OBJECTIVE: To introduce endonasal drainage procedures to frontal sinus in inflammatory sinus disease and its indications, methods and efficacy. METHOD: One hundred thirty two patients undergoing Draf I-III frontal sinus drainage procedures with 1-12 years follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. RESULT: Forty two patients underwent type I frontal sinusotomy, 43 type II sinusotomy and 47 type III sinusotomy. A successful result was seen in these groups, 83.4%, 83.7%, and 89.4% respectively. Best effect was gained by type III sinusotomy. There was no significant difference in efficacy between the different Draf frontal sinus drainage procedures (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Endonasal microscopic-endoscopic frontal drainage treatment of refractory, polypoid and recurrent frontal sinusitis can yield successful results.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Drainage ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Frontal Sinusitis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo characterize the cytogenetic alterations of esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB).

METHODSComparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed on genomic DNA extracted from 12 patients with primary ENB, 4 patients with tumor recurrence and 7 with metastasis. Equal amounts of biotin-labeled tumor DNA and digoxigenin-labeled normal reference DNA were hybridized to normal meta phase chromosomes. Tumor DNA was visualized by fluorescein (FITC) and normal DNA by rhodamin (TRITC ) and detected by fluorescence microscopy. The signal intensities of the different fluorochromes were quantitated as gray levels along the single chromosomes. The over-and under-represented DNA segments were determined by computation of FITC/TRITC ratio images and average ratio profiles.

RESULTSConsensus deletion regions were most frequently observed on chromosomes 1p, 2q, 3p/q, 4p/q, 5p/q, 6q, 8p/q, 9p, 10p/q, 11p, 12q, 13q, 18q, and 21q. DNA over-representations were identified on chromosomes 1p, 7q, 9q, 11q, 14q, 16p/q, 17p/q, 19p/q, 20p/q and 22p/q. The genetic pattern of ENB was distinct from that of other small round-cell tumor types and neuroblastomas. The deletion on chromosome band 1p21-p31 was associated with bad prognosis. In particular, all patients died whose tumors had combined 1p21-p31 deletion, with tumors in clinical stage C or D, and of low differentiation (grade III or IV). Clonality analysis revealed a high concordance between pairs of primaries and metastases.

CONCLUSIONCGH analysis identifies characteristic cytogenetic aberrations of esthesioneuroblastoma associated with its malignant phenotype.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; genetics ; secondary ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory ; genetics ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; Nose Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Prognosis