Statistical analysis of 18,211 cases of electrocardiogram which were recorded in Chung-Ang University Hospital from January 1969 to December 162% of total cases(61% of male and 63% of female) and the incidence of normal electrocardiogram was decrease with aging. 2) Abnormal Q-wave was seen in 0.4% of total cases(0.5% of male and 0.3% of female) and the incidence of abnormal Q-wave was more common over 50 years of age. 3) Left axis deviation was seen in 1.1% of total cases(1.4% of male and 0.9% of female) and the incidence of left axis deviation was more common over 50 years of age. Right axis deviation was seen in 0.3% of total cases(0.3% of male and 0.4% of female) and the incidence of right axis deviation was more common under 30 years of age. 4) Left ventricular hypertrophy was seen in 3.6% of total cases(4.8% of male and 2.5% of female) and the incidence of right ventricular hypertrophy was more common under 30 years of age. 5) ST-segment depression was seen in 2.0% of total cases(2.2% of male and 1.9% of female) and the incidence of ST-segment depression was increased with aging. 6) T-wave inversion was seen in 1.6% of total cases (1.5% of male and 1.7% of female) and the incidence of T-wave inversion was increased with aging. 7) Atrioventricular block was seen in 1.4% of total cases(1.8% of male and 1.0% of female) and the incidence of atrioventricular block was more common over 50 years of age. 8) Incidence of complete left bundle branch block was 0.2% and was more common overs 60 years of age. Incidence of complete right bundle branch block was 1.1% and the incidence was more common over 50 years of age. Incidence of incomplete right bundle branch block was 3.0% and the incidence was more common under 40 years of age. 9) The incidence of premature beat was 2.7% of total cases, atrial fibrillation 1.5%, supraventricular tachycardia 0.2%, sinus tachycardia 7.5%, sinus bradycardia 2.2% and sinus arrhythmia 2.3%. 10) Low voltage was ssen in 3.8% of total cases and the incidence of low voltage was more common over 50 years of age.
Aging ; Arrhythmia, Sinus ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrioventricular Block ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bradycardia ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Depression ; Electrocardiography* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular

The aim of this study was to quantitatively estimate the effect of hypertension upon the left ventricle, using the systolic time intervals. The subjects for this study consist of 72 hospitalized hypertensive patients including 38 males and 34 females. The measurements of the systolic time intervals were obtained from simultaneous high speed recording(100mm/sec) of an electrocardiographic lead best displaying the onset of left ventricular depolarization, a carotid pulse tracing, and a phonocardiogram best displaying the initial high frequency vibrations of the aortic valve closure sound. All data were corrected for heart rate and sex using the regression equations of Weissleretal. The results were follows: 1) As the diastolic blood pressure increased, shortening of left ventricular ejection time index and prolongation of preejection period index and PEP/LVET ratio were significant. 2) As the electrocardiographic findings related to hypertension became severe shortening of left ventricular ejection time index and prolongation of preejection period index and PEP/LVET ratio were significant. 3) As the hypertensive retinopathy became severe, shortening of left ventricular ejection time index and prolongation of preejection period index and PEP/LVET ratio were significant. It was suggested that the measurement of the systolic time intervals are useful in assessing the effects of hypertension upon the left ventricular function and in detecting early recognition of cardiac dysfunction in hypertension, even though not necessarily associated with overt heart failure.
Aortic Valve ; Blood Pressure ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Heart Rate ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertensive Retinopathy ; Male ; Systole* ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Vibration

The clinical observation was made on 174 patients with congestive heart failure among the admitted patients in Chung Ang university hospital between 1971 and July, 1978. The results were summarized as follows: 1. There were 89 females and 85 males and the incidence was the highest in the 6th decade. 2. The common causes of congestive heart failure were hypertensive heart disease 44.8%, valvular heart disease 21.3% and ischemic heart disease 9.2%. 3. The precipitating factors of congesive heart failure were found in 73.6% of cases and the major factors were arrhythmia 25.3% and infection 15.5%. 4. The important symptoms and signs were dyspnea 86.8%, hepatomegaly 53.4%, pulmonary rales 49.4%, cardiac murmur 46%, tachycardia 35.1% cough 35.1% and orthopnea 34.5%. 5. The ECG findings were abnormal in 92.1% of cases and the frequent abnormal findings were inverted or flat T wave 47.3%, atrial fibrillation 40.6% and left ventricular hypertrophy 33.3%. 6. The chest PA on admission revealed abnormalities in 159 cases, including cardiomegaly 74.6%, pulmonary congestion 66.9% and pleural effusion 26.6%. 7. The major abnormalities of laboratory data were proteinuria and the increase of globuline, BUN, TTT, alkaline phosphatase and SGOT.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Cardiomegaly ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Electrocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Murmurs ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Pleural Effusion ; Precipitating Factors ; Proteinuria ; Respiratory Sounds ; Tachycardia ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Heart Ventricles* ; Tendons*

The CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells have known to mediate major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytolysis and to secret an HIV-1 inhibitory factor. As HIV infection lead to dramatic changes within the cellular immune system, the cellular cytotoxicities decrease in the duration of the HIV infection. To determine the importance of the cellular cytotoxicities in long-term nonprogression, we tried to compare CD28 expression on total T, CD4(+) T, and CD8(+) T cells as one of methods for cellular cytotoxicity measurements between long-term nonprogressor and normal person or between long-term nonprogressor and rapid progressor. The median percentages and counts of CD4(+) T cells of the norrnal, the long-term nonprogressor, and the rapid progressor groups were 39.9 and 0.96 * 10(9) cells/L, 24.6 and 0.58 * 10(9) cells/L, 9.9 and 0.15 * 10 cells/L, respectively. As a result of comparison of the cells having CD28 surface molecules on CD8(+) T cells in the long-term nonprogressor and the rapid progressor group, they showed over 5 times lower than that in the normal group. Especially, the long-term nonprogressor regarded to the healthy HIV-infected patient showed much lower CD28 expression on total T, CD4(+) T, and CD8(+) T cells than those of the normal person. The proportions of CD4'CD28 T and CD3CD28 T cell subsets showed the significant difference between the LTNP and the RP group. In conclusion, although HIV-infected patients were LTNPs having the steady CD4(+) T cell counts and no clinical symptoms, we suggested that HIV led to abnormality within the lymphocyte subsets such as the altered expression of CD28 molecules on various T cell subsets and this result would cause deficiency of host immune function and failure of control of HIV replication by anergy in T cell subsets.
Cell Count ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Immune System ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets* ; T-Lymphocytes

Clinical observation was done on 302 cases of cerebrovascular accidents admitted at Sung-Sim hospital, Chung-Ang University from January, 1968 to August, 1976. 1) Of 302 cases of cerebrovascular accidents, the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was 28.8, cerebral thrombosis 47,7 Subarachnoid hemorrhage 20.2% and cerebral embolism 3.3%. 2) The peak age incidence was in the fifth decade in cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, whereas in cerebral thrombosis, it was in the sixth decade. 3) The most frequent predisposing factor in cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage were physical activity and emotional stress, whereas in thrombosis and embolism, it was rest. 4) Among disease preceding the onset of cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension were presented 65.4% in cerebral hemorrhage, 63.6% in cerebral thrombosis, 56.6% in subarachnoid hemorrhage and valvular heart disease was presented 40.0% in cerebral embolism. 5) Serum cholesterol level over 200mg% was seen in 33.0% of cerebrovascular accidents. 6) Leukocytosis was seen 58.6% of cerebrovascular accidents which was predominantly found in the hemorrhagic group. 7) The pressure of cerebrospinal fluid was elevated in 61.7% of cerebrovascular accidents, predominantliny the hemorrhagic group. 8) The peak duration of admission was present in 51.7% of cerebrovascular accidents within 7 days and mortality rate during hospitalization was 38.0% in cerebral hemorrhage, 10.4% in cerebral thrombosis and 27.8% in subarachnoid hemorrhage. 9)The mortality rate during hospitalization was 35.3% in all cerebrlavascular accidents within 24 hours.
Causality ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Cholesterol ; Embolism and Thrombosis ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hospitalization ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Intracranial Embolism ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Leukocytosis ; Mortality ; Motor Activity ; Stress, Psychological ; Stroke ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The present study has been undertaken to investigate the values of serum lipids with hypertension and ischemic heart diseases. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured from 231 cases of hypertension, 23 cases of angina pectoris, 18 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 67 healthy adults together with normal value as controls. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean values of serum lipids in healthy adults were 111.0+/-41.3mg% for triglyceride, 171.2+/-33.5mg% for cholesterol, 175.1+/-36.3mg% for phospholipid, 479.9+/-82.6mg% for total lipid. The values of serum lipoproteins were 219.8+/-46.8mg% for beta-lipoprotein, 93.4+/-53.8mg% for pre beta-lipoprotein and 164.1+/-40.8mg% for alpha-lipoprotein. The values of cholesterol, triglyceride and beta-lipoprotein were gradually increased with aging. 2. The mean values of serum lipids in patients with hypertension were 176.3+/-94.5mg% for triglyceride, 199.7+/-36.9mg% for cholesterol, 207.8+/-38.0mg% for phospholipid, 601.9+/-139.9mg% for total lipid. The values of serum lipoproteins were 266.0+/-73.5mg% for beta-lipoprotein, 147.7+/-89.5mg% for pre-beta-lipoprotein and 187.7+/-56.7mg% for alpha-lipoprotein. The serum lipid values in patients with hypertension were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. 3. The mean values of serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with angina pectoris were significantly higher than in healthy controls. 4. The serum lipid values in general were higher rather in patients with acute myocardial infarction than healthy controls, but the values of serum phospholipid, pre-beta-lipoprotein and alpha-lipoprotein in them were not significantly higher than those in healthy controls. 5. The values of serum HDL-cholesterol in patients with hypertension, anginal pectoris and acute myocardial infarction were lower than those in healthy controls. The values of serum HDL-cholesterol in all cases were in general higher rather in femal than male.
Adult ; Aging ; Angina Pectoris ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Reference Values ; Triglycerides

Authors experienced a case of acute myocardial infarction confirmed by analysis of LDH isoenzyme. 53-year-old male was admitted to Sacred Heat Hospital, Chung Ang University Because of severe precordial pain radiating to both arm, shoulder and back. Chest X-ray film & electrocardiogram were within normal limit and SGOT was 110 unit/ml on the day of admission. Determination of total LDH value and analysis of LDH isoenzyme by agar gel electrophoresis were made on the second hospital day. Total LDH was 315unit/ml, but there was significant increased percentage of LDH isoenzyme(LDH1). Electrocardiogram showed ST segment elevation only on the 8th hospital day.
Male ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) is a common disorder and its consequences are often serious. It is important to detect the disorder early in the course for proper treatment. This study is to grasp the snoring clinic visitors' knowledge level of OSAS. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-nine visitors at the of snoring clinic of Seoul National University Hospital were surveyed by questionnaire about reasons of visit and knowledge of treatment methods of snoring and OSAS, diagnostic method, OSAS-related symptoms, and complications. RESULTS: Most of the respondents (89.4%) "have already heard about OSAS" and the major sources of information was the mass media (58.1%) such as television and radio. More than half (60.3%) were aware that snoring is closely related to OSAS. More than half (59.8%) recognized that a nocturnal polysomnograpy was necessary for proper diagnosis. Two thirds (67%) of the respondents noted surgery as a treatment for snoring. More than half (55.9%) answered that they would follow the doctor's advice on the treatment choice. Only 12.3% of respondents "have heard about nCPAP". No one chose nCPAP (nasal continuous positive airway pressure) as a treatment for either snoring or OSAS. About one third (34.6%) of the respondents were aware that OSAS is related to hypertension. Only 12.8% noted that OSAS is related to diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: Visitors at the snoring clinic were found to have substantially limited knowledge of health risks and proper treatments of OSAS. We suggest that it is crucially important to educate patients and offer easy-to-understand information on snoring and OSAS. We predict that provision of educaiton and information to patients and general public will faciliate the diagnosis and treatment of snoring and OSAS and reduce the related disorders such as hypertension, stroke, and diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mass Media ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Snoring ; Stroke ; Television

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate case-fatality rates and survival rates, prognostic factors of prevalent five cancers(stomach, lung, liver, cervix, colon) in a university hospital located in Taejon City. METHODS: 2,158 cancer patients who have admitted the hospital from Jan. 1, 1991 to Dec. 31, 1998 were analysed. The higher ratio of outbreak and growing were selected among the investigated cancer data for over 100 of subjects in Korean cancer patient was examined into two method. The one is medical record and the other is affirm a government office for existence or not. RESULTS: The lung cancer was discovered for the highest fatality rate. The crude 5-year survival rate of all cancer patients was 43.9% and that in male was higher than that in female. The 5-year survival rate of stomach cancer patients were 49.7%, that treated with combined(operation and chemotherapy) were 66.2%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 48.1%, and distant metastasis were 31.9%. Lung cancer patients were 25.9%, that treated with operation were 42.7%, and that with metastasis to lymph node were 29.3%. Hepatoma patients were 25.5%, that treated with operation were 37.8%. Uterine cervix cancer patients were 74.8%, that treated with operation were 95.0%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 83.3%, and distant metastasis 74.8%. Colon cancer patients were 41.8%, that treated with operation were 50.2%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 33.4%. Prognostic factors affecting survival rate among stomach cancer patients were age, operation, operation with cancer chemotherpy, and metastais to lymph node and distant matastasis. Prognostic factors of uterine cervix cancer was age, and that of colon cancer were operation with radiotherapy, metatasis to lymph node and distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: case-fatality rate in male were higher than that in female, and increased with age. The cancer survival rate of female is high, the high in over 40 years group, and operation is exposed in the highest survival rate, also significant difference in metastasis level.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cervix Uteri ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Daejeon ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate*