No abstract available.
Fingers*

No abstract available.
Rhinomanometry*

No abstract available.
Dupuytren Contracture*

Surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is undergoing constant evolution. The variable success of these procedures can be attributed to many factors including graft selection, graft placement, graft tensioning, graft remodelling and rehabilitation program. Rigid fixation is probably the most important factor in the success of these procedures during the initial stages of healing. Arthroscopically assisted reconstruction of the ACL-deficient knee using a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft(two-incision technique) is a reliable and evolving technique. Rosenberg et al, described a one-incision technique that allows endosteal fixation of bone plugs within their femoral tunnels intraarticularly via the intercondylar notch. These two techniques are different from their femoral tunnel direction and bone plug placement. The present study was designed to develop a swine model for in vitro biomechanical testing of the bone-patellar tendon-bone ACL autograft to compare the pull-out strength of Outside-In technique and Inside-Out technique. The result were as follows: 1. Normal ACL(N=10 knees) pull-out tensile strength tests showed a maximum tensile strength of 1295.34(N), a stiffness of 120.95(N/mm), and a linear load of 1104.26(N). The failure sites were all tibial attachments. 2. Femoral and Tibial interference fit pull-out tensile strength tests(N=10 knees) showed a maximum tensile strength of 463.23±42.27(N), a stiffness of 33.62±3.18(N/mm), and a linear load of 392.51±95.42(N). The failure sites were all in the tibial tunnel area(N=9 knees), except for one which femoral tunnel area. 3. Inside-Out technique(N=15 knees) showed a maximum tensile strength of 1250.64±75.67(N), a stiffness of 94.31±26.44(N/mm), and a linear load of 1046.92±367.55(N), but the Outside-In tech-nique(N=15 knees) showed a maximum tensile strength of 805.35±54.61(N), a stiffness of 83.33±10.98(N/mm), and a linear load of 685.99±86.32(N)(p < 0.0001). The failure sites were all in the femoral tunnel area. 4. Tensile testing demonstrated that the Inside-Out technique was significantlly stronger than Outside-In technique for maximum tensile strength, stiffness and a linear load.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Autografts ; In Vitro Techniques ; Knee ; Rehabilitation ; Swine ; Tensile Strength ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate abnormal findings of social brain network in Korean children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with typically developing children (TDC). METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed to examine brain activations during the processing of emotional faces (happy, fearful, and neutral) in 17 children with ASD, 24 TDC. RESULTS: When emotional face stimuli were given to children with ASD, various areas of the social brain relevant to social cognition showed reduced activation. Specifically, ASD children exhibited less activation in the right amygdala (AMY), right superior temporal sulcus (STS) and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) than TDC group when fearful faces were shown. Activation of left insular cortex and right IFG in response to happy faces was less in the ASD group. Similar findings were also found in left superior insular gyrus and right insula in case of neutral stimulation. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that children with ASD have different processing of social and emotional experience at the neural level. In other words, the deficit of social cognition in ASD could be explained by the deterioration of the capacity for visual analysis of emotional faces, the subsequent inner imitation through mirror neuron system (MNS), and the ability to transmit it to the limbic system and to process the transmitted emotion.
Amygdala ; Brain* ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Child* ; Cognition ; Humans ; Limbic System ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mirror Neurons

This study was conducted to Identify the effects of diazepam on stress-induced c-fos expression In rat brain. The rats were divided into 4 groups according to injection agents [0.9% isotonic saline 1ml, diazepam(5 mg/kg)] and restraint stress, respectively. Saline or diazepam was injected into the peritoneum of rats 10 minutes before the restraint groups were restrained in a wire chamber. Fos-immunoreactive neurons were calculated in the hippocampal area CA2, dentate gyrus, amygdalohippocampal area, paraventricular nucleus, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, supramammillary nucleus, temporal cortex area 3, occipital cortex area 2, piriform cortex, and cingulate cortex area 3. The results were as follows: 1) In the hippocampal formation including hippocampal area CA2 and dentate gyrus, Fos expression increased significantly in the saline-injected restraint animals than in any other groups. A two-way factorial ANOVA retreated a significant erects of stress and diazepam, and a significant stress by diazepam interaction. 2) In amygdalohippocampal area, Fos expression increased significantly in the saline-injected restraint animals than in diazepam-injected animals. A two-way factorial ANOVA revealed a significant effects of stress and diazepam, but no significant Interaction of stress and diazepam. 3) In paraventricular nucleus, Fos expression increased significantly in the saline-injected restraint animals than in saline-Injected animals and diazepam-injected animals. A two-way factorial ANOVA revealed a significant effects of stress, no significant effects of diazepam, and no significant Interaction of stress and diazepam. 4) In ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, Fos expression Increased significantly in the saline-injected restraint animals than in diazepam-Infected animals and diazepam-injected restraint animals. A two-way factorial ANOVA revealed a significant effects of diazepam, no significant effects of stress, and no significant interaction of stress and diazepam. 5) In supramammillary nucleus, temporal cortex area 3, occipital cortex area 2, piriform cortex, and cingulate cortex area 3, there was no significant difference of Fos expression in each group. A two-way factorial ANOVA revealed no significant effects of stress and diazepam, and no significant interaction of stress and diazepam. These results suggest that the hippocampal formation is involved in the response to the stress and the tension reduction effect of diazepam.
Animals ; Brain* ; Dentate Gyrus ; Diazepam* ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Hippocampus ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Peritoneum ; Rats*

The clozapine has been used to the treatment of schizophrenic patients unresponsive to conventional antipsychotics, but to administration of clozapine has been restricted because of its propensity to cause agranulocytosis. So side effects associated with the administration of clozapine have probably not been fully elucidated. The authors describe a case of a male schizophrenic who developed profuse diarrhea, spiking fever and thrombocytopenia associated with the administration of clozapine. Discontinuance of clozapine therapy resulted in improvement of diarrhea and fever followed by normalization of the platelet count. Previous report of adverse hematologic side effects and gastroenteric reaction induced by clozapine administration are also discussed. We suggest that the physician must keep in mind these side effects and administer dozapine cautiously.
Agranulocytosis ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Clozapine* ; Diarrhea* ; Fever ; Humans ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Thrombocytopenia*

PURPOSE: It is known that lactoferrin serves as a source of iron for H. pylori in gastric mucosa. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between lactoferrin and H. pylori infection coexistent with iron-deficiency anemia by determining the lactoferrin levels in gastric biopsy specimens, and by locating the major sites of lactoferrin expression, according to the presence or absence of iron-deficiency anemia. METHODS: Fifty-five adolescents that underwent gastroduodenoscopy were divided into three groups: NL (n=19) for normal controls, HP (n=15) for patients with H. pylori, and IDA (n=21) for patients with H. pylori gastritis and coexisting iron-deficiency anemia. Histopathologic features were graded from null to marked on the basis of the Updated Sydney System. The gastric mucosal levels of lactoferrin were measured by immunoassay. Immunohistochemical technique was used to allow identification of the location and quantification of the lactoferrin expression. RESULTS: Lactoferrin levels in the antrum increased significantly, in proportion to, H. pylori density, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, and chronic inflammation in the histologic specimens. Patients in the HP and IDA groups showed significantly increased mucosal levels of lactoferrin compared with that observed in the normal group (p=0.0001). The lactoferrin level in IDA group tended to be higher than that in the HP group (p=0.2614). The major sites of lactoferrin expression by immunohistochemistry were in glands and neutrophils within epithelium. Lactoferrin was stained weakly in NL, and strongly in HP and IDA. CONCLUSION: The lactoferrin sequestration in the gastric mucosa of IDA was remarkable, and this finding seems to give a clue that leads to the clarification of the mechanism by which H. pylori infection contributes to iron-deficiency anemia.
Adolescent ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; Biopsy ; Epithelium ; Gastric Mucosa* ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Iron* ; Lactoferrin* ; Neutrophils

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure Monitors* ; Blood Pressure* ; Fingers*

Flavimonas oryzihabitans is a yellow-pigmented, non-spore forming, gram-negative bacillus mainly found in damp environments such as soil and stagnant water. F. oryzihabitans is an uncommon cause of clinically significant human infection. This organism has been mainly reported to cause infection related to indwelling intravenous catheters, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheters or surgical procedures in immune compromised hosts or cancer patients. We report a case of community-acquired infective endocarditis caused by F. oryzihabitans in a 24-year-old man who had no significant past medical history. He was successfully treated by antimicrobial therapy and mitral valvuloplasty.
Bacillus ; Catheters ; Community-Acquired Infections ; Endocarditis* ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Pseudomonas* ; Soil ; Young Adult