This experiment was performed the effect of the glycoconjugates of the skin in the Sprague-Dawley male rats exposed to SO2 for 1, 3 and 6 hours with various concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm). To investigate the change of glycoconjugates of skin, seven biotinylated lectins (DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL-1, sWGA, UEA-1, Con A) were applied with ABC method. The epidermis of experiment rats was more or less different according to the concentration of SO2, comparing control group, and beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, alpha-L-fucose, alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose of the epidermis tend to be increased according to exposed SO2 time, but alpha-D-galactose was tend to be decreased. Galactose-beta-1, 3-Nacetyl- D-galactosamine was tend to more or less increase in horny layer of the epidermis, but decrease in granular and spinous layers. As contrasted control group, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the dermis of experiment rats was decreased, but alpha- D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased. In the hair follicle of the experiment rats, beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and galactose-beta-1, 3-N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine tend to be decreased according to exposed SO2 time though more or less differ from the portions of the hair follicle, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and alpha-L-fucose were found noticeably to increase comaring control group. According to exposed SO2 time, the decrease of alpha-D-galactose tend to be little more pronounced in the outer root sheath of the upper portion of hair follicle. In contrast, the same sheath of the upper portion in above follicle was increased relatively. alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased in the root sheath of hair follicle and hair cortex, but decreased in the hair medulla. In the experiment rats, the beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine tend to be decreased gradually according to exposed SO2 time, but the decrease of galactose-beta-1, 3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine were showed significantly as contrasted control group. beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased gradually according to exposed SO2 time, but alpha-L-fucose was increased remarkably. The effect on lectin binding pattern of the glycoconjugates in the rat skin according to the concentrations and exposed time of SO2 was noted that the alternations of lectin binding pattern tend to be a little more pronounced in low concentration of exposed SO2 for a long time than in high concentration of exposed SO2 for a short time. The alternations of lectin binding pattern were appeared almost similar in concentrations of 50 ppm SO2 and above.
Animals ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Glycoconjugates* ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Lectins ; Male ; Mannose ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin* ; Sulfur Dioxide* ; Sulfur*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of psychiatric inpatients in mental health related facilities and community mental health services-utilizing patients by diverse factors in Korea. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent via mail to 140 standard mental health centers from October to December of 2008. 64 facilities responded and data of 461 mentally disabled who are registered at and utilize the services of these mental health centers were analyzed. T-test and cross-analysis were performed to determine the differences in the averages of the variables and the discrepancy in ratios, respectively. RESULTS: Differences between long-term psychiatric inpatients and community mental health services-utilizing patients were seen in characteristics such as gender, age, type of medical coverage, family support systems, diagnosis, age of onset, duration of hospitalization, community-dwelling period, and clinical symptoms and functions. It was significantly short in length of stay in facilities in users of community mental health services with comparison to institutionalized patients. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that invigoration of community mental health services is an alternative that can help deter long-term hospitalization.
Age of Onset ; Community Mental Health Services* ; Diagnosis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea* ; Length of Stay ; Mental Health* ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Postal Service ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gabexate, a protease inhibitor, has been known to prevent pancreatic damage following ERCP. We conducted a prospective and randomized study to assess the preventive effect of gabexate. Methods: Of the 96 patients enrolled, 46 were treated with gabexate and 50 with placebo. The groups were similar with regard to sex, age, body-mass index, and the final diagnosis of ERCP. RESULTS: 24 patients (25.0%) had elevated pancreatic-enzyme levels; the frequency was similar in the two groups (P=0.48). Mean serum amylase value at 4 hours after ERCP was similar in patients with elevated basal level (220.5+/-43.2 U/L) and those with normal basal level (170.4+/-31.2 U/L). After the procedures, serum amylase values were lower in the gabexate group (137.1+/-19.8 U/L) than in the placebo group (212.0+/-50.4 U/L). The differences were not significant in the mean levels of amylase between the groups for any of imaging of the pancreatic ducts (pancreatic-duct imaging, 201.5+/-49.4 U/L, bile-duct imaging, 153.7+/-30.0 U/L). But in the patients with pancreatic duct imaging, serum amylase values were significantly higher in the placebo group (295.0+/-97.6 U/L) than in the gabexate group (112.0+/-10.6 U/L)(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic treatment with gabexate does not reduce pancreatic damage related to ERCP, but only in the patients with pancreatic duct imaging there were the significant differences between in the gabexate group and in the placebo group.
Amylases ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Diagnosis ; Gabexate* ; Humans ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis ; Prospective Studies ; Protease Inhibitors

An increase in the dose of chemotherapy enhances the response of many experimental and clinical cancers, but the extent of chemotherapy dose escalation and repeated use is often limited by myelosuppression. The side effects of chemotherapy including bleeding and infection due to myelosuppression have resulted in delayed therapy and a reduction in the therapeutic dose, therefore it is necessary to overcome myelosuppression especially leukopenia in patients with gynecologic malignancies who recieved chemotherapy. This study is undertaken to investigate the clinical effects of rhG-CSF(recombinant human Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) in 29 patients with gynecologic malignancy who recieved chemotherapy. It was given at a dose of 100 microgram bid/day subcutaneously until significantly increase of leukocyte count in leukopenic patient. The results showed, the rhG-CSF has significantly increased the number and function of leukocyte. The use of rhG-CSF was effective and useful to treat chemotherapy induced leukopenia and to accelerate the recovery from this complications.
Drug Therapy* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans* ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Leukopenia*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Endometrioid* ; Uterus*

INTRODUCTIONThere is no consensus on the extent of lymphadenectomy and the appropriate patients for lymphadenectomy in low-risk patients with endometrial cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for low-risk patients with endometrial cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODSFrom January 2004 to May 2008, we reviewed the medical records of 28 patients with low-risk, endometrial cancer; endometrioid type, grade 1 or 2, and with a depth of myometrial invasion of less than one-half of the myometrium. All patients underwent laparoscopically-assisted staging surgery.

RESULTSThe median age and body mass index were 56 years (range, 28 to 75) and 25.5 kg/m(2) (range, 21.3 to 37.2). The median operating time, estimated blood loss, and length of hospital stay were 142 minutes (range, 110 to 410), 215 mL (range, 100 to 700), and 7 days (range, 3 to 19), respectively. No conversion to laparotomy was noted. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 21 (range, 10 to 48) pelvic nodes and 12 (range, 4 to 21) para-aortic nodes. One (3.6%) patient presented pelvic lymph node metastasis and 2 (7.1%) presented isolated para-aortic lymph node metastasis. The complication rate was 14.3%. No recurrence in the vaginal vault, distant metastasis, port site metastasis was noted up to the last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSystemic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy should be considered in all low-risk patients with endometrial cancer until it is concluded to be clinically insignificant through large-scale prospective research in the future. However, it will be difficult to explain statistical differences in survival rates according to lymphadenectomy, because the increase of the survival rate resulting from lymphadenectomy will fall within the margin of statistical error.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; pathology ; surgery ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retroperitoneal Space ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Recruitment and development of multiple follicles in response to gonadotropin stimulation are the key factors leading to successful treatment by assisted reproductive technologies. Prediction of ovarian responses prior to stimulation is useful in counselling and helpful in adjusting the dosage of gonadotropin to individual patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the number of antral follicles of both ovaries as a predictor of outcome of assisted reproductive technologies. METHODS: Data were collected by a retrospective analysis. A total of 56 consecutive infertile women were undergoing the first cycle using a standard regimen of ovarian stimulation from July, 2000 to June, 2001. Basal FSH, LH, prolactin, and estradiol concentration were measured. The number of follicles (2-5 mm) were recorded. RESULTS: In women with fewer antral follicles, the number of retrieved eggs was significantly decreased and increased the duration and dosage of human menopausal gonadotropin, but pregnancy rate was similar to those with a higher number of antral follicles. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the total antral follicle number is sensitive ultrasound parameter in predicting the ovarian response.
Eggs ; Estradiol ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Ovary ; Ovulation Induction ; Ovum ; Pregnancy Rate ; Prolactin ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diet tendencies of human and companion animals using big data analysis. The keyword data of human diet and companion animals' diet were collected from the portal site Naver from January 1, 2016 until December 31, 2016 and collected data were analyzed by simple frequency analysis, N-gram analysis, keyword network analysis and seasonality analysis. In terms of human, the word exercise had the highest frequency through simple frequency analysis, whereas diet menu most frequently appeared in the N-gram analysis. companion animals, the term dog had the highest frequency in simple frequency analysis, whereas diet method was most frequent through N-gram analysis. Keyword network analysis for human indicated 4 groups: diet group, exercise group, commercial diet food group, and commercial diet program group. However, the keyword network analysis for companion animals indicated 3 groups: diet group, exercise group, and professional medical help group. The analysis of seasonality showed that the interest in diet for both human and companion animals increased steadily since February of 2016 and reached its peak in July. In conclusion, diets of human and companion animals showed similar tendencies, particularly having higher preference for dietary control over other methods. The diets of companion animals are determined by the choice of their owners as effective diet method for owners are usually applied to the companion animals. Therefore, it is necessary to have empirical demonstration of whether correlation of obesity between human being and the companion animals exist.
Animals ; Cats ; Diet* ; Dogs ; Friends* ; Humans* ; Methods ; Obesity ; Pets* ; Seasons ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: Propofol has a high incidence of pain with intravenous injection, and different methods have been used to minimize the incidence and severity of this pain. In this study, we have compared the effect of lidocaine pretreatment with that of ketorolac pretreatment on propofol injection pain. METHODS: Sixty children, aged 7 - 12 years, scheduled for general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups; saline group (n = 20), lidocaine group (n = 20), and ketorolac group (n = 20). All patients were inserted with a 20 G or 22 G angiocatheter into the veins on the dorsal hand or antecubital fossa. After applying an arm tourniquet at an inflation pressure of 30 - 40 mmHg, the saline group received 2 ml of 0.9% saline, the lidocaine group received lidocaine 0.75 mg/kg mixed with 2 ml of 0.9% saline, and the ketorolac group received ketorolac 0.75 mg/kg mixed with 2 ml of 0.9% saline. The tourniquet was released 1 minute later, followed by an intravenous injection of 2.5 mg/kg of propofol. Pain and involuntary movement at propofol injection and changes of blood pressure and heart rate were compared. RESULTS: 1. The incidence of pain diminished significantly in the lidocaine group (15%) and the ketorolac group (25%) compared with the saline group (80%) at the time of injection of propofol and there was no significant difference between the lidocaine group and the ketorolac group. 2. The incidence of involuntary movement diminished significantly in the lidocaine group (grade 0: 80%, grade 1: 20%, grade 2: 0%) and the ketorolac group (grade 0: 65%, grade 1: 30%, grade 2: 5%) compared with the saline group (grade 0: 10%, grade 1: 25%, grade 2: 65%) at the injection of propofol and there was no significant difference between the lidocaine group and the ketorolac group. 3. Blood pressure and heart rate significantly increased after intubation in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: From the above results, both intravenous lidocaine and ketorolac pretreatment are effective in alleviating propofol injection pain and involuntary movement, but there is no significant difference between the lidocaine group and the ketorolac group.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia, General ; Arm ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Dyskinesias ; Hand ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflation, Economic ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation ; Ketorolac* ; Lidocaine* ; Propofol* ; Tourniquets ; Veins

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of food consumption monitoring based on a digital photography method using a mobile phone on food consumption and weight reduction. Eighteen female college students (>30% body fat) participated in the weight control program using a mobile-phone for 4 wks. The energy intake was reduced significantly after 3 wks compared to baseline (P<0.05, baseline: 1,453.0 kcal, 3rd wk: 1,171.1 kcal, 4th wk: 1,130.8 kcal). The subjects lost 2.8 kg of body weight, 1.4% of % body fat, and 1.1 kg/m2 of body mass index (BMI) after 4 wks. There were also significant differences in blood pressure (P<0.001) and serum cholesterol (total cholesterol: P<0.05, LDL-cholesterol: P<0.01) before and after the self-regulated diet program. In this study, the digital photography method using a mobile-phone influenced weight control through trained consumption monitoring, which helps individuals reduce discrepancies between perceived and actual consumption levels. Therefore, effective monitoring by taking food pictures using a mobile-phone can lead individuals to rely more heavily on easy-to-monitor visual cues.
Adipose Tissue ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Cellular Phone ; Cholesterol ; Cues ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Photography ; Weight Loss