The Acute effects of Nd-YAG 1.06 laser on the normal brain were studied in experimental animals, with the different powers of 60W, 70W and 80W applied for 7 seconds. The lesion was examined after Nd-YAG 1.06 laser exposure 30 minutes. The diameter of the lesion was consistenty greater than the depth. Beside of the vaporized zone, there is the region, which diffuse regularly in the surrounding normal cerebral tissue. These findings indicated that by using short, intermitent pulses of the power of 60W, 70W and 80W, damage surrounding tissue can be controlled and the Nd-YAG 1.06 laser can be used safely as an adjunctive measure for vaporization with the effects of homeostasis in many neurosurgical procedures. It is necessary to study the chronic lesion of Nd-YAG 1.06 laser on normal brain before the application of this device in neurosurgery.
Brain ; health ; adverse effects ; Lasers

Background: Cranial trauma is a major cause of death among types of trauma. So far, although pediatric cranial trauma can leave more severe consequences, it has not still been adequate attended.\r\n', u'Objectives: To study clinical characteristics and cranial trauma treatment of under 16 years old children in Binh Dinh General Hospital. Subjects and method: A retrospective study was conducted on 256 under 16 year old patients with cranial trauma (180 males, 76 female) in Binh Dinh General Hospital from January, 2005 to September, 2005. Results:Cranial trauma in children was common seen in male/female ratio as 70.31/29.69. Common aged between 3-16 years old (89%). Main cause of it was traffic accident (64.5%). 100% of patients admitted to hospital with a Glasgow score 11 points. In those aged 3-16 years old, 14.03% of them with score of Glasgow coma scale \ufffd?2 points. Cranial CT scans: 78 patients, Cranial X-rays: 122 patients. Surgical rate 10.6%. Mean surgical days was 5.12\xb13.80 days. Complication rate was 33.2%. Non-operative mortality was 1.56%. Conclusion: Cranial trauma was common seen in those aged 3-16 years old, in male more than female. According to Glasgow outcome scale, good recovery rate achieved 65.23%. \r\n', u'
Craniocerebral Trauma/ diagnosis ; surgery ; therapy ; Child ; Child ; Preschool ;

We previously demonstrated that repeated exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) increases locomotor activity via stimulation of dopaminergic D1 receptor (J. Pharmacol. Sci., 2007;105:367-371). Since it has been demonstrated that activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors, especially 35-kDa fos-related antigen (FRA), play a key role in the neuronal and behavioral adaptation in response to various stimuli, we examined whether repeated ELF-MF exposure induces FRA-immunoreactivity (FRA-IR) in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (striatal complex) of the mice. Repeated exposure to ELF-MF (0.3 or 2.4 mT, 1 h/day, for consecutive fourteen days) significantly induced hyperlocomotor activity and FRA-IR in the striatal complex in a field intensity-dependent manner. ELF-MF-induced FRA-IR lasted for at least 1 year, while locomotor activity returned near control level 3 months after the final exposure to ELF-MF. Pretreatment with SCH23390, a dopaminergic D1 receptor antagonist, but not with sulpiride, a dopaminergic D2 receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated hyperlocomotor activity and FRA-IR induced by ELF-MF. Our results suggest that repeated exposure to ELF-MF leads to prolonged locomotor stimulation and long-term expression of FRA in the striatal complex of the mice via stimulation of dopaminergic D1 receptor.
Animals ; Benzazepines ; Magnetic Fields ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Mice ; Motor Activity ; Neurons ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Sulpiride ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; Transcription Factors