The CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells have known to mediate major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytolysis and to secret an HIV-1 inhibitory factor. As HIV infection lead to dramatic changes within the cellular immune system, the cellular cytotoxicities decrease in the duration of the HIV infection. To determine the importance of the cellular cytotoxicities in long-term nonprogression, we tried to compare CD28 expression on total T, CD4(+) T, and CD8(+) T cells as one of methods for cellular cytotoxicity measurements between long-term nonprogressor and normal person or between long-term nonprogressor and rapid progressor. The median percentages and counts of CD4(+) T cells of the norrnal, the long-term nonprogressor, and the rapid progressor groups were 39.9 and 0.96 * 10(9) cells/L, 24.6 and 0.58 * 10(9) cells/L, 9.9 and 0.15 * 10 cells/L, respectively. As a result of comparison of the cells having CD28 surface molecules on CD8(+) T cells in the long-term nonprogressor and the rapid progressor group, they showed over 5 times lower than that in the normal group. Especially, the long-term nonprogressor regarded to the healthy HIV-infected patient showed much lower CD28 expression on total T, CD4(+) T, and CD8(+) T cells than those of the normal person. The proportions of CD4'CD28 T and CD3CD28 T cell subsets showed the significant difference between the LTNP and the RP group. In conclusion, although HIV-infected patients were LTNPs having the steady CD4(+) T cell counts and no clinical symptoms, we suggested that HIV led to abnormality within the lymphocyte subsets such as the altered expression of CD28 molecules on various T cell subsets and this result would cause deficiency of host immune function and failure of control of HIV replication by anergy in T cell subsets.
Cell Count ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Immune System ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets* ; T-Lymphocytes

In situ hybridization using biotinylated HPV(Human papillomaviruses) probes was performed to detect HPV DNA in 24 patients with genital wart-like lesions. The lesions were divided into two groups, with or without dysplastic changes histologically. We could detect HPV6/11 in 13 of 17 lesions(76.5%) without dysplastic changes. HPU16/18 was detected in a case with dysplastic changes. HPV6/ll was also detected in a case considered to be misdiagnosed as bowenoid papulosis. Oncogenic HPV such as HPV16/18 was found in one of histologically splastic lesions(14.3%).
Condylomata Acuminata* ; DNA* ; Humans* ; In Situ Hybridization

A study was to evaluate the efficacy and clinical utility of second look operation in the managements of malignant ovarian tumor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kosin medical colleage from January 1986 to September 1993. Of 220 patients diagnosed as ovarian cancer, 48 patients who had underwent primariy laparotomy were performed second look operation. Thirty-seven patients were found to have no evidence of disease. The result revealed that negative second look operation rate was noted 96.3% at stage I, 66.6% at stage II, 50.0% at stage III, and 42.9% at stage IV and total negative second look operation rate was 77.1%. The 2 year survival rate for stage I, II, III, IV were 85.2%, 66.6%, 50.0% and 42.9% respectively. The survival rate of negative second look operation was 86.5%, that of positive second look operation was 18.1%. In conclusion, second look operation in early stage ovarian cancer need to be justified.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Laparotomy* ; Obstetrics ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

Thie study was conducted in the Anesthesiology Department of Chosun University Hospital from March to August 1987 using 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine and 0.4% hyperbaric bupivacaine as agents for spinal anesthesia. The following results were obtained. 1) The segmental heights and the highest level of sensory loss were significantly increased with increased dosage. In the hyperbaric bupivacaine groups of 15 mg and 20 mg respectively, the sensory lose in comparison with isobaric groups was significantly increased. 2) Less time was needed to achieve, complete motor blockade in the 15 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine group than in the isobaric groups but there were no significant differences between the other groups. The duration of motor blockade was more prolonged in the isdobaric bypivacaine groups using 15mg And 20 mg than in the hyperbaric groups. 3) The Group using 20 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine demonstrated a significant decrease in blood pressure as coupared wish the group using 20 mg of isobaric bupivacaine. 4) Following spinal anesthesia, headache developed in 5 cases (5.6%). From the above results we conluded that isobaric bupivacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine are appropriate anesthesia agents for surgery on the lower abdomen and lower extremities.
Abdomen ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthesiology ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine* ; Headache ; Lower Extremity

PURPOSE: In the anterior maxilla, hard and soft tissue augmentations are sometimes required to meet esthetic and functional demands. In such cases, primary soft tissue closure after bone grafting procedures is indispensable for a successful outcome. This report describes a simple method for soft tissue coverage of a guided bone regeneration (GBR) site using the double-rotated palatal subepithelial connective tissue graft (RPSCTG) technique for a maxillary anterior defect. METHODS: We present a 60-year-old man with a defect in the anterior maxilla requiring hard and soft tissue augmentations. The bone graft materials were filled above the alveolar defect and a titanium-reinforced nonresorbable membrane was placed to cover the graft materials. We used the RPSCTG technique to achieve primary soft tissue closure over the graft materials and the barrier membrane. Additional soft tissue augmentation using a contralateral RPSCTG and membrane removal were simultaneously performed 7 weeks after the stage 1 surgery to establish more abundant soft tissue architecture. RESULTS: Flap necrosis occurred after the stage 1 surgery. Signs of infection or suppuration were not observed in the donor or recipient sites after the stage 2 surgery. These procedures enhanced the alveolar ridge volume, increased the amount of keratinized tissue, and improved the esthetic profile for restorative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The use of RPSCTG could assist the soft tissue closure of the GBR sites because it provides sufficient soft tissue thickness, an ample vascular supply, protection of anatomical structures, and patient comfort. The treatment outcome was acceptable, despite membrane exposure, and the RPSCTG allowed for vitalization and harmonization with the recipient tissue.
Alveolar Process ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Transplantation ; Connective Tissue ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Membranes ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Palate ; Suppuration ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants* ; Treatment Outcome

Although the main purpose of periodontal treatment to regenerate is the complete regeneration of periodontal tissue due to periodontal disease, most of the treatment cannot meet such purpose because healing by long epithelial junction. Therefore, diverse materials of resorbable and non-resorbable have been used to regenerate the periodontal tissue. Due to high risk of exposure and necessity of secondary surgical procedure when using non-resorbable membrane, guided tissue regeneration using the resorbable membrane has gain popularity, recently. However, present resorbable membrane has the disadvantage of not having sufficient time to regenerate date to the difference of resorption rate according to surgical site. Meanwhile, other than the structure stability and facile manipulation, acellular dermal matrix has been reported to be a possible scaffold for cellular proliferation due to rapid revascularization and favorable physical properties for cellular attachment and proliferation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the influence of acellular dermal matrix on periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone when acellular dermal matrix is implanted to 1-wall alveolar bone defect. 4 dogs of 12 to 16 month old irrelevant to sex , which below 15Kg of body weight, has been used in this study. ADM has been used for the material of guided tissue regeneration. The 3rd premolar of the lower jaw was extracted bilaterally and awaited for self-healing. subsequently buccal and lingual flap was elevated to form one wall intrabony defect with the depth and width of 4mm on the distal surface of 2nd premolar and the mesial surface of 4th premolar. After the removal of periodontal ligament by root planing. notch was formed on the basal position. Following the root surface treatment, while the control group had the flap sutured without any treatment on surgically induced intrabony defect. Following the root surface treatment, the flap of intrabony defect was sutured with the ADM inserted while the control group sutured without any insertion. The histologic specimen was observed after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The control group was partially regenerated by periodontal ligament, new cementum and new alveolar bone. the level of regeneration is not reached on the previous formed notch. but, experimental group was fully regenerated by functionally oriented periodontal ligament fiber, new cementum and new alveolar bone. In conclusion, we think that ADM seems to be used by scaffold for periodontal ligament cells and the matrix is expected to use on guided tissue regeneration.
Acellular Dermis* ; Animals ; Bicuspid ; Body Weight ; Cell Proliferation ; Dental Cementum ; Dogs* ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Humans ; Infant ; Jaw ; Membranes ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Ligament ; Regeneration ; Root Planing

This study was conducted to examine lymphocyte subset counts and mood states in panic disorder patients. Twenty patients with panic disorder and 20 age- and gendermatched normal healthy subjects were recruited for the study. We used the Spielberger State (STAIS) & Trait (STAIT) Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAMA) to measure mood states in all subjects. Lymphocyte subsets counts were made by flow cytometry. Panic patients showed significantly higher scores for anxiety and depression than normal subjects. Panic patients showed no differences in terms of the numbers of immune cells, as compared with normal healthy subjects, other than a lower proportion of T suppressor cells and a higher T helper cell/T suppressor cell ratio. HAMA and STAIS scores were common factors that could predict T cell numbers and proportions, T helper cell numbers, and natural killer cell proportions in panic disorder patients. We suggest that anxiety levels are related to the T-cell population in panic disorder patients and that quantitative immune differences may reflect altered immunity in this disorder.
Adult ; *Affect ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Male ; Panic Disorder/*immunology/psychology ; Regression Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Enterobacteriaceae is a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of various species. Among these, members of the genus Cedecea has been reported as relatively rare causative pathogens of human infections. Commercially available automated identification systems that use biochemical reactions are known to accurately identify Enterobacteriaceae species. However, the accurate identification of some organisms with diverse biochemical profiles by these automated identification systems may be problematic. In this study, we report two cases of isolate misidentification, from patients with acute cholecystitis and deep vein thrombosis, as Cedecea davisae with VITEK II system. Both the isolates were correctly identified as Enterobacter hormaechei using gyrB gene sequence analysis. We also performed 16S rRNA sequence analyses and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses; however, indeterminate results were obtained from both the assays. Therefore, the sequence analysis of alternative genes, like gyrB, might be useful for accurate identification of species that belong to the family of Enterobacteriaceae.
Bacteria ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Enterobacter* ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Sequence Analysis ; Venous Thrombosis

PURPOSE: This study was to determine the relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP) level of acute perforated and nonperforated appendicitis. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 200 patients who was diagnosed to appendicitis in emergency medical center from January 2005 to August 2005. All patients were operated for suspected acute appendicitis and diagnosis was confirmed by histology after operation. The patients were divided two groups: group A with nonperforated appendicitis and group B with perforated appendicitis. We assessed and compared epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory data between two groups. For comparison of diagnostic value, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the logistic regression analysis were done. RESULTS: Of the 200 patients, 149 patients were group A, and 51 patients were group B. The mean CRP level in the group B was higher than in patients with group A (109.25+/-87.18 mg/L vs 20.39+/-39.34 mg/L, p<0.05). Also WBC counts was higher in the group B (15.43+/-5.58x1000/microliter vs 12.47+/-4.5x1000/microliter, p<0.05). Though the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CRP level was greater than WBC counts (0.853 vs 0.659), so CRP level was found to be significantly superior to WBC count in predicting perforated appendicitis. In logistic regression analysis, CRP level (odds ratio 1.024, 95% CI 1.016 to 1.035) was only independent predictor of perforated appendicitis. CONCLUSION: Increased CRP level in patients who were suspected appendicitis in emergency medical center was valuable in predicting perforated appendicitis. In such circumstances, we should consider the necessities of preoperative antibiotics, the surgical techniques and the early aggressive management for postoperative complications.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Appendicitis* ; C-Reactive Protein* ; Diagnosis* ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve

Mycobacterium is an uncommon cause of peritonitis in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD), and the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) peritonitis is even rarer since the majority of mycobacterial peritonitis cases are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, NTM peritonitis has been known to result in a high mortality rate with delayed diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we report a case of Mycobacterium abscessus peritonitis in a 52-year-old male under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
Delayed Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Peritonitis