Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), as a nuclear transcription regulator of the hypoxic response, is up-regulated during hypoxia, and it regulates a series of downstream target gene expression, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, glucose transporter and erythropoietin through binding with hypoxia response element. It plays important roles in angiogenesis, anerobic metabolism, cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation.This article reviews the structure, function and activity regulation of HIF-1 and its roles in acute ischemic brain injury.

Benzene ; Benzene Derivatives ; Bile ; Chromatography, Gas ; Gallbladder ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Toluene

Objective To explore a method for real-time pretreatment and character extraction of epicardial signals and promote the research on the electrophysiological mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods Firstly,an analysis was made to get the properties of epicardial signals. Then,a method based on template matching was used to extract atrial activities from epicardial signals. At last,the feature points of atrial activities could be recognized.Results The correctness of recognizing feature points of sinus rhythm and AF were 99.7% and 97.0% respectively. Furthermore,only 1~2 s were cost to compute a 10-second data record with this method.Conclusion The proposed method can extract crucial information about atrium depolarization from epicardial signals and is adequate for online analysis.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare the Compound anisodamine and neostigmine sustained-release tablet and study the in vitro drug release behavior. METHODS:Using raceanisodamine and neostigmine methyl sulfate as main medicines,hydroxypropyl meth-yl cellulose as sustained release skeleton material,magnesium stearate as the lubricant,polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the adhesive,pre-gelatinized starch as the thinner,microcrystalline cellulose as the disintegrant and filler,Compound anisodamine and neostigmine sustained-release tablet was prepared by wet granulation method and direct compression method. The in vitro cumulative release rate within 12 h of the 2 main medicines was detected by HPLC method. RESULTS:Compound anisodamine and neostigmine sus-tained-release tablet was successfully prepared,and the in vitro release was basically completed within 12 h,with accumulative re-lease rate of 91.3% for anisodamine and 96.5% for neostigmine. CONCLUSIONS:Compound anisodamine and neostigmine sus-tained-release tablet that can cumulatively release for 12 h is successfully prepared.

BACKGROUND:Pneumatic lithotripsy and holmium laser lithotripsy for distal ureteral calculi have their own advantages and disadvantages in efficacy and complications, but both of them are currently better treatments. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of holmium laser lithotripsy and pneumatic lithotripsy for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi through a meta analysis. ＜br> METHODS:A online search of China Biological Medicine disk, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Springerlink, Medline, and Embase databases was performed from March 1999 to December 2013. A manual retrieval of relevant journals was also done for clinical trials about holmium laser lithotripsy and pneumatic lithotripsy for treatment of distal ureteral calculi. RevMan 5.1.5 software (Cachrane Library) was used for meta analysis. The fol owing indexes were used to compare the results:mean operative time, early stone free rate, stone migration rate, ureteral perforation rate, postoperative hematuria rate and retaining double-J catheter rate. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Four prospective studies (a total of 275 patients) were enrol ed, and there were 140 cases in the group of holmium laser lithotripsy and 133 cases in the pneumatic Lithotripsy group. Holmium laser lithotripsy conveyed significant benefits compared with pneumatic lithotripsy in mean operative time [WMD=-16.38, 95%CI (-20.29,-12.47), P＜0.000 01], stone migration incidence [OR=0.25, 95%CI (0.10, 0.63), P=0.003], retaining double-J catheter rate [OR=0.44, 95%CI (0.25, 0.78), P=0.004], while early stone free rate, postoperative hematuria rate and ureteral perforation rate had no significant changes between the two groups. Compared with pneumatic lithotripsy, holmium laser lithotripsy can shorten mean operative time and reduce the stone migration rate. Because of the lack of prospective studies and smal sample size, large-sized randomized control ed studies are urgently needed to provide evidence.

Objective To measure and analyze the radioactivity level of 210Pb in outdoor air in Beijing in spring.Methods Portable high flow air samplers were used to collect outdoor air at the ground level to analyze the 210Pb radioactivity in the aerosol filter samples using a laboratory-based high purity germanium (HPGe) γ spectrometer.Results The activity concentration of 210Pb outdoors ranged from 267.2 to 1 697.6 μBq/m3,with an average of (878.7 ± 386.7) μBq/m3.Statistical analysis showed that the activity concentrations 210Pb of outdoors varied with variable air quality.Conclusions The activity concentrations of 210Pb outdoors are detectable in Beijing,varying considerably but within the normal range.

Objective To investigate and analyze the status quo of the patients of extended stay at 11 clinical hospitals of a general university in Beijing, and explore the countermeasures and solutions.Methods Contact with the medical affairs departments of these hospitals to collect information about such patients of extended stay.Results A total of 43 cases of patients were identified as extended stay at these hospitals, accounting for 0.00% to 0.93% of total beds.Their stay ranged from 1 month to 15 years, including 17 cases with medical disputes (39.5%), and 26 cases without (60.5%).Conclusions The phenomenon of extended stay at hospitals deserve enough attention and appropriate actions accordingly.

Objective:To observe the influence of schisandrone on the levels of IL-1? and iNOS mRNA in the hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer-like disease(AD) and to investigate the probable prevention and therapy effect of schisandrone on AD. Methods: Totally 30 male SD rats, 8-12 weeks old, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups: blank control group,AD model group and schisandrone intervention group(n=10). The animal model of AD was established by 10 mmol/L amyloid-beta protein(A? 25-35 ) 5 ?l stereotactic injection into lateral cerebral ventricle of rats and the rats of schisandrone intervention group were administrated with corn oil with 1 mmol/L schisandrone. And then the levels of IL-1? and iNOS mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by RT-PCR. Results: The levels of IL-1? and iNOS mRNA in the hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer-like disease (0.333 7?0.122 3, 0.266 6?0.088 5) decreased obviously after administration of schisandrone (0.969 3?0.153 9, 0.666 0?0.121 1)(P

Objective To measure the current environmental radioactivity levels in some districts of Yunnan Province,and to estimate the external doses to local residents.Methods The surface soil,aerosol and water samples were collected and analyzed by HPGe gamma spectrometry.Based on the estimation model selected by Ministry of Health in the nationwide soil survey,the doses to local residents from 238U,226Ra,232Th,40K and 137Cs in environmental samples were estimated.CARI-6 software issued by FAA (Federal Aviation Administration ) was used to estimate cosmic radiation dose to the local population.Results The external annual dose rate to the local people was 1.13 mSv per year,of which 0.52 mSv per year was contributed by natural radionuclides in soil,0.6 μ Sv per year by 137 Cs in soil and 0.61 mSv per year by cosmic radiation.Conclusions The cosmic radiation and natural radionuclides in soil might contribute 99.95％ of external exposure dose,while artificial radionuclide 137Cs contribute 0.05％ of external exposure dose.

Objective To test a full range of processes of sample collection,preparation,measurement and analysis by conducting the intercomparison of gamma-ray spectrometry measurement and analysis of radionuclides among key laboratories,so as to facilitate the development of gamma-ray spectrometry measurement and analysis technology.Methods To complete the collection and preparation of soil samples by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) laboratory and to measure and analyze the content in two soil samples of 214Pb,214Bi,208TI,228Ac,40K and 137Cs by three laboratories using gamma-ray spectrometry.Results The value calculated by any two laboratories were less than 1 in terms of assessment standards agreed by these three laboratories and based on the activity concentrations and the total uncertainty reported from them.The measurement results from our lab were acceptable.Conclusions Measurement results from these three laboratories are in agreement to some extent.This intercomparison activity has tested the analytical ability of the three laboratories and raised the level of our laboratory in testing homogeneity of sample preparation.