No abstract available.
Animals ; Iproniazid* ; Monoamine Oxidase* ; Rats* ; Tyramine*

Ten phenylpropanoid amides were isolated from the whole plants of Corydalis edulis Maxim. by various of column chromatographies including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties, MS, NMR, and IR spectroscopic data. These compounds were identified as N-trans-sinapoyl-3-methoxytyramine-4'-O-β-glucoside(1), N-trans-sinapoyl-3-methoxytyramine(2), N-trans-sinapoyltyramine(3), N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine(4), N-trans-sinapoyl-7-hydroxytyramine(5), N-cis-feruloyltyramine(6), N-cis-p-coumaroyltyramine(7), N-trans-feruloyltyramine(8), N-trans-feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine(9), and N-trans-feruloyl-7-hydroxytyramine(10). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2-7 are obtained from the plants of Papaveraceae for the first time, while compounds 8-10 are firstly isolated from C. edulis.
Amides ; analysis ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Tyramine ; analysis

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between serum total testosterone levels and scores on the Aging Male's Symptom (AMS) scale and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in men with erectile dysfunction with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2005 to July 2008, 134 patients who complained of sexual dysfunction such as erectile dysfunction or decreased libido as the main symptoms of TDS with serum total testosterone levels less than 3.5 ng/ml were evaluated by independent t-test and linear regression analysis, respectively. Patients with treated hypogonadism within 6 months, with a history of taking a PDE5 inhibitor or an antidepressant for a depressive disorder, or who had metabolic syndrome were excluded from this study. RESULTS: The AMS scale and its 3 subdomain scores were not significantly correlated with the total testosterone level. By contrast, the total IIEF score and the score of each IIEF domain except sexual desire showed a weakly significantly positive correlation with serum total testosterone. CONCLUSIONS: In TDS patients with erectile dysfunction, there was a low relationship between serum total testosterone levels and the AMS scale and a weakly positive correlation between total testosterone levels and all IIEF domains except sexual desire. There was a low relationship between the AMS scale, the sexual desire domain score of the IIEF, and total testosterone. We should understand these limitations when evaluating patients with erectile dysfunction with TDS. New scales should be developed for the evaluation of erectile dysfunction in these patients.
Aging ; Depressive Disorder ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Libido ; Linear Models ; Male ; Sorbitol ; Testosterone ; Tyramine ; Weights and Measures

Since the elderly population has been increasing recently in our country, old male patients with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) with a significantly decreasing quality of life are becoming increasingly common. TDS in males is defined as a biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age and characterized by clinical manifestation and a deficiency in the serum testosterone level. These patients should be treated with extrinsic testosterone to improve quality of life. TDS in males should be diagnosed in the case of clinical manifestation with serum total testosterone <8 nmol/L (230 ng/dL) or calculated free testosterone <225 pmol/L (65 pg/mL) but not diagnosed in the case of serum total testosterone >12 nmol/L (350 ng/dL). Products for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) are administrated orally, transdermally, and through injectable preparations. Daily testosterone undecanoate is widely used for oral administration with good results and no hepatotoxicity. Short-acting intramuscular preparations are very effective but show wide swings in the resulting supra-physiological level of serum testosterone. Long-acting intramuscular preparations is also very effective and lasting for 3 months with normal physiologic levels. Many products for TRT on the market are effective and generally safe. However, those have a few significant adverse events each other. The ideal product should have notable effectsand few side effects, (such as selective androgen receptor modulators), be easy to administrate, maintain physiologic serum concentration, and be inexpensive. TDS in males can easily be correct by TRT. However, the advantages and disadvantages of the individual products and follow-up management of complicated adverse events should be understood before starting and maintaining TRT.
Administration, Oral ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Receptors, Androgen ; Sorbitol ; Testosterone ; Tyramine

The effect of Pheniramine(Avil), a histaminergic-1 receptor blocking agent presently employed in treating various allergic diseases on pressor actions of norepinephring(NE) and tyramine (TR) was studied in the rabbit. Pheniramine, when given into a femoral vein with a dose(3mg/kg) enough to block H1-receptor, potentiated markedly the pressor responses of NE and TR. The pressor action of NE augmented by pheniramine was not affected by additional adminstration of debrisoquin (Drenergic neuron blocker) or phenelzine(monoamine oxidase inhibitor) or desipramine(U1-uptake blocker), or while potentiated by additional treatment with chlorisondamine(ganglionic blocker)or reserpine(catecholamine depleter). The hypertensive response of NE to phenelzine or desipramine was reinforced significantly by addition of pheniramine, but the response of NE in rabbits treated with reserpine or chlorisondamine or debrisoquin was not influenced by pheniramine-addition. Elevation of blood pressure to TR potentiated by pheniramine was attenuated significantly by reserpine treatment with chlorisondamine made the significant augmentation of pressor action to TR after pheniramine. Tyramine-induced response of blood pressure after pheniramine, but the response of blood pressure to TR caused by phenelzine or desipramine was enhanced markedly by pheniramine-treatment. From the above experimental results, it is thought that the pressor effect of NE and TR potentiated by pheniramine is similar to that of debrisoquin, i.e. the sensitization of effector cell, and that central action of pheniramine can not ruled out.
Blood Pressure ; Chlorisondamine ; Debrisoquin ; Desipramine ; Femoral Vein ; Neurons ; Norepinephrine* ; Oxidoreductases ; Phenelzine ; Pheniramine ; Rabbits ; Reserpine ; Tyramine*

PURPOSE: Recently, a number of patients needed total thyroidectomy and high dose radioiodine therapy (HD-RAI) get increased more. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether pathological staging (PS) and serum thyroglobulin (sTG) level could replace the diagnostic I-123 scan for the determination of therapeutic dose of HD-RAI in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Materials and METHODS: Fifty eight patients (M:F=13;45, age 44.5+/-11.5 yrs) who underwent total thyroidectomy and central or regional lymph node dissection due to differentiated thyroid cancer were enrolled. Diagnostic scan of I-123 and sTG assay were also performed on off state of thyroid hormone. The therapeutic doses of I-131 (TD) were determined by the extent of uptakes on diagnostic I-123 scan as a gold standard. PS was graded by the criteria recommended in 6th edition of AJCC cancer staging manual except consideration of age. For comparison of the determination of therapeutic doses, PS and sTG were compared with the results of I-123 scan. RESULTS: All patients were underwent HD-RAI. Among them, five patients (8.6%) were treated with 100 mCi of I-131, fourty three (74.1%) with 150 mCi, six (10.3%) with 180 mCi, three (5.2%) with 200 mCi, and one (1.7%) with 250 mCi, respectively. On the assessment of PS, average TDs were 154+/-25 mCi in stage I (n=9), 175+/-50 mCi in stage II (n=4), 149+/-21 mCi in stage III (n=38), and 161+/-20 mCi in stage IV (n=7). The statistical significance was not shown between PS and TD (p=0.169). Among fifty two patients who had available sTG, 25 patients (48.1%) having below 2 ng/mL of sTG were treated with 149+/-26 mCi of I-131, 9 patients (17.3%) having 2< or =sTG <5 ng/mL with 156+/-17 mCi, 5 patients (9.6%) having 5< or =sTG<10 ng/mL with 156+/-13 mCi, 7 patients (13.5%) having 10< or =sTG<50 ng/mL with 147+/-24 mCi, and 6 patients (11.5%) having above 50 ng/mL with 175+/-42 mCi. The statistical significance between sTG level and TD (p=0.252) was not shown. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, PS and sTG could not replace the determination of TD using I-123 scan for first HD-RAI in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.
Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Neoplasm Staging ; Sorbitol ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy ; Tyramine ; Whole Body Imaging

OBJECTIVE: To determine the 9 month period effect of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection into the salivary gland in children with neurologic disorders and sialorrhea by qualified parent/caregiver-administered questionnaires. METHOD: A total of 17 patients (age 7.6+/-4.24 years) were enrolled in this study. The degree of sialorrhea was assessed at the baseline, 2 weeks, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 9 months after injection. The Drooling Count (DC) was assessed as an objective measurement. The Drooling Frequency and Severity Scale (DFS) and the Teacher Drooling Scale (TDS) were evaluated as a subjective measurement. BoNT-A (0.5 unit/kg) was injected into each submandibular and parotid gland under ultrasonography-guidance. RESULTS: DC, DFS and TDS showed significant improvement at 2 weeks, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 months follow-up (p<0.05). Twelve of 17 cases (70.5%) showed more than 50% reduction in DC from the baseline value. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography-guided BoNT-A injection into the submandibular and parotid gland was a safe and effective method to treat sialorrhea in children with neurologic disorders.
Botulinum Toxins ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands ; Sialorrhea ; Sorbitol ; Tyramine

OBJECTIVETo establish a quantitative method for determination of synephrine and N-methyltyramine in Citri Reticulatae.

METHODSamples were extracted with 30% methanol. ODS column was used with methanol-water-sodium dodecyl sulfate (55:45:0.1) as mobile phase. Detection wavelength was 285 nm.

RESULTSynephrine and N-methyltyramine in sample solution were well separated. Linearity of synephrine was good (r = 0.9999) in range of 0.35-11.24 microg. The average recovery was 97.1%, and RSD of repeatability was 1.9%.

CONCLUSIONThis method can be used for quality control of Citri Reticulatae.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Seasons ; Synephrine ; analysis ; Tyramine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis

PURPOSE: Oral testosterone undecanoate and transdermal testosterone gel are the testosterone formulas widely prescribed as hormonal replacement for tesosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) in male patients. We evaluated the changes in serum testosterone level and the effects of these medicines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 162 patients who were diagnosed with TDS based on serum testosterone (<2.55 ng/ml) and prescribed testosterone formula were analyzed retrospectively. In the 111 patients of group I, tablets of oral testosterone undecanoate were initially given. If the follow up serum testosterone level had not increased enough, the dosages were increased up to 6 tablets. In the 51 patients of group II, one pack of transdermal testosterone gel (5 gm) daily without dosage adjustment was prescribed. Statistical analysis was done to identify any correlations among age, initial and final aging male's symptoms scale (AMS) score, initial, peak and final testosterone level, and duration of therapy. RESULTS: The mean ages of group I and II were 53.4+/-14.5 and 55.2+/-11.9, respectively (p>0.05). The initial and final testosterone levels of the two groups were not significantly different. However, the peak level during treatment was significantly higher in group II (p<0.05). The maximal increment of testosterone level was also significantly higher in group II. Initially, group II reached its peak testosterone level earlier than group I. The final serum levels were not significantly different after adjustment of dosages in group I. Testosterone replacement significantly decreased the AMS scales in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both oral testosterone undecanoate and transdermal testosterone gel improved the serum testosterone level and symptom score for those with TDS. Transdermal testosterone gel may reach the peak serum testosterone level faster than oral testosterone undecanoate. Large prospective studies are required to assess the precise role of testosterone replacement therapy.
Aging ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Sorbitol ; Tablets ; Testosterone ; Tyramine ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: Long-acting injectable testosterone undecanoate (TU, Nebido(R)), a new parenteral testosterone preparation, has recently been introduced to avoid frequent injections of the conventional injectable esters. We performed this study to assess the efficacy and safety of long-acting injectable TU in patients who suffer with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective, non-controlled single arm trial, a total of 33 patients (a mean age of 55.8+/-6.4 yrs) with TDS, as defined by serum testosterone levels of less than 3.5 ng/mL, were injected with 1000 mg of TU (4mL/ampule) on day 1, followed by another injection 6 weeks later with follow-up injections 3 months thereafter for a total of 54 weeks. Before and 18 and 54 weeks after the TU injections, the changes of the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale, the serum total testosterone, the lipid profiles, the CBC, the PSA level, the prostate volume by TRUS and the body mass index (BMI) were compared by Students' paired t-tests. Any adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Compared to the pretreatment results, the serum total testosterone level was significantly increased at 18 and 54 weeks (P<0.01), but there was no difference for the serum total testosterone level between weeks 18 and 54, that is, they were stable. The BMI was not significantly decreased at 54 weeks compared to pretreatment. Injectable TU also significantly improved the AMS scores, and especially in the sexual domain (P<0.01). The other data, except the hematocrit, was not significantly changed (P<0.05). Injectable TU did not show a harmful effect on the prostate during the 54 weeks. No patient reported any adverse side effects or events. CONCLUSIONS: Injectable TU effectively elevated the serum total testosterone levels and it maintained stable concentrations during the treatment period. Injectable TU significantly improved the total AMS score, but there were no reported significant changes in the body habitus and lipid profiles. Further large, well-controlled, long-term studies should be done to assess the effect of injectable TU on TDS patients.
Aging ; Arm ; Body Mass Index ; Esters ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Sorbitol ; Testosterone ; Tyramine