Interleukin-8(IL-8) has been implicates in intraocular inflammation and shown to be a potent chemoattractant for neutrophil, we investigated if IL- 8 has a role in endotoxin induced uveitis(EIU). Mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibody to rabbit recombinant IL-8(gammagammaIL-8)(gammagammaIL-8 and anti IL-8, both generous gifts from Genetech) or mouse IgG2a were given by intravitreal injection to try to modify EIU in New Zealand White rabbits. Antibody to IL-8 tended to reduce aqueous humor cell counts, but the differences were not statistically significant. Anti-IL8 reduced cell counts by 34%(3.8+/-2.9x10(6) cells/ml anti IL-8 treatment vs. 5.4+/-5.5x10 cells/ml IgG2a control, p=0.26 by student t-test). The intravitreal injection of gammagammaIL-8 resulted in a small dose dependent number of infiterating cells in the aqueous and vitreous humor. Taken together, our results cannot exclude a role for IL-8 in acute onset EIU, but the contribution appears to be minor.
Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Aqueous Humor ; Cell Count ; Gift Giving ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-8* ; Intravitreal Injections ; Mice ; Neutrophils ; Rabbits ; Uveitis* ; Vitreous Body

A retrospective study was done on secondary intraocular lens implantation in 19 children(22 eyes)who were not satisfied with aphakic glasses and were not tolerant with contact lenses.In all cases,postoperative visual acuity improved or remained at the preoperative level.In 10 cases,postoperative visual acuity was better than 20/40. After at least 12 months of follow-up,average difference of refractive power between the two eyes in the same patient is 0.79 diopter. Early postoperative complications related to secondary intraocular lens implantation were vitreous hemorrhage(1 eye)and IOL decentration. Vitreous hemorrhage was resorbed in three weeks.In case of IOL decentration,we repositioned the IOL.Late complcations during the follow-up period included development of dense capsular opacification in four eyes.They are all treated by Nd:YAG capsulotomy. After capsulotomy there were some improvement in visual acuity. From these results,secondary intraocular lens implantation appears to be a safe, effective method for correction of aphakic children who are not satisfied with aphakic glasses and/or intolerant of use of contact lenses.
Aphakia* ; Child ; Contact Lenses ; Eyeglasses ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glass ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

In this study, the ontogeny of the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors on fetal rat retina was investigated by using in situ hybridization technique. The expression of the D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs showed different pattern of appearance, distribution and density. At gestational day(GD) 13.5, D1 receptor was first detected in neuroepithelium of the retina. Both D1 and D2 receptors were detected at GD 15.5 in the ventricular layer and ganglion cell layer of developing retina of the rat, and D1 receptor showed more strong density than that of D2 receptor. At GD 17.5, Both D1 and D2 receptors were detected in the ganglion cell layer, ventricular layer and pigment epithelium. The labelling density of D1 receptor was higher than that of D2 receptor. At GD 19.5, both D1 and D2 receptors were additionally detected in the optic nuclear layer and plexiform layer. These results imply that D1 and D2 receptor may mediate different important function of the retina.
Animals ; Dopamine* ; Epithelium ; Ganglion Cysts ; In Situ Hybridization ; Rats* ; Retina* ; RNA, Messenger*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of pseudophakic retinal detachment(RD) as RD is the most common sight-threatening complication after cataract surgery. METHODS: We analysed retrospectively the clinical characteristics of 22 pseudophakic RD patiens(23 eyes) which had been operated from January 1993 to December 1997 and followed for 6 months or longer at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was sixty-three and male predominated 19 eyes(82.6%). According as types of IOL implantation included 14 eyes with posterior chamber IOL, 7 eyes with sclera-fixated IOL, 2 eyes with anterior chamber IOL, and 16 eyes(70%) occurred the posterior casule rupture. The interval between IOL implantation and the development of RD was 9.6 months on average and 78% of eyes developed RD within 1 year. In eyes with sclera-fixated IOL, the interval was shorter than others, In cases with ruptured posterior capsule, RD occurred earlier than those with intact posterior capsule. Retinal breaks were principally located in the upper quadrants in 12 eyes(63%) and horseshoe tear was most commmonly encountered. RD involving 3 or more quadrants was observed in 12 eyes(51%) of patients, and macular detachment in 18 eyes(78%). Anatomic success achieved in 83%. The most common cause of the failure was the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Visual results in eyes with ultimate anatomic success of RD repair improved 0.5 or more in 80% if the macula was not involved and in 14.2% if the macula was involved. CONCLUSION: We thought that thorough fundus examination is neccessary during the follow-up of pseudophakic eye with posterior capsule rupture and sclera-fixated IOL after cataract surgery.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

Dislocations of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb are rather uncommon as a result of the inherent stability of the interphalangeal joint. Irreducible dislocations of these joint are rare. The authors report a case of irreducible dislocation of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb with interposed palmar plate, and reduced by open reduction.
Dislocations ; Joints ; Thumb ; Palmar Plate

A retrospective clinical study to evaluate the use of the argon and Nd: YAG laser in sequential combination for iridotomy was carried out on 29 eyes of 19 patients with angle closure glaucoma. The argon laser settings were standardized at 0.01-0.02 second duration and 50 micrometerspot size. The total mean energies for the argon and Nd: YAG stages were 2.7 +/-1.49J and 9.0 +/-5.83 mJ respectively. Mean postoperative decrease of intraocular pressure(IOP)was 26.4 +/-20.14 mmHg. Postoperative complications were bleeding at iridotomy site (3 eyes),transient increse in IOP (2 eyes),and posterior synechia (1 eye),but there was no lenticularopacity,and no closure of the iridotomy site. The laser iridotomy using sequential argon and Nd: YAG laser is an effective method in dark irides, lowering the mean total energy delivered per eye by the argon and YAG laser repectively, combining the advantages of both laser procedures while avoiding most of the disadvantages. We think that it is the more safe and effective method with the decreased mean total energy of argon laser at 0.01-0.02 second duration, 50 micrometerspot size followed by YAG laser.
Argon* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth, and interleukin-6 in bone regeneration. A demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth was prepared and human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human osteosarcoma cells were inoculated into the culture. The rate of cell adhesion, proliferation and mineralization were examined, and the appearance of cellular attachment was observed. An 8 mm critical size defect was created in the cranium of rabbits. Nine rabbits were divided into three groups including: An experimental group A (3 rabbits), in which a demineralised and particulate autogenous tooth was grafted; an experimental group B (3 rabbits), in which a demineralized, particulate autogenous tooth was grafted in addition to interleukin-6 (20 ng/mL); and a control group. The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks for histopathological examination with H-E and Masson's Trichrome, and immunohistochemistry with osteocalcin. The cell-based assay showed a higher rate of cell adhesion, mineralization and cellular attachment in the experimental group A compared with the control group. The animal study revealed an increased number of osteoclasts, newly formed and mature bones in the experimental group A compared with the control group. Eventually, a higher number of osteoclasts were observed in the experimental group B. However, the emergence of newly formed and mature bone was lower than in the experimental group A. The current results suggest that treatment with demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth and interleukin-6 is not effective in stimulating bone regeneration during the bone grafting procedure.
Animals ; Bone Regeneration* ; Bone Transplantation ; Cell Adhesion ; Dentin* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukin-6* ; Miners ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts ; Osteosarcoma ; Rabbits ; Skull ; Tooth ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether higher resilience level predicts low levels of psychological distress in chronic SCI patients living in the community. METHOD: Thirty seven patients (mean age 41.5+/-10.9, male : female=28 : 9) with chronic spinal cord injury (duration 8.35+/-7.0 years) living in the community are included, who were hospitalized for annual checkups from November, 2010 to May, 2011. First, their spinal cord injury level, completeness and complications were evaluated. The patients completed questionnaires about their educational status, religion, employment status, marital status, medical and psychological history and also the following questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C) and Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D). The patients were divided into two subgroups: patients with HADS > or =13 are classified as high psychological distress group and others as low psychological distress group. We compared the two groups to find statistically significant differences among the variables. RESULTS: CD-RISC, EQ-5D and employment status are significantly different between two groups (p<0.05). In a forward stepwise regression, we found that EQ-5D had a greater contribution than CD-RISC to the psychological distress level. CONCLUSION: In addition to health-related quality of life, resilience can be suggested as a possible predictor of psychological distress in chronic SCI patients.
Anxiety ; Dapsone ; Depression ; Educational Status ; Employment ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Atlantoaxial dislocation is common in patients with Down syndrome, and an increased incidence was first noted by Tishler and Martel in 1965. Laxity of the transverse atlantal ligament is thought to be responsible for atlantoaxial dislocation, and surgical stabilization has been recommended for pateints who have instability, with or without myelopathy. Various surgical techniques and hardwares have been developed for occipitcervical fusion with varying degrees of results. The authors presents a case of Down syndrome with cervical myelopathy treated by occipitocervical fusion with an anatomically contoured threaded Steinmann-pin, which was secured to the occiput via small burr holes and to the vertebrae by sublaminar wiring, and supplemental autograft. This technique has the advantage over bone grafting, in that it affords rigid stabilization, allows early mobilization and may contribute to eventual bony fusion.
Autografts ; Bone Transplantation ; Dislocations* ; Down Syndrome* ; Early Ambulation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ligaments ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine

BACKGREOUND: The aim of this study was to compare the respiratory mechanics between young and elderly during enflurane anesthesia using flow-interruption technique. METHODS: Fourteen patients were divided into 2 groups; for young aged group (Group Y)(24.9 4.9 years) and old aged group (Group O)(73.4 5.6 years). After anesthetic induction, endotracheal intubation was performed with Univent tube, and then tracheal pressure was measured at the distal end of the tube. 1.5 vol% of enflurane and 0.15 mg/kg of vecuronium were administered to maintain anesthesia. IMV (intermittent mandatory ventilation) was applied with Siemens Servo 900C ventilator and anesthetic gases were supplied via low pressure inlet of the ventilator. Tidal volume (10 ml/kg) was fixed during measurements for each patient. After stabilization of vital signs, respiratory parameters were measured before surgery. End-inspiratory occlusion was applied at least 3 seconds. Pressure, flow and volume were monitored and recorded with Bicore CP100 pulmonary monitor. The data were transfered to a PC and analyzed by a processing software. Total respiratory (Rrs), airway (Raw) and tissue (Rve) resistances, and dynamic (Cdyn) and static (Csta) compliances were calculated. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences for the Cdyn and Csta values between the two groups. But the values of Rrs, Raw and Rve were higher in the Group O than the Group Y. CONCLUSION: During enflurane anesthesia, the values of Rrs, Raw and Rve were higher in the Group O than the Group Y. To elucidate the exact causes of the above results, further studies are needed.
Aged* ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Bays ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Respiratory Mechanics* ; Tidal Volume ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Vital Signs