Objective:To explore the effects of gynecological traditional operation and laparoscopic surgery on iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT ) and vital pulmonary embolism (PE ) . Methods :The clinical data of in‐patients who underwent gynecological operations in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University from Jul 2003 to Jun 2014 were retrospectively analyzed .The effects of gynecological traditional operation and laparoscopic surgery on DVT and PE were compared .Results:Iliofemoral DVT with symptoms occurred in 19 patients ,of whom 11 patients(0 .32‰) were from the group of traditional operation and 8 patients(0 .12‰) were from the group of laparoscopic procedure .The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .There were 3 patients suffered from PE ,of whom 2 patients were in the group of traditional operation and 1 patient was in the group of laparoscopic procedure .One patient with PE died in group of traditional operation .Conclusions :The incidence of iliofemoral DVT gynecological patients who have undergone laparoscopic procedure is lower than that in the group of traditional operation .Vena cava filter may prevent fatal PE .