The Mongolian plants considered to possess medicinal properties may contain novel compounds since they are exposed to severe conditions; such plants could become good candidates for modern drug discovery programs. Daurian Thermopsis (Thermopsis lanceolata R.Br.= Th.dahurica Czefr.), Gobian Thyme (Thymus gobicus Tschern.) and Mogilev Mallow (Malva mohileviensis Downer) are separately used as mucolytic and anti-inflammatory treatment in non-conventional medicine. Therefore, weprepared extract of these herbals compound called as a Tetima and to evaluate it’s acute toxicity. It isimportant to produce mucolytic effective new pharmaceutical preparation used for upper and lowerrespiratory tract inflammatory disease.Tetima herbal compound extract was prepared in ethanol, the ratio of herbals to ethanol was 1:10. Healthy 25 white albino mice (male weighing between 17-30 gram) used in this study. They were kept in large airy cages in groups of 5 animals per cage with free access to food and water. Five doses (8-20 g/kg) were then chosen for the determination of intraperitoneal LD50 in mice and given to five groups of albino mice. The animals were observed for first 2 hours and then at 6th and 24th hour for any toxicsymptoms. After 24 hours, the number of deceased mice was counted in each group. The percentage of animals that died at each dose level was transformed and then LD50 determined by the methods of Karber and Pershin.G.N.The LD50 of Tetima herbal compound in mice was determined to be 14.3 g/kg after intraperitonealinjection. There was no difference occurred between Karber and Pershin methods to evaluate acute toxicity. In the animals receiving intraperitoneal injection, the abdominal muscle contractions and ataxia was observed, which persisted for few hours. At the 6th hour they were drowsy and less responsive. The severity of these effects was related to the level of dose. However, at 24th hour most of the survivors had recovered from these symptoms.Tetima herbal compound extract is a relatively safe, particularly when given intraperitoneal inject toexperimental animals.

Introduction: The theory that usingmobile bearing (MB) design for total kneereplacementsurgeries can reduce the riskof tibial component loosening compared tofixed-bearing (FB) designs is still unclear.Arthroplastic surgeries developed rapidlywithin recent 10 years, but there is no similarstudy performed yet. This randomized studyinvestigated the impact of prosthesis design toloosening of components at 2 years for totalknee replacement surgeries.Materials and Methods: 479 patientswho underwent total knee arthroplastyin FirstCentral Hospital of Mongolia were allocated toeither FB or MB tibialarticulation.We comparedour results to similar studies which performedabroad due to there is no such a studyperformed before in Mongolia.Results: There is no significant differenceby age, sex, weight, height, body mass index,operation side (right or left) in both groups.Pre- and postoperative range of motionwasalmostsame for MB and FB groups.Butloosening complication was higher for the FBgroup (1.16%) than MB group (0%).Conclusion: Using MB design for total kneearthroplasty has less loosening complicationthan using FB design in Mongolians. Bonemineral density (dual energy absorptiometry)and radiostereometric analysis are necessaryfor widening studies in field of total kneereplacement surgeries in the future.

joints with severe defects of the medialtibia usually progress as varus or valgusdeformities, with daily functional handicapssuch as, limping, aches and instability. Duringthe last seven years, in total 1200 knees ofpatients were treated by both bilateral andunilateral total knee arthroplasty in the Jointcenter of National First Central Hospital. Thisresearch shed a light on patients that weretreated by unilateral total knee arthroplastyto correct large defects of tibia.Materials and Methods: The objectiveof this paper is to compare patients whowere treated with auto bone graft withpatients who were treated without auto bonegraft, in order to assess the effectiveness ofthe auto bone graft technique through theretrospective method.Results: The unilateral total kneearthroplasty was operated on 553 patients,30 (5,42%) of whom were treated withautobone graft and 523(94,58%) of whomwere treated without the auto bone graft.Postoperative complication was observed in3 cases (9,9%) among the first group ofpatients, and in 25 cases (4,5%) amongthe second group of patients. As patients,diagnosed with osteoarthrotic knees withsevere tibial bone defects, were treatedthrough the auto bone graft, it could beconcluded that more complications wereobserved on patients with large tibialbone losses. However, no complicationwas observed in other 27 cases that weretreated with the bone graft during the postoperativefollow-up period ranged fromtwelve to eighty four months.Conclusion: In conclusion, total kneearthroplasty using auto bone graft forpatients with severe tibial bone defects iseconomically as well as clinically effectivetechnique for our country.

Abstract Malaria is an ancient disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by several species of female anopheline mosquitoes. The term „malaria‟ originates from mal’aria (Italian) –signifying „bad air‟ or miasmas arising from marshes.
Cognizant of the burden of the disease in antiquity, several efforts have been made to understand the disease notably, the detection of the Plasmodium parasite in the blood of infected humans in 1880, as well as proof of the complete life cycle of malaria parasites in mosquitoes in 1897.
Among 200 Plasmodium species identified P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi are known to be responsible for human malaria, while mortality due to malaria is mostly attributed to infections with P. falciparum.
The Anopheles mosquito bites a human and injects sporozoite forms. These move to the liver and invade hepatocytes, in which they develop to produce exoerythrocytic merozoite forms that are released into the blood stream. Merozoites invade erythrocytes and grow into trophozoites and mature schizonts. Merozoites are released that reinvade new erythrocytes.
Gametocytes, formed from the asexual blood stage, are taken up by a feeding mosquito into the gut where they mature to form male and female gametes. The fertilized zygote develops to an ookinete and an oocyst and finally sporozoites that migrate to the salivary glands.
Malaria transmission exits in 99 countries throughout world, and the greater burden of the disease is carried by African countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the estimated cases of and deaths due to malaria in 2016 were 219 million and 660,000, respectively with malaria deaths steadily decreasing since 1980. Despite the decline in the burden of malaria with the scaling-up of interventions the fact that the estimated (uncertainty exists) number of malaria deaths in 2016 exceeded that of 1980 calls for more efforts in the prevention and control of the disease.
Mongolian troops have been participating at UN mission since 2003. They work very complicated condition. One of the simple risks is Malaria. We had approximately 80 cases who had been infected by malaria at the mission area.
Mongolia is land without malaria infection. But our tourists can visit all of the world and troops works on mission area in Africa. They have a risk of malaria and our doctors have to be diagnosis and treat to malaria cases. This article provides an overview of malaria laboratory diagnosis and epidemiological data that will lead to the development of strategies to diagnose and reduce infection.