No abstract available.
Seizures* ; Unconsciousness*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Unconsciousness

The paroxysmal kinesigenic chereoathetosis is characterized by choreoathetotic, dystonic movements induced by sudden movements without loss of consciousness, urinary incontinence and clonic movement. These attacks begin in childhood. The effect of anticonvulsants is usually excellent. We report one case of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis.
Anticonvulsants ; Unconsciousness ; Urinary Incontinence

CT findings justified surgical intervention in three young patients who had suffered from epilepsy and attack like unconsciousness. Other neurodiagnostic procedures with these patients had failed to show focal cerebral lesions amenable to surgical treatment. Two patients of them achieved significant relief from seizures after operation, but one has been suffering from occasional epileptic attacks yet.
Epilepsy ; Humans ; Seizures* ; Unconsciousness

No abstract available.
Apnea ; Catheters ; Unconsciousness

Episodes of loss of consciousness occur in various situations. Although cough syncope has been recognized and described over a hundred years ago, this condition remains a fascinating and incompletely understood clinical entity. In the present case, syncope sometimes occurred during vigorous paroxysms of non-productive coughing that were due to gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Cough* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Syncope* ; Unconsciousness

Consciousness has become a legitimate theme of neuroscientific discourse over the last two decades. Neuroscientific investigation seeking neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has ranged from the neuronal level to the system level. Regarding system level studies, there is a large body of evidence supporting the idea that functional connectivity studies can help in examining NCC. Functional connectivity studies have suggested the involvement of the thalamo-cortical, frontoparietal, and other cortico-cortical connectivity under anesthetic-induced unconsciousness and in disorders of consciousness. Likewise, effective connectivity has been used to investigate the causal interactions among elements of functional connectivity in various consciousness states, and provided a deeper understanding of NCC. Moreover, as an extended version of connectivity studies, complex network methods have also been used for studies on NCC. In this review, we focused on the aspect of the brain system level of NCC including functional and effective connectivity networks from methodological perspectives. In addition, as for states of consciousness, anesthetic-induced unconsciousness and disorders of consciousness are the main subjects. This review discusses what we have learned from recent studies about the exploration of human brain connectivity on consciousness and its neural correlates.
Brain ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Neurons ; Unconsciousness

BACKGROUND: We investigated effect-site median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol for loss of consciousness and effect-site concentration at each anesthetic stage and awakening time to compare the differences by gender or age of patients using Schnider model. METHODS: Total 91 patients were allocated into 4 groups: male patients aged 18-34 year (Group 1), male patients aged 35-55 years (Group 2), female patients aged 18-34 years (Group 3) and female patients aged 35-55 years (Group 4). The effect-site EC50 for loss of consciousness was calculated and the effect-site concentration of propofol at each anesthetic stage and the awakening time of each group were recorded. RESULTS: The effect-site EC50 of propofol for loss of consciousness was 4.53 +/- 0.30microgram/ml, 4.60 +/- 0.25microgram/ml, 4.13 +/- 0.39microgram/ ml and 4.47 +/- 0.65microgram/ml in group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The effect-site concentrations in male patients aged 18-34 years were significantly higher than those in female patients. The awakening time of female patients aged 35-55 years was shorter than that of male patients. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences of effect-site EC50 for the loss of consciousness of propofol with target effect-site controlled infusion by Schnider model among the groups. However the effect-site concentrations and the awakening time of propofol by Schnider model showed differences in patients' gender and age.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Propofol* ; Unconsciousness

Severe cardiac and neurologic toxicities of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose have been reported since the introduction of TCAs in 1950s. Despite the decreased numbers of TCA overdoses, the mortality and morbidity rates of TCA overdose have remained constantly high. Clinical manifestations of TCA overdose are characterized by unconsciousness and specific electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities such as prolongation of the PR and QTc intervals, widening of the QRS duration, and an increased R wave and R/S ratio in lead aVR. We report a case with unusually prolonged unconsciousness without initial stem reflexes for 7 days and multiple ECG abnormalities following TCA overdose. It is suggested that the serial monitoring of R wave and R/S ratio in lead aVR might be informative in predicting recovery from toxicity following TCA overdose.
Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Mortality ; Reflex ; Unconsciousness*

The paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis is characterized by choreathetoic, dystonic and/or tonic movements induced by sudden voluntary movements, without loss of consciousness, urinary incontinence and clonic movement. These attacks begin in childhood, and are occasionally familial. The response to anticonvulsants is usually excellent. We present 4 cases of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis with a brief review of literature, which is believed to be the first report in Korea.
Anticonvulsants ; Korea ; Unconsciousness ; Urinary Incontinence