by 35.2%. Half of the symptoms starts shortly after the lens removal. Corneal ulcer has a significantly higher incidence in the long-duration of wearing group. CONCLUSIONS: The corneal complication is various as corneal erosion, corneal ulcer, and so forth. Consequently, it is quite necessary to give an intensive education to the contact lens wearers, especially in long-duration ones.
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic ; Corneal Ulcer ; Education ; Humans ; Incidence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Between 1984 and 1996, 8 patients who were suffered from stage g Kienbock's disease underwent interpositional arthroplasty using pronator quadratus pedicled bone. Patients comprised 2 males and 6 females, with an average age of 33 years(range 19-47). Range of motion of the wrist, residual pain, grip strength, and carpal height ratio of the patients were analyzed. The follow-up period was between 1.5 years and 12.5 years(average 5.5 years). The arc of flexion-extension of the wrist was increased from average 74 degrees preoperatively to 96 degrees postoperatively. Among eight patients, five were free of pain and three had intermittent pain during heavy work. None of eight patients had any discomfort in daily work and changed his or her occupation. The grip strength was average 83% of the normal side. Carpal height ratio was average 0.48 preoperatively and was not changed postoperatively. Clinical results, assessed by Lichtman-Evans criteria, showed 4 good and 4 fair. The interpositional arthroplasty using pronator quadratus pedicled bone was considered as a very effective method for the treatment of stage III Kienbock's disease.
Arthroplasty* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Male ; Occupations ; Osteonecrosis* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Wrist

Background: The Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision-Making Act has allowed anyone aged 19 or older to sign an Advance Directive not to receive life-sustaining treatment when they are in the ‘death process’. Recently, the Korean Pharmaceutical Association announced to raise awareness of the Advance Directive to the general public through community pharmacies across the country. This study aimed to investigate the public’s willingness to accept pharmacist’s consultation regarding the Advance Directive and to present future directions to pharmacists Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire study using 16-items was conducted in adults, Study subjects were recruited by convenience sampling method during August 5-15, 2020. Results: Of 460 respondents, 51.7% were younger than 30-year-old and 58.7% were not in the healthcare field in terms of job or major. 60.2% knew about the Advance Directive and 81.7% agreed the necessity to sign when healthy. 50.0% had the willingness to consult with pharmacists on the Advance Directive for well-dying and 80.4% preferred verbal explanation together with written information. Simple linear regression analysis results showed a significant relationship between trust in pharmacists or satisfaction with pharmacist’s communication and willingness to use pharmacist’ consultation on the Advance Directive (1-point increases in values measured on a five-point scale are associated with 0.464 and 0.486 increases, respectively.) Conclusion This study suggests that pharmacists need to improve the public’s trust and communication capability to satisfy with public’s demands on well-dying service.