With the availability of the method of analysis of serum protein using minute amounts of material, it was felt desirable to understand the protein metabolism and physiologic function in the body. The present study was undertaken to clarify the serum albumin, globulin and total protein at term to demonstrate the normal concentration and correlation between the 30 mother and newborn infant pairs. Serum albumin, globulin and total protein were determined by the Biuret method with pooled human serum. The A/G ration was calculated by formula of A/G. The following result were obstained. 1) In comparing the newborn infants of nonanemic mothers a albumin and total protein concentrations were higher and globlin concentrations decreased in the anemic mothers. 2) In comparing the nonanemic mothers and anemic mothers the mean albumin concentrations were nearly equal but globulin and total protein were slightly increased in the nonanemic mothers. 3) The mean serum albumin(of maternal and umbilical cord blood) was 3. 8+/-0. 35 gm/100 ml and 3. 8+/-0. 49 gm/100 ml respectively. 4) The mean serum globulin of mate. nal and umbilical cord blood was 2. 7+/-0. 41 gm/100 ml and 2. 32+/-0. 47 gm/100 ml respectively. The correlation of the globulin status between mot-hers and their newborn infants was not significant(r=0. 32). 5) The m-an serum total protein of maternal and umbilical cord blood was 6. 59+/-0. 59 gm/100 ml and 6. 02+/-0.57gm/100ml respectively.
Biuret ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Metabolism ; Mothers* ; Serum Albumin* ; Umbilical Cord

The purpose of this study was to explore the expression characteristics of SDF-1 receptor, CXCR4, in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of different passages derived from human umbilical cord (hucMSC). The hucMSC were isolated from Wharton's jelly tissue of human umbilical cord by tissue culture. The expressions of specific marker in hucMSC were detected by flow cytometry. The adipogenic and osteogenic induction of hucMSC were detected by alizarin bordeaux and Oil red O staining. The expressions of CXCR4 protein in hucMSC of 2nd-5th passages were detected by flow cytometry, and cxcr4 mRNA levels in hucMSC of 2nd-5th passages were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the expression of CD44, CD13, CD71 were positive while CD38, CD117, HLA-DR were negative. After induced by osteogenic and adipogenic inductors, the lipid droplets and calcium nodals appeared in hucMSC, hucMSC stained with oil red O and alizarin red were shown to be positive. The cxcr4 was found in hucMSC of 2nd-5th passages, and their expressions were (89.82 ± 0.62)%, (86.87 ± 1.32)%, (80.50 ± 4.46)%, (70.10 ± 0.68)% respectively. The cxcr4 mRNA was found in hucMSC of 2nd-5th passages, and expression of cxcr4 of 3rd-5th passages were 0.5585 ± 00875, 0.6205 ± 0.1377, 0.4634 ± 0.0447 times of expression of 2nd passage respectively. It is concluded that the cxcr4 mRNA expresses in hucMSC of 2nd-5th passages, and declines when the number of passages increases. Compared with 2nd passage, cxcr4 mRNA levels in hucMSC of 3rd-5th passages decline, but the expression level of cxcr4 mRNA between hucMSC of 3rd-5th passages is stable.
Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of hypoxia-supported umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) on the expansion of cord blood mononuclear cell （MNC） in vitro. METHODS: The isolated cord blood mononuclear cells were inoculated on the preestablished umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell layer and cultured under hypoxic conditions (3％ O₂) and the experimental groups were normoxia (MNCs were cultured under normoxic conditions), hypoxia (MNCs were cultured under hypoxic conditions), UC-MSC (MNCs were cultured with UC-MSC under normoxic conditions), and UC-MSC+hypoxia (MNCs were cultured with UC-MSC under hypoxic conditions). To further investigate the combinational effect of 3 factors of SCF+FL+TPO (SFT) on expansion of cord blood MNCs in vitro in hypoxia-supported UC-MSC culture system, the experiments were further divided into group A (MNCs were cultured with UC-MSC and SFT under normoxic conditions), group B (MNCs were cultured with UC-MSC under hypoxic conditions), group C (MNCs were cultured with UC-MSC and SFT under hypoxic conditions). The number of nucleated cells (TNC), CD34⁺ cell, CFU and CD34⁺CXCR4⁺, CD34⁺CD49d⁺, CD34⁺CD62L⁺ cells of each groups were detected at 0, 7, 10 and 14 days, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with group hypoxia and UC-MSC, group UC-MSC+hypoxia effectively promoted the expansion of TNC, CD34⁺ cell and CFU, and upregulated the expression level of adhesion molecule and CxCR4 of the cord blood CD34⁺ cell（P<0.05）. After culturing for 14 days, compared with group A and group B, group C effectively promoted the expansion of cord blood MNC at different time points（P<0.05）, and the effect of group A was better than that of group B at 7 and 10 days（P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Hypoxia-supported UC-MSC efficiently promoted the expansion and expression of adhesion molecule and CXCR4 of cord blood CD34⁺ cell, and the effect of expansion could be enhanced when SFT 3 factors were added.
Humans ; Cells, Cultured ; Fetal Blood ; Cell Proliferation ; Umbilical Cord/metabolism* ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Antigens, CD34/metabolism* ; Hypoxia/metabolism*

This study was purposed to investigate the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ on expression of adhesion molecules in mesenchymal stromal cells derived from human umbilical cord tissue (UC-MSC). The UC-MSC were isolated from human umbilical cord by tissue culture. The expressions of specific markers on UC-MSC were detected by flow cytometry in the physiological condition. The adipogenic and osteogenic induction of UC-MSC was detected by alizarin and Oil red O staining. UC-MSC were exposed to IFN-γ (100, 1 000, 10 000 U/ml) for 24 h, the expressions of CD54, CD58, CD44, CD49d, CD62p, CD62L, CD102 and CD106 on cell surface were detected using flow cytometry. The results showed that in physiological condition, UC-MSC extremely low expressed CD102, CD106, CD62P, CD62L, while the expression of CD54 was relatively high (41.58 ± 0.83)%. When stimulated by IFN-γ, the expression of CD102, CD106, CD62P, CD62L increased slightly, but still low (< 5%), while CD54 and CD58 upregulated concentration-dependently up to (59.66 ± 1.36)% and (43.96 ± 0.62)% respectively. The expression of CD49d upregulated to (51.33 ± 0.74)% when UC-MSC exposed to IFN-γ 100 U/ml. CD44 increased to (73.22 ± 1.93)% when UC-MSC exposed to IFN-γ 1 000 U/ml. It is concluded that IFN-γ can elevate significantly the expression of CD54, CD49d, CD44 and CD58, but has no significant effect on CD102, CD106, CD62P and CD62L expression on the surface of UC-MSC.
Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology

Aim of this study was to explore the effects of cryopreservation on biological characteristics of wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC), and to provide experimental evidence for clinical applications and the establishment of WJ-MSC bank. Primary WJ-MSC were produced by umbilical cord tissue culture in vitro. Fifth passage of WJ-MSC acquired by continuous cell culture were mixed with cryoprotectants, frozen in -80°C refrigerator and stored in liquid nitrogen. After the cryopreserved WJ-MSC were thawed, the first passage of WJ-MSC was obtained through cell culture and was taken as the 1st preserved passage (PP1). Thus, PP2-PP15 WJ-MSC were obtained by continuous cell subculture. The 1st control passage (CP1) to 15th passage (CP15) represented the 6th passage to 21st passage WJ-MSC acquired by subculturing in non-cryopreserved group. The biological characteristics of WJ-MSC from cryopreserved and control group, including the recovery rate of nucleated cells, trypan blue exclusion, CCK-8 activity, cell apoptosis, cell adherence, proliferation index, cell surface antigen, cell cycle and the capacities of induced differentiation into adipocyte, osteoblast and neuron, were detected and compared. The results indicated that the recovery rate of nucleated cells of cryopreserved WJ-MSC was 98.2%, trypan blue exclusion rate was 94.3%, CCK-8 activity was 91.4%, apoptotic rate was 3.9%, and the adherence rate was 92.6%. There was a statistically significant difference in proliferation index between PP1 and CP1 (P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between PP2-PP15 and their corresponding controls. The subculture cells highly expressed CD29, CD44, CD71, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166 and HLA-ABC, and lowly expressed CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. The expressions of above-mentioned surface antigens were not different statistically between two groups. The proliferation latency and logarithm proliferation of the subculture cells between two groups were also not different. After induced differentiation into adipocyte, osteoblast and neuron, the staining with oil red O, alkaline phosphatase and neuron-specific enolase was performed respectively, and the positive degrees were not clearly different macroscopically between two groups. Relatively high levels of triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase, and neuron-specific enolase in relevant cells could be detected, but had no significant differences between two groups. It is concluded that some WJ-MSC (< 10%) are damaged after cryopreservation, and the biological characteristics of WJ-MSC in cryopreservation group keep constant, as compared with that in non-cryopreservation group.
Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Sincalide ; metabolism ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology ; metabolism ; Wharton Jelly ; cytology

Impaired immunomodulatory capacity and oxidative stress are the key factors limiting the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation therapy. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of jujuboside A (JuA) on the protective effect and immunomodulatory capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). Hydrogen peroxide was used to establish an oxidative damage model of hUC-MSCs, while PBMCs isolated from rats were used to evaluate the effect of JuA pre-treatment on the immunomodulatory capacity of hUC-MSCs. Furthermore, Hoechst 33258 staining, lactate dehydrogenase test, measurement of malondialdehyde, Western blot, high-performance liquid chromatography; and flow cytometry were performed. Our results indicated that JuA (25 μmol·L^-1) promoted the proliferation of hUC-MSCs, but did not affect the differentiating capability of these cells. JuA pre-treatment inhibited apoptosis, prevented oxidative damage, and up-regulated the protein expression of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 in hUC-MSCs in which oxidative stress was induced with H₂O₂. In addition, JuA pre-treatment enhanced the inhibitory effect of hUC-MSCs against abnormally activated PBMCs, which was related to stimulation of the expression and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that JuA pre-treatment can enhance the survival and immunomodulatory ability through pathways related to oxidative stress, providing a new option for the improvement of hUC-MSCs in the clinical setting.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism* ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Saponins ; Umbilical Cord/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo analyze the differential proteomics in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induced by chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)) by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass-spectrometry.

METHODS2-DE was performed to separate proteins from treated and untreated human umbilical cord MSC with CoCl(2). 2-DE images were analyzed by ImageMaster 2D Platinum software 6.0. The differential expressed proteins was identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The differential proteins were classified based on their functions.

RESULTS2-DE reference patterns of CoCl(2) treated human umbilical cord MSC were established. A total of twenty-six differential proteins were identified, of them eleven proteins were up-regulated and fifteen down-regulated. Their biological functions involved in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism and modification, lipid metabolism, coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism, cell cycle, immunity and defense, cell structure and motility, signal transduction, protein targeting and localization, neuronal activities, muscle contraction, etc. Peroxiredoxin1 (Prdx) was down-regulated, whereas alpha-enolase (ENO1) and vesicle amine transport protein 1 homolog (VAT1) up-regulated.

CONCLUSIONThe effects of hypoxia on human umbilical cord MSC were participated by multiple proteins and involved in multiple functional pathways.

Cobalt ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proteome ; analysis ; Proteomics ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology ; drug effects

This study was purposed to investigate the impact of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) on the sensitivity of HL-60 cells to therapeutic drugs so as to provide more information for exploring the regulatory effect of hUC-MSC on leukemia cells. Transwell and direct co-culture systems of HL-60 and hUC-MSC were established. The apoptosis and cell cycle of HL-60 cells were detected by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of Caspase 3, respectively. The results showed that the apoptosis of HL-60 induced by cytarabine (Ara-C) decreased significantly after direct co-cultured with hUC-MSC cycle mRNA (P < 0.05). The similar phenomenon was observed in transwell co-culture system. Cell cycle of HL-60 cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase and did not enter into S phase (P < 0.05) and the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA and protein in HL-60 cells were reduced (P < 0.05). It is concluded that hUC-MSC protected HL-60 from Arc-C induced apoptosis through regulating the cell cycle and down-regulating expression of Caspase 3 in HL-60 cells. In addition, this effect is caused by the soluble factors from hUC-MSC.
Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Coculture Techniques ; Cytarabine ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology

Canine mesenchymal cells (MSCs) derived from Wharton's jelly were co-cultured, then supplemented or not supplemented with platelet rich plasma (PRP) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) to verify osteogenic differentiation. Osteoblastic differentiation followed by mineralized bone matrix production was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) when MSCs were associated with PRP/DBM in culture after 14-21-days of induction. Osteopontin and osteocalcin gene expression were significantly superior (p < 0.05) under the same culture conditions after 21 days of observation. In conclusion, addition of PRP to DBM co-cultured with MSCs successfully induced osteogenesis in vitro.
Animals ; Bone Demineralization Technique/veterinary ; Bone Matrix/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques/veterinary ; Dogs ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*metabolism ; *Osteogenesis ; Platelet-Rich Plasma/*metabolism ; Umbilical Cord/metabolism

Objective: To observe the effects of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, and to analyze the contents of exosomes and explore the mechanisms affecting pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: Exosomes extracted from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were added to pancreatic cancer cells BxPC3, Panc-1 and mouse models of pancreatic cancer, respectively. The proliferative activity and invasion abilities of BxPC3 and Panc-1 cells were measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays. The expressions of miRNAs in exosomes were detected by high-throughput sequencing. GO and KEGG were used to analyze the related functions and the main metabolic pathways of target genes with high expressions of miRNAs. Results: The results of CCK-8 cell proliferation assay showed that the absorbance of BxPC3 and Panc-1 cells in the hucMSCs-exo group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(4.68±0.09) vs. (3.68±0.01), P<0.05; (5.20±0.20) vs. (3.45±0.17), P<0.05]. Transwell test results showed that the number of invasion cells of BxPC3 and Panc-1 in hucMSCs-exo group was significantly higher than that in the control group (129.40±6.02) vs. (89.40±4.39), P<0.05; (134.40±7.02) vs. (97.00±6.08), P<0.05. In vivo experimental results showed that the tumor volume and weight in the exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs-exo) group were significantly greater than that in the control group [(884.57±59.70) mm(3) vs. (695.09±57.81) mm(3), P<0.05; (0.94±0.21) g vs. (0.60±0.13) g, P<0.05]. High-throughput sequencing results showed that miR-148a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-21-5p and miR-92a-3p were highly expressed. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the target genes of these miRNAs were mainly involved in the regulation of glucosaldehylation, and the main metabolic pathways were ascorbic acid and aldehyde acid metabolism, which were closely related to the development of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can promote the growth of pancreatic cancer cells and the mechanism is related to miRNAs that are highly expressed in exosomes.
Mice ; Animals ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Exosomes/genetics* ; Sincalide/metabolism* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics* ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Umbilical Cord