No abstract available.
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color*

Torsion of the gallbladder is a rare and acute abdominal condition. Even with the recent advances in radiologic imaging modalities, it is difficult to make a correct preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder torsion. We recently experienced a case of gallbladder torsion at the body portion in which an accurate preoperative diagnosis could be made on the gray scale and by using color Doppler ultrasonography. We report the imaging and operative findings with particular emphasis on the ultrasonographic "whirlpool sign".
Diagnosis ; Gallbladder* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

PURPOSE: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate whether the acoustic radiation force (ARF) is a potential source of twinkling artifacts in color Doppler images. METHODS: Color Doppler images were obtained using a clinical ultrasonic scanner (Voluson e, GE Healthcare) for a high contrast (+15 dB) circular scattering phantom at pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) ranging from 0.1 to 13 kHz. Ultrasound transmissions resulting in ARF were measured using a hydrophone at the various PRFs considered. The influence of ARF on the appearance of twinkling colors was examined via the common parameter PRF. This methodology is based on the fact that alternating positive and negative Doppler shifts induced by the ARF are centered at a PRF twice the maximum Doppler frequency on the color scale bar, whereas the twinkling color aliasing is expected to remain similar regardless of PRF. RESULTS: Color twinkling artifacts were observed to be most conspicuous at the lowest PRF of 0.1 kHz. The extent of twinkling rapidly decreased as the PRF increased, eventually disappearing when the PRF > or =0.6 kHz. The measured ultrasound transmissions, however, were found to be insensitive to the PRF, and therefore it can be inferred that the PRF was insensitive to the ARF. CONCLUSION: Based on our experimental observations, the ARF may not be a source of color Doppler twinkling artifacts.
Acoustics* ; Artifacts* ; Doppler Effect ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

No abstract available.
Pelvic Pain* ; Prostate* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color*

Background: Retained products of conception can be troublesome complications following miscarriages. Ultrasound has a significant impact in their diagnosis and with the advent of color doppler sonography can improve the assessment. Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of grayscale combined with color Doppler ultrasound findings and correlate with histopathology in predicting retained products of conception in a maternity hospital. Methods: This was a cross sectional prospective study of 109 patients who underwent transvaginal grayscale ultrasound with color Doppler to evaluate the presence of retained products of conception. Resistance index(RI) is measured in Pulsed doppler to assess the impedance of blood flow. The standard criterion was the histopathologic reports obtained during completion curettage. Results: Histopathologic results validated the presence of immature placental tissues in 93 (85%) patients and decidua in 16 (15%). Endometrial mass was greater with positive histopath results (p<0.05). Endometrial mass had a sensitivity of 83.9% in detecting retained products of conception. Thickened endometrium was detected in 71.4 % of women with positive histopath results, but only in 28.6% with negative histopath results. Color flow was confirmed in 85% with positive histopathology results. Conclusion The combination of an endometrial mass with vascular pattern had the highest positive predictive value in determining retained products of conception.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Decidua ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

Placenta accreta syndrome (PAS) is rare in first-trimester abortions with an unscarred uterus. It is this rarity that makes diagnosis and management difficult and challenging. This is a case report of a multigravid with an early incomplete abortion complicated by PAS (placenta increta) manifesting as an ill-defined hypervascular uterine cavity mass on transvaginal ultrasound, with decreasing trends of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. PAS was successfully diagnosed preoperatively, and an uneventful hysterectomy was performed. A curettage that could potentially lead to catastrophic hemorrhage was prevented. This case highlights the diagnostic dilemma in early trimester PAS, the importance of early accurate diagnosis, and a good correlation with ancillary diagnostics to provide prompt and appropriate management.
Pregnancy ; Placenta Accreta ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

PURPOSE: To evaluate the significance of color Doppler ultrasonography in patients of chronic prostatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed the pattern of color Doppler images and quantitative changes of vascular flow and flow velocity parameters(FVP) using a 7.0 MHz transrectal probe with findings of expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) from 22 patients with clinically suspected chronic prostatitis and 12 controls with clinically suspected prostatodynia retrospectively. RESULTS: Compared with 2 groups according to color Doppler flow grade, higher grades(grade 2 or 3) of flow increase were more frequently seen in prostatitis group(54.5%) than in control group(33.3%)(p <0.05). But no significant difference was found in flow velocity parameter(FVP: maximal flow velocity, minimal flow velocity, resistive index, and pulsatility index) between control and prostatitis group. Two months later follow up ultrasonography of 5 cases in the prostatitis group after treatment, all of 5 cases showed decrease the color Doppler flow compared with the initial color Doppler image grade. CONCLUSIONS: Grading of the amount of color flow with Doppler ultrasonography is of limited significance at efficacy decision after treatment in chronic prostatitis. But precaution should be taken to use color Doppler ultrasonography as objective diagnostic tool, although higher grades of flow increase were more frequently seen in prostatitis group than control group.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prostatitis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color*

Penile Doppler ultrasonography is a high-performing, noninvasive or minimally-invasive imaging modality that allows the depiction of the normal anatomy and macroscopic pathologic changes in real time. Moreover, functional changes in penile blood flow, as seen in erectile dysfunction (ED), can be analyzed using color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS). This review article describes the normal sonographic anatomy of the penis, the sonographic technique for evaluating ED, the normal phases of erection, and the various causes of ED. Additionally, we describe the interpretation of different parameters and findings on penile CDUS for the diagnosis and classification of ED, priapism, and Peyronie disease.
Classification ; Diagnosis ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Male ; Penile Induration ; Penis ; Priapism ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the carotids has recently emerged as a complementary examination to conventional carotid Doppler ultrasonography. It is an examination providing improved visualization of the vascular lumen, more accurate and detailed delineation of the vascular wall, and identification of atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography has specific advantages over conventional ultrasonography and plays an important role in the diagnosis of the vulnerable carotid plaque, as it can identify intraplaque neovascularization and carotid plaque ulceration. Given the specific advantages and improved imaging of the carotids provided by this method, radiologists should be familiar with it. This pictorial essay illustrates the advantages of this technique and discusses its value in the imaging of carotid arteries.
Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Stenosis ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Ulcer ; Ultrasonography* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of flow-diverter treatment through Doppler ultrasonography measurements in patient-specific models of intracranial bifurcation and side-wall aneurysms. METHODS: Computational and physical models of patient-specific bifurcation and sidewall aneurysms were constructed from computed tomography angiography with use of stereolithography, a three-dimensional printing technology. Flow dynamics parameters before and after flow-diverter treatment were measured with pulse-wave and color Doppler ultrasonography, and then compared with CFD simulations. RESULTS: CFD simulations showed drastic flow reduction after flow-diverter treatment in both aneurysms. The mean volume flow rate decreased by 90% and 85% for the bifurcation aneurysm and the side-wall aneurysm, respectively. Velocity contour plots from computer simulations before and after flow diversion closely resembled the patterns obtained by color Doppler ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: The CFD estimation of flow reduction in aneurysms treated with a flow-diverting stent was verified by Doppler ultrasonography in patient-specific phantom models of bifurcation and side-wall aneurysms. The combination of CFD and ultrasonography may constitute a feasible and reliable technique in studying the treatment of intracranial aneurysms with flow-diverting stents.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Computer Simulation ; Endovascular Procedures ; Hydrodynamics ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Stents ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color