The expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN), and collagen Ⅳ in human mesangial cells were augmented with increased concentrations of glucose.Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) at concentrations of 40-160 nmol/L significantly inhibited TGF-β1 expression in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.01).PEDF at concentrations of 5-40 nmol/L significantly decreased FN and collagen Ⅳ expressions in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.01) ,suggesting that PEDF may play a salutary role in diabetic nephropathy by its antifibrogenic activity.

The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and treatment of 5 cases of simple virilizing with 211-hydroxylase deficiency were analyzed. The average age was 17 at the first hospital visit. The manifestation included abnormal external genitalia at birth, no secondary sexual characteristics developed during adolescence and no menstrual cycles, and their near-adult height (NAH) was affected. The chromosome karyotype of the patients was 46 XX. The CT scans showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. The testosterone levels were (665 ± 334 ) μg/L, which were reduced to (81 ± 25 ) μg/L after dexamethasone suppression. The levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone were 123 (57 - 563) ng/L and ＜ 5 ng/L respectively before and after dexamethasone suppression test. Early diagnosis and early treatment is particularly important for improvement of the disease outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the effects of liraglutide on high glucose induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress of H9c2myocardial cells. Methods: Liraglutide and N- scavenger N-acetylcysteine ( NAC, a reactive oxygen species ( ROS) scavenger) were added to the H9c2 cells culture solution for 24h. The ROS levels were detected by flow cytometry, and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). GRP78 and CHOP were the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein markers. Results: Compared with the control group, the ROS, GRP78 and CHOP protein levels significantly increased in the high glucose group (P<0. 01). Compared with the high glucose group, liraglutide significantly reduced the overproduction of ROS (P<0. 01). Liraglutide also decreased the protein expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Liraglutide can inhibit high glucose induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress of H9c2 cells.