Circle of Willis is the most important intracranial collateral circulation system,it has many types of variation.Circle of Willis variants reduce intracranial blood perfusion and increase the risks of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and white matter lesions.White matter lesions are white matter damage caused by a variety of causes.With the wide application of neuroimaging technology,the detection rate of white matter lesions is significantly higher,and it is closely associated with the ischemic cerebrovascular disease.This article reviews the correlation between circle of Willis variants and white matter lesions.

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution of DC-SIGN/DC-SIGNR alleles among drug user (DUs) populations with or without HIV/HCV infection in Shenzhen, and to evaluate the role of these alleles in the construction of genetic resistance to HIV or HCV and screen out the anti-HIV/HCV gene in Shenzhen.

METHODSAll 500 DU blood samples were collected from Shenzhen Detoxification Center, including 313 from injected drug users (IDUs). All samples were screened for HIV and HCV antibody by means of ELISA. The genomic DNA were extracted and amplified by PCR. The neck domain repeat regions of DC-SIGN/DC-SIGNR were sequenced directly from the PCR products to confirm the amplification for some samples and all positive PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.

RESULTSOf 500 samples, 97 were found HIV positive, all of which were IDUs and HCV positive. The total positive rate of HCV among all HIV negative DU was 57.57% (232/403), and it was 63.89% (138/216) among IDUs; in comparing to the 50.26% (94/187) of DUs with other manners there showed significant difference (chi(2) = 7.61, P = 0.0058). Among HIV + DUs, there was a higher proportion of patient with the DC-SIGNR 5/6 and 5/8 (Fisher's exact, P = 0.043 and P = 0.034) with statistical significance; there was no statistically significant difference between HCV + and HCV-DUs and no significant difference between IDUs and other DUs for the DC-SIGNR polymorphism.

CONCLUSIONThe results might indicate that DC-SIGN/DC-SIGNR polymorphism might not influence the susceptibility to HCV. Genotype 5/6 might probably have a relation with HIV infection, but still need further investigation for the low frequency.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; Drug Users ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; genetics ; HIV-1 ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C ; genetics ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo understand the genetic polymorphism of DC-SIGN's and DC-SIGNR's neck regions in normal Chinese Han population, and to obtain the genetic data of the two loci in Chinese Han population.

METHODSThe genotypes and alleles of repeat sequences of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR neck region were typed by PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of DC-SIGNR was calculated.

RESULTSDC-SIGN genetic polymorphism was rare. Allele 7 was most and its frequency was 0.9808. 4-, 5-, 6- and 8- alleles were also found, although their frequencies were very low. Caucasians had only 6- and 8- allele mutants; DC-SIGNR genetic polymorphism was high, its PIC was 0.5312, 4-,5-,6-,7-,8-,9- alleles and 16 genotypes were found in normal Chinese Han population. The differences of 6/5,7/4,7/5,7/6,7/7,9/5,9/7,9/9 genotypes distribution and 5-,6-,7-,9- alleles frequency between normal Chinese Han population and Caucasian population were all extremely distinct (P<0.01). The inserted mutation seemed more in Chinese Hans than Caucasian population.

CONCLUSIONDC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genotypes and alleles distribution in Chinese Han population are significantly different from Caucasian population and with Chinese own population genetic characteristics, compared with Caucasians.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type ; genetics ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics ; Young Adult