PURPOSE: Transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate is a definitive diagnostic procedure for prostate cancer. However, the sensitivity of a third biopsy is very low in patients with serum prostate-specific antigen(PSA) 4-10 ng/ml and negative repeat prostate biopsy. In addition, multiple prostate biopsies usually have low patient compliance due to the pain and complications associated with the procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) for the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and clinical suspicion but with negative repeat biopsy samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2006, 51 patients less than 80 years old underwent TURP at our institution for lower urinary tract symptoms with a serum PSA 4-10ng/ml and negative repeat transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate. We examined their first serum PSA, serum PSA before the TURP, PSA density, as well as their age, prostate size and digital rectal exam findings. The probability for the detection of prostate cancer by TURP was investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was detected in seven patients(13.7%). The total Gleason score for the biopsy specimens was 5 in two patients, 6 in one patient and 7 in four patients. There were significant differences between the prostate cancer group and the benign prostate hypertrophy group with regard to the PSA density and prostate volume. However there were no significant differences between the first serum PSA and the serum PSA before TURP in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In case with a high suspicion for prostate cancer, the TURP helps in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in those patients with a negative repeat biopsy and a serum PSA 4-10ng/ml and improvement of their lower urinary tract symptoms.
Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle* ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Needles* ; Neoplasm Grading ; Patient Compliance ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

Acute bacterial prostatitis is a sudden bacterial infection that is usually caused by bacteria that get into the prostate. The most common route is the ascending urinary tract from perineum and urethra. Because the prostate surrounds the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body from the bladder), conditions that cause the prostate to swell or enlarge may press on the urethra and cause pain in the pelvis and genital area or voiding problems such as increased urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. Bacteremia often results from acute prostatitis that usually presents with severe systemic illnesses such as fever, chills, arthralgia, and myalgia. The diagnosis of acute bacterial prostatitis can be made based on clinical signs and symptoms. The most common organism of acute bacterial prostatitis is Escherichia coli. The mainstay of therapy in acute bacterial prostatitis is empiric antimicrobial therapy directed toward the most likely pathogens. In this article we review the acute bacterial prostatitis and recent surveillance of acute bacterial prostatitis in Korea.
Arthralgia ; Bacteremia ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections ; Chills ; Diagnosis ; Escherichia coli ; Fever ; Korea ; Myalgia ; Nocturia ; Pelvis ; Perineum ; Prostate ; Prostatitis* ; Urethra ; Urinary Tract

PURPOSE: Percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy is widely used as a treatment for simple symptomatic renal cysts because percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy is minimally invasive and cost-effective. Sclerotherapy is usually performed in combination with aspiration due to the high recurrence rate, 30-70%, for the simple aspiration. We conducted an analysis of percutaneous aspiration with repeated sclerotherapy, and we report the results of sclerotherapy after percutaneous aspiration of simple renal cysts and we also review the results of the other previous studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2001 and April 2004, the results of percutaneous aspiration with repeated sclerotherapy in 39 cases of simple renal cysts were evaluated. We evaluated the operation time, the hospital stay, the success rate, the complication rate and the follow-up period. All patients were available for follow-up over a period of 3 months by conducting ultrasound exams and computed tomography (CT) scans. RESULTS: Complete collapse, partial collapse and recurrence of the renal cysts occurred in 24/39 (61.5%), 13/39 (33.3%), and 2/39 (5.1%) cases, respectively. The mean operative time was 50.3 minutes and the mean hospital stay was 4.5 days. The cost of two sessions of sclerotherapy was about 240,000 won and that of three sessions of sclerotherapy was about 300,000 won. The size of the cyst was not related to the rate of collapse. Any complication related to percutaneous aspiration with repeated sclerotherapy were not noted. CONCLUSIONS: With regard for the success rate and cost-effectiveness, percutaneous aspiration with repeated sclerotherapy is considered a primary treatment for simple symptomatic renal cysts.
Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Recurrence ; Sclerotherapy* ; Ultrasonography

Congenital bladder diverticula, unassociated with an obstruction or a neuropathic bladder, are unusual, occurring almost exclusively in boys. Most congenital bladder diverticula are silent, usually developing from a primary defect due to localized weakness in the detrusor. We report a case of congenital bladder diverticulum in a 5-year-old boy with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection.
Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Diverticulum* ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to define the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections and the status of sexual risk behavior among university students (18-25 years old) in the Capital region of Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire related to sexuality. First-void urine was analyzed for chlamydial and gonococcal infection by strand displacement amplification (BDProbTec(TM) ET, BD Diagnostic Systems, MD USA). RESULTS: A total of 622 students from 15 colleges within 3 universities took part in the study. Their median age was 21, with 39.1% reporting having sexual intercourse at least once. The prevalence of C. trachomatis among sexually active men and women was 8.4% and 10.6%, respectively. Gonococcal infection was noted in one symptomatic male. Factors significantly associated with infection were number of sexual partners in past year and during a lifetime and condom use. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first community-based sexually transmitted infections (STI) screening in South Korea. Urine-based STI screening was both feasible and acceptable in university students in South Korea, and should be considered a routine part of national programs to control STI.
Chlamydia trachomatis ; Coitus ; Condoms ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Behavior* ; Sexual Partners ; Sexuality

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its receptor are presumed to play important roles in the developing nervous system. However, little is known about their potential role(s) in the developing kidney. To investigate this, we have studied the expression of IL-6 and its receptor (IL-6R) in the developing rat kidney. Kidneys from 16- (F16), 18- and 20-day-old (F20) fetuses, 1- (P1), 3- (P3), 7- (P7) and 14-day-old (P14) pups, and adult rats were extracted. Renal expressions of IL-6 and its receptors were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively. Il-6 protein already appeared in F16. The early stage of renal development before birth, IL-6 showed strong immunoreactivity in the ureteric bud, metanephric mesenchymal cells (MMC) and developing glomerulus. The expression pattern of IL-6 in nephrogenic zone are very similar even after birth. In matured nephron after birth, IL-6 immunoreactivities were detected in distal tubules strongly, and collecting ducts moderately and thick ascending limb weekly. IL-6R hybridization signals have also already appeared in 16-day old fetal kidney. Before birth, IL-6R mRNAs were expressed in ureteric bud, MMC and developing glomerulus. In the matured nephron after birth, IL-6R mRNA was expressed in the thick ascending limb, distal tubules, collecting ducts and S3 segment of proximal tubule. These results suggest that IL-6 and its receptor may be involved in regulation of nephron formation in nephrogenic zone of rat, and play a role in distal nephron including collecting duct after birth.
Adult ; Animals ; Extremities ; Fetus ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Interleukin-6* ; Kidney* ; Nephrons ; Nervous System ; Parturition ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Ureter

A vasectomy is a safe and effective method of sterilization for men, with a low complication rate. Typical complications of a vasectomy include: wound infection, scrotal hematoma, epididymitis and sperm granuloma. However, vaso-cutaneous fistulae after a vasectomy are extremely rare. Herein is reported a case of a vaso-cutaneous fistula after a vasectomy for the sterilization of a 35-year-old man.
Adult ; Cutaneous Fistula ; Epididymitis ; Fistula* ; Granuloma ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatozoa ; Sterilization ; Vasectomy* ; Wound Infection

A vasectomy is a safe and effective method of sterilization for men, with a low complication rate. Typical complications of a vasectomy include: wound infection, scrotal hematoma, epididymitis and sperm granuloma. However, vaso-cutaneous fistulae after a vasectomy are extremely rare. Herein is reported a case of a vaso-cutaneous fistula after a vasectomy for the sterilization of a 35-year-old man.
Adult ; Cutaneous Fistula ; Epididymitis ; Fistula* ; Granuloma ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatozoa ; Sterilization ; Vasectomy* ; Wound Infection

BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance among uropathogens has been observed in Korea. Since empirical antimicrobial therapy should be guided by the proportion of pathogens resistant to the chosen antibiotic, the limitation of fluoroquinolones as the first empirical choice for acute cystitis is noticed in the clinical setting. The present study was undertaken to determine the susceptibility profiles of urinary isolates to cefcapene pivoxil and assess the clinical efficacy in patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a prospective, open label, non-comparative, non-blinded trial. Ninety-two patients with acute, uncomplicated symptomatic cystitis from two hospitals were treated with cefcapene pivoxil 100 mg tid for 5 days and followed up for 2 weeks. RESULTS: Seventy-seven of the 92 patients were evaluated. Bacteriological eradication of initial pathogens was achieved in 97.4% by 2 weeks after therapy termination. Seventy-four of 77 (96.1%) patients were symptomatically cured or improved after completion of therapy. Drug related adverse experiences were seen in 8 patients. None necessitated cessation of therapy. No significant biochemical or hematological abnormalities occurred. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of empirical 5-day cefcapene pivoxil for acute uncomplicated cystitis.
Cystitis ; Fluoroquinolones ; Humans ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and to estimate the complication rate of incontinence surgery according to the surgeon's specialty and whether a preoperative urodynamic study (UDS) was performed, using a nationally representative dataset. METHODS: We enrolled 356,155 women over 20 years old who had undergone surgery for stress urinary incontinence between 2006 and 2015. Patients were followed for up to 3 years to analyze the reoperation and complication rates. Data were obtained from the National Health Claims Database of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) of Korea. Multiple Cox regression analysis was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of incontinence surgery according to the surgeon’s specialty and whether a preoperative UDS was performed. RESULTS: The hazard ratio (HR) for reoperation was significantly higher for procedures performed by nonurologists than for procedures performed by urologists (HR, 1.174; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.103–1.249). Acute urinary retention, postoperative infections, procedure-associated pain, and other complications were also more common in procedures performed by nonurologists than in those performed by urologists. When stratified by whether a preoperative UDS was performed, the HR for reoperation according to the surgeon’s specialty varied by performance of a preoperative UDS. While the reoperation rate was significantly higher in procedures performed by non-urologists when a preoperative UDS was performed (HR, 1.208; 95% CI, 1.122–1.3), there was no significant difference in the HRs for reoperation according to specialty when a preoperative UDS was not performed. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study showed that the postoperative outcomes of incontinence surgery were dependent upon the surgeon’s specialty and that the reoperation rate according to the surgeon’s specialty varied based on whether a preoperative UDS was performed.
Dataset ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Reoperation ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Retention ; Urodynamics*