The postoperative complications of frontalis sling for severe blepharoptosis with poor levator function have included undercorrection, overcorrection, exposure keratitis due to lagophthalmos, lid lag. upper lid asymmetry etc, External levator resection with aponeurotic approach was performed for 77 blepharoptosis patients (106 eyelids) with poor levator function from October 1987 through April 1996 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University, College of Medicine. Unilateral blepharoptosis were 44 eyelids and bilateral cases included 62 eyelids. Levator function was measured 4nim in 23 eyelids, Slum in 22 eyelids and 0-2iBin in 61 eyelids, After the follow up periods of 12-108 months (mean 36.3 months) , satisfactory resuite have been achieved in 44 eyelids (100%) of unilateral ptosis and in 30 eyelids (90.9%) of bilateral ptosis. All eyelids with 4mm levator function was successful, 22 eyelids (86.4%) with 3mm levator function were satisfactory and 61 eyelids (95. 1%) with 0-2mm levator function revealed satisfactory result. Postoperative complications included entropion (4 cases) , undercorection (2 cases) , corneal opacity (I case) and corneal ulcer (1 case). Based on this study, external levator resection could were one of the ideal techniques for severe ptosis with poor to absent. levator function.
Blepharoptosis* ; Corneal Opacity ; Corneal Ulcer ; Entropion ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Ophthalmology ; Postoperative Complications ; Poverty Areas

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) lymphadenitis is the most common complication of BCG vaccination. It commonly occurs in infants aged <6 months involving ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. We described BCG lymphadenitis in a 22-month-old boy presenting swelling of left supraclavicular lymph node that was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the multiplex PCR targeting the region of difference (RD).
Humans ; Infant ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis* ; Male ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccination*

OBJECTIVES: Recently, the main focus of etiologic study in schizophrenia has been directed to molecular genetic approach including polymorphism analysis. Abnormal immunoreactivity to IL-4 promoter and IL-4Ralpha has been identified in patients with schizophrenia. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between schizophrenia and immunologic influences by analyzing the polymorphisms of IL-4 promoter and IL-4Ralpha gene that are involved in interaction between immunologic system and CNS. METHODS: 222 schizophrenic patients diagnosed by DSM-IV and data of 165 normal controls obtained from Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Information Bank, College of medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, were used in this study. DNA was extracted from whole blood and the polymorphic loci of IL-4 promoter and IL-4Ralphagene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Gene typing was performed by using SSCP and the results were assessed. The frequencies of allele and genotype were compared between patients and normal controls and between paranoid group and non-paranoid group. All data were analyzed chi2-test with two-tailed Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: 1) There were no significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies of IL-4 promoter and IL-4Ralpha between the group of schizophrenic patients and controls. 2) There were no significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies of IL-4 promoter and of IL-4Ralpaha between the group of paranoid schizophrenic patients and non-paranoid schizophrenic patients. CONCLSUION: These results suggest that polymorphisms of IL-4 promoter and IL-4Ralpha genes are unlikely related with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Alleles ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; DNA ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-4* ; Korea ; Molecular Biology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Schizophrenia ; Stem Cells

In situ hybridization using biotinylated HPV(Human papillomaviruses) probes was performed to detect HPV DNA in 24 patients with genital wart-like lesions. The lesions were divided into two groups, with or without dysplastic changes histologically. We could detect HPV6/11 in 13 of 17 lesions(76.5%) without dysplastic changes. HPU16/18 was detected in a case with dysplastic changes. HPV6/ll was also detected in a case considered to be misdiagnosed as bowenoid papulosis. Oncogenic HPV such as HPV16/18 was found in one of histologically splastic lesions(14.3%).
Condylomata Acuminata* ; DNA* ; Humans* ; In Situ Hybridization

We performed a retrospective study of 47 patients(47 eyes) with retinal vein occlusion who had treated with laser photocoagulation for neovascularization from January 1991 through January 1992. Only cases with a minimum of one year follow up were included in this study. The majority of patients were 50 year old(78.7%). Sixteen patients were male(34%) and thirty one patients were female(66%). The proportion of branch retinal vein occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion was 74.5%, 25.5%, respectively. New vessles elsewhere were developed in 36 eyes(76.6%), new vessles on the disc in 7 eyes(14.9%), and 4 eyes(8.5%) had both types of neovascularization. The percents of regression in neovascularization was 72.3% which ranged from 84% for under 10 disc diameter area of retinal ischemia to 64% for over 10 disc diameter area of retinal ischemia. Vitreous hemorrhage occured in 12 eyes(25.5%) within 1 year and especially when ischemic area was over 10 disc diameters and associated with systemic vascular diseases.
Argon* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Light Coagulation* ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Diseases ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Melanocytes grown in pure monolayer culure lack many of the cellular interactions that exist in vivo. This can be partially overcome by growing melanocytes together with other epidermal cells in skin equivalent models. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to grow human melanocytes in human epidermis reconstructed on dermal substrates in vitro and to examine their response to UV radiation. METHODS: The skin equivalents were prepared by seeding cultured human keratinocytes together with cultured human melanocytes(in a ratio of 5%) onto de-epidermized dermis. After 7 days of culture, they were exposed to UVB irradiation(total 150m J/cm over 5days). On day 12 of air exposure the sections of the skin equivalents were prepared for histology. The structure of the skin equivalents was studied following staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Melanocytes were characterized by DOPA staining and by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Melanocytes were localized singly within the basal layer of the reconstructs. Melanin was also visible both in the melanocytes and in neighboring keratinocytes. There was an increase in melanocyte size and dendricity following UV irradiation. Melanocytes became positive to staining with HMB-45 antibody following UV irradiation. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that melanocytes grown in reconstructed human epidermis are functional and capable of responding to UV irradiation.
Dermis ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Epidermis* ; Hematoxylin ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratinocytes ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Skin

We aimed to evaluate the effects of onlay-type grafted human freeze-dried corticocancellous bone block (FDBB) and deproteinized bovine bone with collagen (DBBC) loaded with Escherichia coli-produced recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (ErhBMP-2) on space maintenance and new bone formation in rat calvaria. Collagen sponge (CS), FDBB, or DBBC disks (8×4 mm) with ErhBMP-2 (2.5 µg) were implanted onto the calvaria of male Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas CS with buffer was implanted onto the calvaria as controls (n=20/carrier). Rats were killed at 2 or 8 weeks post-surgery for histologic and histomorphometric analyses; total augmented area, new bone area, and bone density were evaluated. At both time-points, all ErhBMP-2 groups showed significantly higher new bone area and bone density than the control group (p<0.05). ErhBMP-2/FDBB and ErhBMP-2/DBBC groups showed significantly higher total augmented area than ErhBMP-2/CS group (8 weeks), and ErhBMP-2/FDBB group showed significantly higher new bone area and bone density than ErhBMP-2/DBBC group (p<0.05). ErhBMP-2/CS group showed the highest bone density (p<0.05). Combining ErhBMP-2 with FDBB or DBBC could significantly improve onlay graft outcomes, by new bone formation and bone density increase. Moreover, onlay-grafted FDBB and DBBC with ErhBMP-2 could be an alternative to autogenous block onlay bone graft.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Substitutes* ; Collagen ; Escherichia* ; Humans* ; Inlays* ; Male ; Osteogenesis* ; Porifera ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skull ; Space Maintenance, Orthodontic* ; Transplants

Objective: This study aimed to identify the central symptoms of late-life depression using network analysis and the item response theory. Methods: A total of 3,472 older adults were enrolled and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. To identify the central symptoms and the network structures among the individual symptoms, the analyses of symptom network structures and item response theory were performed. Results: Among items on the GDS-15, “Happy,” “Hopeless,” “Empty,” “Bored,” “Worthless,” and “Good spirits” showed significantly higher strength centrality than the other symptoms. Among all the edges, the edge between “Empty” and “Bored” was the strongest; however, these two symptoms were not connected strongly to other symptoms. In the analysis of item response theory, “Empty,” “Bored,” “Hopeless,” “Worthless,” “Happy,” “Helpless,” and “Satisfied” presented a very high value on the discrimination parameter. Conclusion Our study identified the central symptoms and the network structures among symptoms listed on the GDS-15. Most of central symptoms identified by network analysis and item response theory coincided. Our results suggest that these central symptoms need to be prioritized as highly comorbid symptoms and can contribute to the development of a brief screening tool for the elderly.

Objective: Situations in which elderly people are the primary caregivers for their grandchildren are becoming more common. Thisstudy aimed to investigate moderating factors of and the association between grandchild care and the grandparents’ perceived health.Financial support in return for grandchild care was also investigated as a moderating factor. Methods: Participants included 357 elderly people over the age of 60 years. The assessment to evaluate the perceived health status andsocial support was performed via a questionnaire. It included questions regarding the care of grandchildren and demographic variables,as well as the Medical Outcome Survey (MOS) 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), and the MOS Social Support Survey (MOSSSS). Results: The subscale scores of SF-36 and MOS-SSS did not differ significantly for grandchild-care status. However, the subscale scoresof SF-36 were significantly higher in groups that received regular financial support from adult children in return for grandchild carethan in groups that did not. Conclusion Our data suggest that regular financial support in return for grandchild care may be a moderating factor in the associationbetween grandchild care and the perceived health status of elderly people. These findings have important social implications and warrantfuture study to reveal the psychological mechanism of these associations and enhance the health of elderly individuals.Psychiatry Investig 2020;17(4):275-282

PURPOSE: To provide diagnostic information by evaluation of the positional relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine mandibular third molars were classified as mesioangular, horizontal, vertical, distoangular groups. The distances between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal were measured in cone-beam computed tomographs. The height and width ratios of distances from the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal to the mandibular inferior border and to the lingual cortical plate were calculated. RESULTS: The vertical and buccolingual distances between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal were 0.03 mm, 2.96 mm in the mesioangular, 0.37 mm, 3.38 mm in the horizontal, -1.50 mm, 1.38 mm in the vertical, -1.10 mm, 4.20 mm in the distoangular group. There were significant differences in vertical (P<0.05), but not in buccolingual (P>0.05). The height and width ratios of distances on the mandibular third molar were 47.1%, 36.1% in the mesioangular, 47.4%, 34.4% in the horizontal, 37.0%, 46.7% in the vertical, 40.9%, 37.4% in the distoangular group. There were significant differences between the mesioangular and the vertical group, and the horizontal and the vertical group in height ratio (P<0.05), and also between the mesioangular and the vertical group in width ratio (P<0.05). The height and width ratios of distances on the mandibular canal showed no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The mesioangular group showed the nearest distance between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal vertically. The root apex of the mandibular third molar was positioned more buccally in the vertical group than in the mesioangular group.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Molar, Third*